{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T13:43:49Z","timestamp":1770817429754,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596499200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005643","name":"University of Lodz","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005643","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Probiotics &amp; Antimicro. Prot."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>is a common cause of infectious urolithiasis. The first stage in the formation of urinary stones is the crystallization of mineral salts in the urine induced by urease activity of this microorganism.<jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>spp<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>are an important component of the human microbiota and in large quantities occur in foods. Regardless of their origin, those with probiotic properties are proposed as an alternative to antibiotic therapy in the treatment of urinary tract infections. The aim of the study was to check the effect of selected<jats:italic>Lactobacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Lactobacillus brevis<\/jats:italic>strains on crystallization caused by<jats:italic>P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>in an in vitro experiment. It has been confirmed that selected<jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>strains have antibacterial properties and colonize the urinary tract epithelium. During 24-h incubation of bacterial cultures, containing<jats:italic>P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>and individual<jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>strains, in synthetic urine, bacterial viability (CFU\/mL), pH, and crystallization were determined. Crystallization was assessed quantitatively and qualitatively using AAS and XRD techniques as well as phase-contrast microscopy. It has been shown that in the presence of selected<jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>strains, the culture pH increases faster, especially after 8\u00a0h of incubation, compared with the pure<jats:italic>P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>culture. An increase in pH reduces the viability of<jats:italic>P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>; however, in the presence of some lactobacilli, the uropathogen grows more intensively. The presence of<jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>also affected crystallization by increasing its intensity, and the resulting crystals were larger in size. Tested<jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>L. brevis<\/jats:italic>strains could therefore accelerate the formation of urinary stones and development of infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-020-09689-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T23:03:36Z","timestamp":1596582216000},"page":"441-452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Potentially Probiotic Lactobacillus Strains Derived from Food Intensify Crystallization Caused by Proteus mirabilis in Urine"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4861-1375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Torzewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Wiewiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Brodecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Szczerbiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3836-581X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoni","family":"R\u00f3\u017calski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"9689_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5575","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001485","volume":"66","author":"M Adeolu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Adeolu M, Alnajar S, Naushad S, Gupta R (2016) Genome-based phylogeny and taxonomy of the \u2018Enterobacteriales\u2019: proposal for Enterobacterales ord. nov. divided into the families Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae fam. nov., Pectobacteriaceae fam. nov., Yersiniaceae fam. nov., Hafniaceae fam. nov., Morganellaceae fam. nov., and Budviciaceae fam. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 66:5575\u20135599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/ijsem.0.001485","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"9689_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Algburi A, Alazzawi SA, Al-Ezzy AIA, Weeks R, Chistyakov V, Chikindas ML (2020) Potential probiotics Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895 co-aggregate with clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis and prevent biofilm formation. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-020-09631-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-020-09631-0"},{"key":"9689_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004601","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004601","volume":"11","author":"CHJ Alteri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alteri CHJ, Himpsl SD, Mobley HLT (2015) Preferential use of central metabolism in vivo reveals a nutritional basis for polymicrobial infection. PLoS Pathog 11:e1004601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004601","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"9689_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.11.001","volume":"4","author":"IM Arag\u00f3n","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arag\u00f3n IM, Herrera-Imbroda B, Queipo Ortu\u00f1o M, Castillo E, Del Moral J, Gomez-Millan J, Yucel Lara Cabanas MF (2018) The urinary tract microbiome in health and disease. Eur Urol Focus 4:128\u20131384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euf.2016.11.001","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"key":"9689_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Armbruster CE, Mobley HLT, Pearson MM (2018) Pathogenesis of Proteus mirabilis infection. EcoSal Plus 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/ecosalplus.ESP-0009-2017","DOI":"10.1128\/ecosalplus.ESP-0009-2017"},{"issue":"10","key":"9689_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0186256","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186256","volume":"12","author":"M Astasov-Frauenhoffer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Astasov-Frauenhoffer