{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:20:52Z","timestamp":1790266852769,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Probiotics &amp; Antimicro. Prot."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-024-10390-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T00:55:26Z","timestamp":1732064126000},"page":"4607-4618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Adhesion Properties and Pathogen Inhibition of Vaginal-Derived Lactobacilli"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Pino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaisa","family":"Hiippala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aki","family":"Ronkainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Vaccalluzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Caggia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reetta","family":"Satokari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia Lucia","family":"Randazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10390_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3184","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.0c00444","volume":"9","author":"VW Kelly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kelly VW, Liang BK, Sirk SJ (2020) Living therapeutics: the next frontier of precision medicine. ACS Synth Biol 9(12):3184\u20133201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acssynbio.0c00444","journal-title":"ACS Synth Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10390_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2782","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.004107","volume":"70","author":"J Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng J, Wittouck S, Salvetti E, Franz CMAP, Harris HMB, Mattarelli P, O\u2019Toole PW, Pot B, Vandamme P, Walter J, Watanabe K, Wuyts S, Felis GE, G\u00e4nzle MG, Lebeer S (2020) A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 70(4):2782\u20132858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/ijsem.0.004107","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"10390_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120995","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1120995","volume":"13","author":"A Homayouni Rad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Homayouni Rad A, Pourjafar H, Mirzakhani E (2023) A comprehensive review of the application of probiotics and postbiotics in oral health. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 13:1120995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1120995","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10390_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153894","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1153894","volume":"13","author":"P Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu P, Lu Y, Li R, Chen X (2023) Use of probiotic lactobacilli in the treatment of vaginal infections: in vitro and in vivo investigations. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 13:1153894. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1153894","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10390_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2021.01.003","volume":"29","author":"M Cunningham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cunningham M, Azcarate-Peril MA, Barnard A, Benoit V, Grimaldi R, Guyonnet D, Holscher HD, Hunter K, Manurung S, Obis D, Petrova MI, Steinert RE, Swanson KS, van Sinderen D, Vulevic J, Gibson GR (2021) Shaping the future of probiotics and prebiotics. Trends Microbiol 29(8):667\u2013685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2021.01.003","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10390_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-017-1750-3","volume":"309","author":"M Maguire","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maguire M, Maguire G (2017) The role of microbiota, and probiotics and prebiotics in skin health. Arch Dermatol Res 309(6):411\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00403-017-1750-3","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10390_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3355","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40304-3","volume":"9","author":"A Pino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pino A, Bartolo E, Caggia C, Cianci A, Randazzo CL (2019) Detection of vaginal lactobacilli as probiotic candidates. Sci Rep 9(1):3355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-40304-3","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10390_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2015-202976","volume":"69","author":"A Di Cerbo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Di Cerbo A, Palmieri B, Aponte M, Morales-Medina JC, Iannitti T (2016) Mechanisms and therapeutic effectiveness of lactobacilli. J Clin Pathol 69(3):187\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jclinpath-2015-202976","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10390_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.61.S103","volume":"61","author":"HJ Kang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kang HJ, Im SH (2015) Probiotics as an immune modulator. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 61(Suppl):S103\u2013S105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3177\/jnsv.61.S103","journal-title":"J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10390_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201500290","volume":"59","author":"M G\u00f3mez-Guzm\u00e1n","year":"2015","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Guzm\u00e1n M, Toral M, Romero M, Jim\u00e9nez R, Galindo P, S\u00e1nchez M, Zarzuelo MJ, Olivares M, G\u00e1lvez J, Duarte J (2015) Antihypertensive effects of probiotics Lactobacillus strains in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 59(11):2326\u20132336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mnfr.201500290","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10390_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8121907","volume":"8","author":"M Zommiti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zommiti M, Feuilloley MGJ, Connil N (2020) Update of probiotics in human world: a nonstop source of benefactions till the end of time. Microorganisms 8(12):1907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms8121907","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"6","key":"10390_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-13-00546","volume":"179","author":"JA