{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T02:58:53Z","timestamp":1793761133272,"version":"4.6.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-018-9405-z","type":"expression_of_concern","label":"Expression of concern","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599523200000},"record-id":"28470"}],"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]],"date-time":"2018-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]],"date-time":"2018-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-018-9405-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]],"date-time":"2018-03-12T18:00:23Z","timestamp":1520877623000},"page":"1355-1361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["The Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Metabolic Status in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mansooreh","family":"Samimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeleh","family":"Dadkhah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2606-2886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamed","family":"Haddad Kashani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Tajabadi-Ebrahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elahe","family":"Seyed Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zatollah","family":"Asemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"9405_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.01.004","volume":"45","author":"SF Witchel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Witchel SF, Roumimper H, Oberfield S (2016) Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am 45:329\u2013344","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am"},{"key":"9405_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.10.003","volume":"43","author":"A Nandi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nandi A, Chen Z, Patel R, Poretsky L (2014) Polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am 43:123\u2013147","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am"},{"key":"9405_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0556","volume":"33","author":"G Musso","year":"2010","unstructured":"Musso G, Gambino R, Cassader M (2010) Obesity, diabetes, and gut microbiota. Diabetes Care 33:2277\u20132284","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"9405_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-017-9271-0","volume":"9","author":"A Sharif","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sharif A, Kashani HH, Nasri E, Soleimani Z, Sharif MR (2017) The role of probiotics in the treatment of dysentery: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 9(4):380\u2013385","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"9405_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-016-9221-2","volume":"8","author":"MR Sharif","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sharif MR, Kashani HH, Ardakani AT, Kheirkhah D, Tabatabaei F, Sharif A (2016) The effect of a yeast probiotic on acute diarrhea in children. Probiot Antimicrob Proteins 8:211\u2013214","journal-title":"Probiot Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"9405_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7042930","volume":"7","author":"EP Neis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Neis EP, Dejong CH, Rensen SS (2015) The role of microbial amino acid metabolism in host metabolism. Nutrients 7:2930\u20132946","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"9405_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801994","volume":"26","author":"A Gambineri","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gambineri A, Pelusi C, Vicennati V, Pagotto U, Pasquali R (2002) Obesity and the polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Obes 26:883\u2013896","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"9405_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0153196","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153196","volume":"11","author":"Y Guo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guo Y, Qi Y, Yang X, Zhao L, Wen S, Liu Y, Tang L (2016) Association between polycystic ovary syndrome and gut microbiota. PLoS One 11:e0153196","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"9405_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.2013.34.2.80","volume":"34","author":"S-P Jung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jung S-P, Lee K-M, Kang J-H, Yun S-I, Park H-O, Moon Y, Kim J-Y (2013) Effect of Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 on overweight and obese adults: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Korean J Fam Med 34:80\u201389","journal-title":"Korean J Fam Med"},{"key":"9405_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.12.006","volume":"33","author":"SJ Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee SJ, Bose S, Seo J-G, Chung W-S, Lim C-Y, Kim H (2014) The effects of co-administration of probiotics with herbal medicine on obesity, metabolic endotoxemia and dysbiosis: a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr 33:973\u2013981","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"9405_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17060928","volume":"17","author":"MJ S\u00e1ez-Lara","year":"2016","unstructured":"S\u00e1ez-Lara MJ, Robles-Sanchez C, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Plaza-Diaz J, Gil A (2016) Effects of probiotics and synbiotics on obesity, insulin resistance syndrome, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a review of human clinical trials. Int J Mol Sci 17:928","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"9405_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1223813","volume":"336","author":"JK Nicholson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Kinross J, Burcelin R, Gibson G, Jia W, Pettersson S (2012) Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions. Science 336:1262\u20131267","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9405_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmadi S, Jamilian M, Karamali M, Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, Jafari P, Taghizadeh M, Memarzadeh MR, Asemi Z (2017) Probiotic supplementation and the effects on weight loss, glycaemia and lipid profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Hum Fertil (Camb):1\u20138","DOI":"10.1080\/14647273.2017.1283446"},{"key":"9405_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-015-0020-z","volume":"1","author":"M Mikelsaar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mikelsaar M, Sepp E, \u0160t\u0161epetova J, H\u00fctt P, Zilmer K, Kullisaar T, Zilmer M (2015) Regulation of plasma lipid profile by Lactobacillus fermentum (probiotic strain ME-3 DSM14241) in a randomised controlled trial of clinically healthy adults. BMC Nutr 1:27","journal-title":"BMC Nutr"},{"key":"9405_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4103\/2008-7802.153866","volume":"6","author":"T Shoaei","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shoaei T, Heidari-Beni M, Tehrani HG, Feizi A, Esmaillzadeh A, Askari G (2015) Effects of probiotic supplementation on pancreatic beta-cell function and C-reactive protein in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Int J Prev Med 6:27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2008-7802.153866","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"9405_CR16","first-page":"19","volume":"81","author":"TR Eshre","year":"2004","unstructured":"Eshre TR, Group, A.