M, Varenganayil MM, Decho AW, Waltimo T, Braissant O (2017) Exopolysaccharides regulate calcium flow in cariogenic biofilms. PLoS One 12(10):e0186256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0186256","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"9689_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2008.03.013","volume":"30","author":"R Barrons","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barrons R, Tassone D (2008) Use of Lactobacillus probiotics for bacterial genitourinary infections in women: a review. Clin Ther 30:453\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinthera.2008.03.013","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"9689_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eeus.2007.03.002","volume":"5","author":"DR Basavaraj","year":"2007","unstructured":"Basavaraj DR, Biyani CHS, Browning AJ, Cartledge JJ (2007) The role of urinary kidney stone inhibitors and promoters in the pathogenesis of calcium containing renal stones. EAU-EBU Update Series 5:126\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eeus.2007.03.002","journal-title":"EAU-EBU Update Series"},{"issue":"3","key":"9689_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e03533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03533","volume":"6","author":"AP Bayuseno","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bayuseno AP, Perwitasari DS, Muryanto S, Tauviqirrahman M, Jamaria J (2020) Kinetics and morphological characteristics of struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) under the influence of maleic acid. Heliyon 6(3):e03533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03533","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"9689_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/s0924-8579(02)00088-2","volume":"19","author":"KH Bichler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bichler KH, Eipper E, Naber K, Braun V, Zimmermann R, Lahme S (2002) Urinary infection stones. Int J Antimicrob Agents 19:488\u2013498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0924-8579(02)00088-2","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"9689_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrysgro.2009.02.015","volume":"311","author":"BM Borah","year":"2009","unstructured":"Borah BM, Singh AK, Ramesh A, Das G (2009) Lactic acid bacterial extract as a biogenic mineral growth. J Cryst Growth 311:2664\u20132672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrysgro.2009.02.015","journal-title":"J Cryst Growth"},{"key":"9689_CR12","first-page":"51","volume":"36","author":"M Ciszek-Lenda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ciszek-Lenda M (2011) Biological functions of exopolysaccharides from probiotic bacteria. Centr Eur J Immunol 36:51\u201355","journal-title":"Centr Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"9689_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2998","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.7.2998-3003.1994","volume":"62","author":"AJ Dumanski","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dumanski AJ, Hedelin H, Edin-Liljegren A, Beauchemin D, McLean RJ (1994) Unique ability of the Proteus mirabilis capsule to enhance mineral growth in infectious urinary calculi. Infect Immun 62:2998\u20133003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"9689_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.30918\/MRI.81.19.036","volume":"8","author":"IM Ezeonu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ezeonu IM, Louis GO, Eze CA, Chah KF, Ugwu NE (2020) Direct instillation of Lactobacillus plantarum into rat bladder inhibits urinary tract infection (UTI) and protects the integrity of urinary organs. Microbiol Res Int 8:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30918\/MRI.81.19.036","journal-title":"Microbiol Res Int"},{"key":"9689_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2014.99","volume":"11","author":"R Flannigan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Flannigan R, Choy WH, Chew B, Lange D (2014) Renal struvite stones\u2014pathogenesis, microbiology, and management strategies. Nat Rev Urol 11:333\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrurol.2014.99","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"9689_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_16_292","volume":"35","author":"V Gupta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gupta V, Deepika N, Prathiba G (2017) Recurrent urinary tract infections in women: how promising is the use of probiotics? Indian J Med Microbiol 35:347\u2013354 http:\/\/www.ijmm.org\/text.asp?2017\/35\/3\/347\/216616","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"9689_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2004.09.011","volume":"47","author":"CE Hoesl","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hoesl CE, Altwein JE (2005) The probiotic approach: an alternative treatment option in urology. Eur Urol 47:288\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2004.09.011","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"9689_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2006.02857.x","volume":"100","author":"P H\u00fctt","year":"2006","unstructured":"H\u00fctt P, Shchepetova J, L\u00f5ivukene K, Kullisaar T, Mikelsaar M (2006) Antagonistic activity of probiotic Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria against entero- and uropathogens. J Appl Microbiol 100:1324\u20131332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2006.02857.x","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"9689_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2016.06.013","volume":"127","author":"D Ipe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ipe D, Ulett G (2016) Evaluation of the in vitro growth of urinary tract infection-causing gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in a proposed synthetic human urine (SHU) medium. J Microbiol Methods 127:164\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mimet.2016.06.013","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"9689_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2018.50.1.67","volume":"50","author":"C-I Kang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kang C-I, Kim J, Park D, Kim B-N, Ha U-S, Lee