{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T22:49:35Z","timestamp":1780354175930,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Probiotics &amp; Antimicro. Prot."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-022-10010-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T03:02:15Z","timestamp":1670468535000},"page":"93-98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Interferon Gamma Response in Human Saliva Following Exposure to the Oral Probiotic Streptococcus salivarius BLIS K12"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5849-458X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma A.","family":"Laws","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7570-7348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liam K.","family":"Harold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9477-6579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John R.","family":"Tagg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1187-6000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John D. F.","family":"Hale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"10010_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hegarty JW, Guinane CM, Ross RP et al (2016) Bacteriocin production: a relatively unharnessed probiotic trait? https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.9615.1","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.9615.1"},{"key":"10010_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-316\/FIGURES\/4","volume":"10","author":"RC Anderson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Anderson RC, Cookson AL, McNabb WC et al (2010) Lactobacillus plantarum MB452 enhances the function of the intestinal barrier by increasing the expression levels of genes involved in tight junction formation. BMC Microbiol 10:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2180-10-316\/FIGURES\/4","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"10010_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5402\/2013\/481651","volume":"2013","author":"M Kechagia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kechagia M, Basoulis D, Konstantopoulou S et al (2013) Health benefits of probiotics: a review. ISRN Nutr 2013:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5402\/2013\/481651","journal-title":"ISRN Nutr"},{"key":"10010_CR4","first-page":"73","volume":"7","author":"\u00c5 Ljungh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ljungh \u00c5, Wadstr\u00f6m T (2006) Lactic acid bacteria as probiotics. Curr Issues Intestinal Microbiol 7:73\u201390","journal-title":"Curr Issues Intestinal Microbiol"},{"key":"10010_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tagg JR, Dierksen KP (2003)\u00a0Bacterial replacement therapy: adapting \u2018germ warfare\u2019 to infection prevention. Trends Biotechnol 21(5):217\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0167-7799(03)00085-4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7799(03)00085-4"},{"key":"10010_CR6","first-page":"13","volume":"119","author":"JR Tagg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tagg JR (2004) Prevention of streptococcal pharyngitis by anti-Streptococcus pyogenes bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) produced by Streptococcus salivarius. Indian J Microbiol 119:13","journal-title":"Indian J Microbiol"},{"key":"10010_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-010-9045-4","volume":"2","author":"JP Burton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Burton JP, Chilcott CN, Wescombe PA, Tagg JR (2010) Extended safety data for the oral cavity probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2:135\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-010-9045-4","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"10010_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.07055-11","volume":"78","author":"SA Ishijima","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ishijima SA, Hayama K, Burton JP et al (2012) Effect of Streptococcus salivarius K12 on the in vitro growth of Candida albicans and its protective effect in an oral candidiasis model. Appl Environ Microbiol 78:2190\u20132199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.07055-11","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10010_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-021-09822-3","author":"GL Laws","year":"2021","unstructured":"Laws GL, Hale JDF, Kemp RA (2021) Human systemic immune response to ingestion of the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius BLIS K12. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-021-09822-3","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"10010_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4163","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00188-08","volume":"76","author":"C Cosseau","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cosseau C, Devine DA, Dullaghan E et al (2008) The commensal Streptococcus salivarius K12 downregulates the innate immune responses of human epithelial cells and promotes host-microbe homeostasis. Infect Immun 76:4163\u20134175","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10010_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01606-z","volume":"21","author":"KW MacDonald","year":"2021","unstructured":"MacDonald KW, Chanyi RM, Macklaim JM et al (2021) Streptococcus salivarius inhibits immune activation by periodontal disease pathogens. BMC Oral Health 21:245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-021-01606-z","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10010_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11918","volume":"107","author":"J Hiscott","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hiscott J, Kwon H, G\u00e9nin P (2001) Hostile takeovers: viral appropriation of the NF-kB pathway. J Clin Investig 107:143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI11918","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"10010_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.646184","author":"Q Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Q, Lin X, Xiang X et al (2021) Oropharyngeal probiotic ENT-K12 prevents respiratory tract infections among frontline medical staff fighting against COVID-19: a pilot study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2021.646184","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"10010_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"di Pierro F, Colombo M (2021) The administration of S. salivarius K12 to children may reduce the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Minerva Med 112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/S0026-4806.21.07487-5","DOI":"10.23736\/S0026-4806.21.07487-5"},{"key":"10010_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2147\/DHPS.S117214","volume":"8","author":"F di Pierro","year":"2016","unstructured":"di Pierro F, Colombo M, Zanvit A, Rottoli AS (2016) Positive clinical outcomes derived from using Streptococcus