-S.P.C.W (2004) Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 81:19\u201325","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9405_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.20.2401","volume":"299","author":"CL Ogden","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Flegal KM (2008) High body mass index for age among US children and adolescents, 2003\u20132006. JAMA 299:2401\u20132405","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"9405_CR18","first-page":"240","volume":"29","author":"S Niroumand","year":"2015","unstructured":"Niroumand S, Khajedaluee M, Khadem-Rezaiyan M, Abrishami M, Juya M, Khodaee G, Dadgarmoghaddam M (2015) Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP): a marker of cardiovascular disease. Med J Islam Repub Iran 29:240","journal-title":"Med J Islam Repub Iran"},{"key":"9405_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2008.09.003","volume":"19","author":"F Hadaegh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hadaegh F, Khalili D, Ghasemi A, Tohidi M, Sheikholeslami F, Azizi F (2009) Triglyceride\/HDL-cholesterol ratio is an independent predictor for coronary heart disease in a population of Iranian men. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 19:401\u2013408","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"9405_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1476","volume":"57","author":"X Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang X, Yeung DC, Karpisek M, Stejskal D, Zhou Z-G, Liu F, Wong RL, Chow W-S, Tso AW, Lam KS (2008) Serum FGF21 levels are increased in obesity and are independently associated with the metabolic syndrome in humans. Diabetes 57:1246\u20131253","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"9405_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0840","volume":"36","author":"V Pisprasert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pisprasert V, Ingram KH, Lopez-Davila MF, Munoz AJ, Garvey WT (2013) Limitations in the use of indices using glucose and insulin levels to predict insulin sensitivity: impact of race and gender and superiority of the indices derived from oral glucose tolerance test in African Americans. Diabetes Care 36:845\u2013853","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"9405_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.14310\/horm.2002.1489","volume":"13","author":"M Taghizadeh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Taghizadeh M, Asemi Z (2014) Effects of synbiotic food consumption on glycemic status and serum hs-CRP in pregnant women: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Hormones (Athens) 13:398\u2013406","journal-title":"Hormones (Athens)"},{"key":"9405_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/2042018812437355","volume":"3","author":"A Bargiota","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bargiota A, Diamanti-Kandarakis E (2012) The effects of old, new and emerging medicines on metabolic aberrations in PCOS. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 3:27\u201347","journal-title":"Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9405_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.09.040","volume":"91","author":"A Soleimani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Soleimani A, Zarrati Mojarrad M, Bahmani F, Taghizadeh M, Ramezani M, Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, Jafari P, Esmaillzadeh A, Asemi Z (2017) Probiotic supplementation in diabetic hemodialysis patients has beneficial metabolic effects. Kidney Int 91:435\u2013442","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"9405_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-016-1199-8","volume":"56","author":"S Firouzi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Firouzi S, Majid HA, Ismail A, Kamaruddin NA, Barakatun-Nisak MY (2016) Effect of multi-strain probiotics (multi-strain microbial cell preparation) on glycemic control and other diabetes-related outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 56(4):1535\u20131550","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"9405_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000349922","volume":"63","author":"Z Asemi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Asemi Z, Zare Z, Shakeri H, Sabihi SS, Esmaillzadeh A (2013) Effect of multispecies probiotic supplements on metabolic profiles, hs-CRP, and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes. Ann Nutr Metab 63:1\u20139","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"9405_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510002874","volume":"104","author":"AS Andreasen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Andreasen AS, Larsen N, Pedersen-Skovsgaard T, Berg RM, Moller K, Svendsen KD, Jakobsen M, Pedersen BK (2010) Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM on insulin sensitivity and the systemic inflammatory response in human subjects. Br J Nutr 104:1831\u20131838","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"9405_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.10.003","volume":"36","author":"R Fernandes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fernandes R, do Rosario VA, Mocellin MC, Kuntz MG, Trindade EB (2016) Effects of inulin-type fructans, galacto-oligosaccharides and related synbiotics on inflammatory markers in adult patients with overweight or obesity: a systematic review. Clin Nutr 36(5):1197\u20131206","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"9405_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-50","volume":"13","author":"MD Nitert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nitert MD, Barrett HL, Foxcroft K, Tremellen A, Wilkinson S, Lingwood B, Tobin JM, McSweeney C, O\u2019Rourke P, McIntyre HD (2013) Spring: an RCT study of probiotics in the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus in overweight and obese women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 13:50","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"5","key":"9405_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.08.015","volume":"36","author":"E Kouchaki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kouchaki E, Tamtaji OR, Salami M, Bahmani F, Kakhaki RD, Akbari E, Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, Jafari P, Asemi Z (2016) Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic supplementation in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr 36(5):1245\u20131249","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"9405_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R145","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-1063","volume":"177","author":"D Macut","year":"2017","unstructured":"Macut D, Bozic-Antic I, Bjekic-Macut J, Tziomalos K (2017) Management of endocrine disease: polycystic ovary syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Endocrinol 177:R145\u2013R158","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"9405_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000167408.30893.6b","volume":"106","author":"A Dokras","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dokras A, Bochner M, Hollinrake E, Markham S, Vanvoorhis B, Jagasia DH (2005) Screening women with polycystic ovary syndrome for metabolic syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 