S-J, Yeo J, Min S, Lee H, Wie S-H (2018) Clinical practice guidelines for the antibiotic treatment of community-acquired urinary tract infections. Infect Chemother 50:67\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3947\/ic.2018.50.1.67","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"key":"9689_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.14777\/uti.2018.13.1.7","volume":"13","author":"J-M Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim J-M, Park Y-J (2018) Lactobacillus and urine microbiome in association with urinary tract infections and bacterial vaginosis. Urogenit Tract Infec 13:7\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14777\/uti.2018.13.1.7","journal-title":"Urogenit Tract Infec"},{"key":"9689_CR22","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"Q Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li Q, Liu X, Dong M, Zhou J, Wang Y (2015) Adhesion and probiotic properties of Lactobacillus planatrum isolated from Chinese traditional fermented soybean paste. Glob Adv Res J Food Sci Technol 4:1\u20139","journal-title":"Glob Adv Res J Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"9689_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4172\/2329-8901.1000144","volume":"4","author":"Y-H Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu Y-H, Ho C-Y, Huang C-C, Tsai C-C (2016) Inhibitory effect of lactic acid bacteria on uropathogenic Escherichia coli-induced urinary tract infection. J Prob Health 4:2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2329-8901.1000144","journal-title":"J Prob Health"},{"key":"9689_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","volume":"193","author":"O Lowry","year":"1951","unstructured":"Lowry O, Rosenbrough N, Lewis-Farr A, Randall R (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265\u2013275","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"9689_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2015.06.018","volume":"37","author":"RJ Madden-Fuentes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Madden-Fuentes RJ, Arshad M, Ross SS, Seed PC (2015) Fluoroquinolone-probiotic combination therapy to treat recurrent urinary tract infections in children. Clin Ther 37:2143\u20132147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinthera.2015.06.018","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"9689_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18952","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.18952","volume":"9","author":"A Manzoor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Manzoor A, Ul-Hag I, Baig S, Qazi JI, Seratlic S (2016) Efficacy of locally isolated lactic acid bacteria against antibiotic-resistance uropathogens. Jundishapur J Microbiol 9:e18952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/jjm.18952","journal-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol"},{"key":"9689_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2004.12.001","volume":"339","author":"T Masuko","year":"2005","unstructured":"Masuko T, Minami A, Iwasaki N, Majima T, Nishimura SI, Lee YC (2005) Carbohydrate analysis by a phenol-sulphuric acid method in microplate format. Anal Biochem 339:69\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ab.2004.12.001","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"9689_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0309-1740(02)00188-2","volume":"64","author":"M Mataragas","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mataragas M, Metaxopoulos J, Galiotou M, Drosinos EH (2003) Influence of pH and temperature on growth and bacteriocin production by Leuconostoc mesenteroides L124 and Lactobacillus curvatus L442. Meat Sci 64:265\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0309-1740(02)00188-2","journal-title":"Meat Sci"},{"key":"9689_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1711.2000.00887.x","volume":"78","author":"T Matsuzaki","year":"2000","unstructured":"Matsuzaki T, Chin J (2000) Modulating immune responses with probiotic bacteria. Immunol Cell Biol 78:67\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1440-1711.2000.00887.x","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"9689_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3109\/10408418809104467","volume":"16","author":"RJC McLean","year":"1988","unstructured":"McLean RJC, Nickel JC, Cheng K-J, Costerton JW (1988) The ecology and pathogenicity of urease-producing bacteria in the urinary tract. CRC Crit Rev Microbiol 16:37\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/10408418809104467","journal-title":"CRC Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"9689_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.33073\/pjm-2013-052","volume":"62","author":"M Moryl","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moryl M, Torzewska A, Ja\u0142mu\u017cna P, R\u00f3\u017calski A (2013) Analysis of Proteus mirabilis distribution in multi-species biofilms on urinary catheters and determination of bacteria resistance to antimicrobial agents. Pol J Microbiol 62:377\u2013384","journal-title":"Pol J Microbiol"},{"key":"9689_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.26719\/2001.7.4-5.763","volume":"7","author":"T Naas","year":"2001","unstructured":"Naas T, Al-Agili S, Bashir O (2001) Urinary calculi: bacteriological and chemical association. East Mediterr Health J 7:763\u2013770","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"9689_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9416","DOI":"10.5897\/AJB11.3334","volume":"11","author":"HC Okereke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Okereke HC, Achi OK, Ekwenye UN, Orji FA (2012) Antimicrobial properties of probiotic bacteria from various sources. Afr J Biotechnol 11:9416\u20139421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5897\/AJB11.3334","journal-title":"Afr J Biotechnol"},{"key":"9689_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3538","DOI":"10.1021\/cg900281g","volume":"9","author":"J Prywer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Prywer J, Torzewska A (2009) Bacterially induced struvite growth from synthetic urine: experimental and theoretical characterization of crystal morphology. Cryst Growth Des 9:3538\u20133543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/cg900281g","journal-title":"Cryst Growth Des"},{"key":"9689_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1159\/000046299","volume":"81","author":"JS Rodman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rodman JS (1999) Struvite stones. Nephron 81:50\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000046299","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"9689_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1128\/.61.1.65-89.1997","volume":"61","author":"A R\u00f3\u017calski","year":"1997","unstructured":"R\u00f3\u017calski A, Sidorczyk Z, Kote\u0142ko K (1997) Potential virulence factors of Proteus bacilli. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 61:65\u201389","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"9689_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3909","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02834-06","volume":"73","author":"Y Sawatari","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sawatari Y, Yokota A (2007) Diversity and mechanisms of alkali tolerance in lactobacilli. Appl Environ Microbiol 73:3909\u20133915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.02834-06","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"9689_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjmsu.2010.02.004","volume":"3","author":"JA Sayer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sayer JA, Moochhala SH, Thomas DJ (2010) The medical management of urolithiasis. Brit J Med Surg Urol 3:87\u201395","journal-title":"Brit J Med Surg Urol"},{"key":"9689_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4494","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1601720113","volume":"113","author":"JN Schaffer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schaffer JN, Norsworthy AN, Sun T-T, Pearson MM (2016) P. mirabilis clusters initiate stone formation. PNAS 113:4494\u20134499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1601720113","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"9689_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.126968","volume":"256","author":"S Shaddel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shaddel S, Grini T, Andreassen J-P, \u00d8sterhus SW, Ucar S (2020) Crystallization kinetics and growth of struvite crystals by seawater versus magnesium chloride as magnesium source: towards enhancing sustainability and economics of struvite crystallization. Chemosphere 256:126968. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.126968","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"9689_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12949","volume":"58","author":"YH Shim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shim YH, Lee SJ, Lee JW (2016) Antimicrobial activity of lactobacillus strains against uropathogens. Pediatr Int 58:1009\u20131013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ped.12949","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"9689_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4125","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs057","volume":"27","author":"R Tavichakorntrakool","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tavichakorntrakool R, Prasongwattana V, Sungkeeree S, Saisud P, Sribenjalux P, Pimratana C, Bovornpadungkitti S, Sriboonlue P, Thongboonkerd V (2012) Extensive characterizations of bacteria isolated from catheterized urine and stone matrices in patients with nephrolithiasis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 27:4125\u20134130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfs057","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"9689_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2018.11.005","volume":"170","author":"A Torzewska","year":"2019","unstructured":"Torzewska A, Bednarska K, R\u00f3\u017calski A (2019) Influence of various uropathogens on crystallization of urine mineral components caused by Proteus mirabilis. Res Microbiol 170:80\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resmic.2018.11.005","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"key":"9689_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2013.09.020","volume":"169","author":"A Torzewska","year":"2014","unstructured":"Torzewska A, R\u00f3\u017calski A (2014) Inhibition of crystallization caused by Proteus mirabilis during the development of infectious urolithiasis by various phenolic substances. Microbiol Res 169:579\u2013584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micres.2013.09.020","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"key":"9689_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.05161-0","volume":"52","author":"A Torzewska","year":"2003","unstructured":"Torzewska A, St\u0105czek P, R\u00f3\u017aalski A (2003) Crystallization of urine mineral components may depend on the chemical nature of Proteus endotoxin polysaccharides. J Med Microbiol 52:471\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.05161-0","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"9689_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-018-0536-0","volume":"8","author":"E Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang E, Fan L, Yan J, Jiang Y, Doucette C, Fillmore S, Walker B (2018) Influence of culture media, pH and temperature on growth and bacteriocin production of bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria. AMB Express 8:10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13568-018-0536-0","journal-title":"AMB Express"}],"container-title":["Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12602-020-09689-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12602-020-09689-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12602-020-09689-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]],"date-time":"2022-11-05T19:19:06Z","timestamp":1667675946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12602-020-09689-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["9689"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-020-09689-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1867-1306","1867-1314"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1867-1306","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-1314","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 August 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}