salivarius K12 to prevent streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis in children: a pilot investigation. Drug Healthc Patient Saf 8:77\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DHPS.S117214","journal-title":"Drug Healthc Patient Saf"},{"key":"10010_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.900448","author":"H Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo H, Xiang X, Lin X et al (2022) Oropharyngeal probiotic ENT-K12 as an effective dietary intervention for children with recurrent respiratory tract infections during cold season. Front Nutr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.900448","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"10010_CR17","unstructured":"Chilcott C, Crowley L, Kulkarni V et al (2005) Elevated levels of interferon gamma in human saliva following ingestion of Streptococcus salivarius K12. NZMS, Dunedin, New Zealand 22-25 November 2005"},{"key":"10010_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0603252.Journal","volume":"75","author":"K Schroder","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schroder K, Hertzog PJ, Ravasi T, Hume DA (2004) Interferon-y: an overview of signals, mechanisms and functions. J Leukoc Biol 75:163\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1189\/jlb.0603252.Journal","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"10010_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1038\/ni828","volume":"3","author":"X Hu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hu X, Herrero C, Li W-P et al (2002) Sensitization of IFN-gamma Jak-STAT signaling during macrophage activation. Nat Immunol 3:859\u2013866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni828","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10010_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lowenstein CJ, Alley EW, Raval P et al (1993) Macrophage nitric oxide synthase gene: two upstream regions mediate induction by interferon y and lipopolysaccharide. Biochemistry 90:9730\u20139734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.90.20.9730","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.20.9730"},{"key":"10010_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIENCE.1373522","volume":"256","author":"QW Xie","year":"1979","unstructured":"Xie QW, Cho HJ, Calaycay J et al (1979) (1992) Cloning and characterization of inducible nitric oxide synthase from mouse macrophages. Science 256:225\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/SCIENCE.1373522","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10010_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tagg JR, Read RS, McGiven AR (1973) Bacteriocin of a group A streptococcus: partial purification and properties. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 4:214\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.4.3.214","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.4.3.214"},{"key":"10010_CR23","unstructured":"Morse SA (1996) Medical Microbiology 4th edition 12"},{"key":"10010_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1038\/82717","volume":"1","author":"DP Harris","year":"2000","unstructured":"Harris DP, Haynes L, Sayles PC et al (2000) Reciprocal regulation of polarized cytokine production by effector B and T cells. Nat Immunol 1:475\u2013482","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10010_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bouwer AL, Saunderson SC, Dunn AC et al (2013) Rapid interferon-gamma release from natural killer cells induced by a streptococcal commensal. 33:459\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/JIR.2012.0116","DOI":"10.1089\/JIR.2012.0116"},{"key":"10010_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12903-021-01606-Z","author":"K MacDonald","year":"2021","unstructured":"MacDonald K, Chanyi R, Macklaim J et al (2021) Streptococcus salivarius inhibits immune activation by periodontal disease pathogens. BMC Oral Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12903-021-01606-Z","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10010_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1365-2672.2006.02837.X","volume":"100","author":"J Burton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Burton J, Chilcott C, Moore C et al (2006) A preliminary study of the effect of probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 on oral malodour parameters. J Appl Microbiol 100:754\u2013764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1365-2672.2006.02837.X","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10010_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.09.61","volume":"4","author":"PA Wescombe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wescombe PA, Heng NCK, Burton JP et al (2009) Streptococcal bacteriocins and the case for Streptococcus salivarius as model oral probiotics. Future Microbiol 4:819\u2013835","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"10010_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02265-06","author":"O Hyink","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hyink O, Wescombe PA, Upton M et al (2007) Salivaricin A2 and the novel lantibiotic salivaricin B are encoded at adjacent loci on a 190-kilobase transmissible megaplasmid in the oral probiotic strain Streptococcus salivarius K12. Appl Environ Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.02265-06","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10010_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.06.038","volume":"49","author":"JP Burton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Burton JP, Cowley S, Simon RR et al (2011) Evaluation of safety and human tolerance of the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Food Chem Toxicol 49:2356\u20132364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2011.06.038","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"}],"container-title":["Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12602-022-10010-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12602-022-10010-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12602-022-10010-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T10:31:11Z","timestamp":1707301871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12602-022-10010-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-022-10010-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1867-1306","1867-1314"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1867-1306","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-1314","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 November 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 December 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Health and Disability Ethics Committee LRS\/09\/02\/002\/AM03.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"G.A.L., L.K.H., J.R.T. and J.D.F.H are\/or were employees of Blis Technologies at the time of this research.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}