106:131\u2013137","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"9405_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2011.0010","volume":"31","author":"M Malaguarnera","year":"2011","unstructured":"Malaguarnera M, Vacante M, Bertino G, Neri S, Gargante MP, Motta M, Lupo L, Chisari G, Bruno CM, Pennisi G et al (2011) The supplementation of acetyl-L-carnitine decreases fatigue and increases quality of life in patients with hepatitis C treated with pegylated interferon-alpha 2b plus ribavirin. J Interf Cytokine Res 31:653\u2013659","journal-title":"J Interf Cytokine Res"},{"key":"9405_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2012.02.007","volume":"22","author":"D Compare","year":"2012","unstructured":"Compare D, Coccoli P, Rocco A, Nardone OM, De Maria S, Carteni M, Nardone G (2012) Gut-liver axis: the impact of gut microbiota on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 22:471\u2013476","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"9405_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50048","volume":"37","author":"Z Li","year":"2003","unstructured":"Li Z, Yang S, Lin H, Huang J, Watkins PA, Moser AB, Desimone C, Song XY, Diehl AM (2003) Probiotics and antibodies to TNF inhibit inflammatory activity and improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 37:343\u2013350","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9405_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.559","volume":"77","author":"D Letexier","year":"2003","unstructured":"Letexier D, Diraison F, Beylot M (2003) Addition of inulin to a moderately high-carbohydrate diet reduces hepatic lipogenesis and plasma triacylglycerol concentrations in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 77:559\u2013564","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"9405_CR37","unstructured":"Tabrizi R, Moosazadeh M, Lankarani KB, Akbari M, Heydari ST, Kolahdooz F, Asemi Z (2017) The effects of synbiotic supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipid profiles in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Probiot Antimicrob Proteins:1\u201314"},{"key":"9405_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.2478\/s11535-010-0103-4","volume":"6","author":"T Kullisaar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kullisaar T, Shepetova J, Zilmer K, Songisepp E, Rehema A, Mikelsaar M, Zilmer M (2011) An antioxidant probiotic reduces postprandial lipemia and oxidative stress. Open Life Sci 6:32\u201340","journal-title":"Open Life Sci"},{"key":"9405_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-014-3901-z","volume":"49","author":"H Shakeri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shakeri H, Hadaegh H, Abedi F, Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, Mazroii N, Ghandi Y, Asemi Z (2014) Consumption of synbiotic bread decreases triacylglycerol and VLDL levels while increasing HDL levels in serum from patients with type-2 diabetes. Lipids 49:695\u2013701","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"9405_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600583","volume":"52","author":"G Schaafsma","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schaafsma G, Meuling WJ, van Dokkum W, Bouley C (1998) Effects of a milk product, fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus and with fructo-oligosaccharides added, on blood lipids in male volunteers. Eur J Clin Nutr 52:436\u2013440","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"9405_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.002","volume":"77","author":"RA Wild","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wild RA (2012) Dyslipidemia in PCOS. Steroids 77:295\u2013299","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"9405_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmr046","volume":"18","author":"ML Meyer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meyer ML, Malek AM, Wild RA, Korytkowski MT, Talbott EO (2012) Carotid artery intima-media thickness in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 18:112\u2013126","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"9405_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiosc.2008.12.001","volume":"107","author":"H Matsuoka","year":"2009","unstructured":"Matsuoka H, Miura A, Hori K (2009) Symbiotic effects of a lipase-secreting bacterium, Burkholderia arboris SL1B1, and a glycerol-assimilating yeast, Candida cylindracea SL1B2, on triacylglycerol degradation. J Biosci Bioeng 107:401\u2013408","journal-title":"J Biosci Bioeng"},{"key":"9405_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28898","volume":"116","author":"H Shi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shi H, Kokoeva MV, Inouye K, Tzameli I, Yin H, Flier JS (2006) TLR4 links innate immunity and fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 116:3015\u20133025","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"9405_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25088","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.452516","volume":"288","author":"H Yadav","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yadav H, Lee JH, Lloyd J, Walter P, Rane SG (2013) Beneficial metabolic effects of a probiotic via butyrate-induced GLP-1 hormone secretion. J Biol Chem 288:25088\u201325097","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-018-9405-z","type":"expression_of_concern","label":"Expression of concern","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599523200000},"record-id":"28470"}],"container-title":["Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12602-018-9405-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12602-018-9405-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12602-018-9405-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T14:56:03Z","timestamp":1751468163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12602-018-9405-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9405"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-018-9405-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1867-1306","1867-1314"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1867-1306","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-1314","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 March 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 September 2020","order":2,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Clarification","order":3,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Editor's Note: The Editor-in-Chief is currently investigating this article as concerns have been raised about integrity of the clinical trial reported here. There is also an ongoing investigation by the Iranian National Committee for Ethics in Biomedical Researches. Further editorial action will be taken as appropriate once the investigation into the concerns is complete and all parties have been given an opportunity to respond in full.","order":4,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"This paper is our original unpublished work and it has not been submitted to any other journal for reviews.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Responsibilities of Authors"}},{"value":"The primary data for this study is available from the authors on direct request.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of Data and Materials"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}