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Linear correlations were found between identified differentially abundant salivary microbiota and clinical parameters. Salivary microbiome \u03b1-diversity was found to be higher in the probiotic-treated group at week 12 relative to placebo controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). <jats:italic>Leptotrichia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Paracoccus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Faecalibacterium<\/jats:italic> were found to be more abundant in the probiotic-treated group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Salivary microbiota abundance and predicted functional profiling abundance correlations were found to be associated with anti-inflammation, anti-obesity, toxin degradation, and anti-oxidative injury effects (<jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.1). Several oral taxa also displayed correlations with social behavior severity scores in the probiotic-treated group (<jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.1). The findings suggest novel salivary microbiota compositional changes in response to the oral supplementation of BL-11 probiotic in individuals with PWS. The observed differentially abundant taxa between groups post-treatment were highly correlated with interventional effects on growth and social behaviors, although further investigation is warranted.\u00a0<jats:italic>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:italic>\u00a0The original clinical trial was registered under the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with registration number ChiCTR1900022646 (April 20, 2019).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-022-09938-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T19:09:21Z","timestamp":1651000161000},"page":"699-711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Altered Salivary Microbiota Following Bifidobacterium animalis Subsp. 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