Mansfield","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mansfield JA, Bergin SW, Cooper JR, Olsen CH (2014) Comparative probiotic strain efficacy in the prevention of eczema in infants and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mil Med 179(6):580\u2013592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7205\/MILMED-D-13-00546","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10390_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI76304","volume":"125","author":"EA Mayer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mayer EA, Tillisch K, Gupta A (2015) Gut\/brain axis and the microbiota. J Clin Invest 125(3):926\u2013938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI76304","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"10","key":"10390_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527313666141130205242","volume":"13","author":"A Slyepchenko","year":"2014","unstructured":"Slyepchenko A, Carvalho AF, Cha DS, Kasper S, McIntyre RS (2014) Gut emotions - mechanisms of action of probiotics as novel therapeutic targets for depression and anxiety disorders. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 13(10):1770\u20131786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1871527313666141130205242","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"10390_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen X, Lu Y, Chen T, Li R (2021) The female vaginal microbiome in health and bacterial vaginosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.631972.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.631972"},{"key":"10390_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu089","volume":"210","author":"JR Schwebke","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schwebke JR, Muzny CA, Josey WE (2014) Role of Gardnerella vaginalis in the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis: a conceptual model. J Infect Dis 210:338\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiu089","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10390_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-022-10019-5","volume":"15","author":"YP Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang YP, Shi JY, Luo SC, Xu SY, Zhang JD, Moln\u00e1r I, Yang QQ, Zhang BB (2023) Antimicrobial substances and mechanisms of Lactobacillus rhamnosus against Gardnerella vaginalis. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 15(2):400\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-022-10019-5","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"10390_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"He Y, Na R, Niu X, Xiao B, Yang H (2021) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus casei affect various stages of Gardnerella species biofilm formation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.568178.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.568178"},{"key":"10390_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-1070","volume":"15","author":"T Ojala","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ojala T, Kankainen M, Castro J, Cerca N, Edelman S, Westerlund-Wikstr\u00f6m B, Paulin L, Holm L, Auvinen P (2014) Comparative genomics of Lactobacillus crispatus suggests novel mechanisms for the competitive exclusion of Gardnerella vaginalis. BMC Genomics 15:1070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2164-15-1070","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"10390_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6010027","volume":"6","author":"HME Willems","year":"2020","unstructured":"Willems HME, Ahmed SS, Liu J, Xu Z, Peters BM (2020) Vulvovaginal candidiasis: a current understanding and burning questions. J Fungi (Basel) 6:27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof6010027","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"10390_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10070859","volume":"10","author":"EWL Chow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chow EWL, Pang LM, Wang Y (2021) From Jekyll to Hyde: the yeast-hyphal transition of Candida albicans. Pathogens 10:859. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens10070859","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10390_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.005","volume":"161","author":"L Xiu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiu L, Sheng S, Hu Z, Liu Y, Li J, Zhang H, Liang Y, Du R, Wang X (2020) Exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus kiferi as adjuvant enhanced the immuno-protective against Staphylococcus aureus infection. Int J Biol Macromol 161:10\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.005","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"19","key":"10390_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0036021","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00360-21","volume":"203","author":"O Abdul-Rahim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdul-Rahim O, Wu Q, Price TK, Pistone G, Diebel K, Bugni TS, Wolfe AJ (2021) Phenyl-lactic acid is an active ingredient in bactericidal supernatants of Lactobacillus crispatus. J Bacteriol 203(19):e0036021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JB.00360-21","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10390_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-022-01963-6","volume":"21","author":"V Croatti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Croatti V, Parolin C, Giordani B, Foschi C, Fedi S, Vitali B (2022) Lactobacilli extracellular vesicles: potential postbiotics to support the vaginal microbiota homeostasis. Microb Cell Fact 21(1):237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12934-022-01963-6","journal-title":"Microb Cell Fact"},{"issue":"11","key":"10390_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31313","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.31313","volume":"14","author":"H Bodke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bodke H, Jogdand S (2022) Role of probiotics in human health. Cureus 14(11):e31313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.31313","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"3","key":"10390_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-024-01155-2","volume":"69","author":"S Nasreen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nasreen S, Ali S, Andleeb S, Summer M, Hussain T, Imdad K, Ara C, Tahir HM (2024) Mechanisms of medicinal, pharmaceutical, and immunomodulatory action of probiotics bacteria and their secondary metabolites against disease management: an overview. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 69(3):549\u2013565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12223-024-01155-2","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol (Praha)"},{"issue":"16","key":"10390_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-019-09978-7","volume":"103","author":"A Monteagudo-Mera","year":"2019","unstructured":"Monteagudo-Mera A, Rastall RA, Gibson GR, Charalampopoulos D, Chatzifragkou A (2019) Adhesion mechanisms mediated by probiotics and prebiotics and their potential impact on human health. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 103(16):6463\u20136472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00253-019-09978-7","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"10390_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Plaza-Diaz J, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Gil-Campos M, Gil A (2019) Mechanisms of action of probiotics. Adv Nutr 10(suppl_1):S49-S66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/advances\/nmy063. Erratum in: Adv Nutr 2020 11(4):1054. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/advances\/nmaa042.","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy063"},{"key":"10390_CR29","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo D, Silva AR, Oliveira R, Campos AM, Barros MM, Rosca AS, Mira NP, Silva SC, Almeida C, Castro J (2024) Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics as antimicrobials: a one-health perspective. In: Lowell T. Duncan (ed) Advances in Health and Disease, Vol. 81, Nova Science Publishers, pp 1\u201362."},{"issue":"5","key":"10390_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-024-10247-x","volume":"16","author":"TF da Silva","year":"2024","unstructured":"da Silva TF, Gl\u00f3ria RA, Americo MF, Freitas ADS, de Jesus LCL, Barroso FAL, Laguna JG, Coelho-Rocha ND, Tavares LM, le Loir Y, Jan G, Gu\u00e9don \u00c9, Azevedo VAC (2024) Unlocking the potential of probiotics: a comprehensive review on research, production, and regulation of probiotics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 16(5):1687\u20131723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-024-10247-x","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"issue":"1","key":"10390_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831339","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1831339","volume":"12","author":"WF van Zyl","year":"2020","unstructured":"van Zyl WF, Deane SM, Dicks LMT (2020) Molecular insights into probiotic mechanisms of action employed against intestinal pathogenic bacteria. Gut Microbes 12(1):1831339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2020.1831339","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"2","key":"10390_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1159\/000342079","volume":"61","author":"M Bermudez-Brito","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bermudez-Brito M, Plaza-D\u00edaz J, Mu\u00f1oz-Quezada S, G\u00f3mez-Llorente C, Gil A (2012) Probiotic mechanisms of action. Ann Nutr Metab 61(2):160\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000342079","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10390_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-4526(08)00601-3","volume":"56","author":"SC Corr","year":"2009","unstructured":"Corr SC, Hill C, Gahan CG (2009) Understanding the mechanisms by which probiotics inhibit gastrointestinal pathogens. Adv Food Nutr Res 56:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1043-4526(08)00601-3","journal-title":"Adv Food Nutr Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10390_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e104511","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104511","volume":"9","author":"JE Bisanz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bisanz JE, Seney S, McMillan A, Vongsa R, Koenig D, Wong L, Dvoracek B, Gloor GB, Sumarah M, Ford B, Herman D, Burton JP, Reid G (2014) A systems biology approach investigating the effect of probiotics on the vaginal microbiome and host responses in a double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of post-menopausal women. PLoS ONE 9(8):e104511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0104511","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"15","key":"10390_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-0971-3","volume":"3","author":"S Pendharkar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pendharkar S, Brandsborg E, Hammarstr\u00f6m L, Marcotte H, Larsson PG (2015) Vaginal colonisation by probiotic lactobacilli and clinical outcome in women conventionally treated for bacterial vaginosis and yeast infection. BMC Infect Dis 3(15):255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-015-0971-3","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10390_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075612","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1075612","volume":"9","author":"AMC Rapisarda","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rapisarda AMC, Pino A, Grimaldi RL, Caggia C, Randazzo CL, Cianci A (2023) Lacticaseibacillusrhamnosus CA15 (DSM 33960) strain as a new driver in restoring the normal vaginal microbiota: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Front Surg 9:1075612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1075612","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"10390_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pino A, Vaccalluzzo A, Caggia C, Balzaretti S, Vanella L, Sorrenti V, Ronkainen A, Satokari R, Randazzo CL (2022) Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CA15 (DSM 33960) as a candidate probiotic strain for human health. Nutrients 19;14(22):4902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14224902.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14224902"},{"key":"10390_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pino A, Rapisarda AMC, Vaccalluzzo A, Sanfilippo RR, Coman MM, Grimaldi RL, Caggia C, Randazzo CL, Russo N, Panella MM, Cianci A, Verdenelli MC (2022) Oral intake of the commercial probiotic blend Synbio\u00ae for the management of vaginal dysbiosis. J Clin Med 20;12(1):27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12010027","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12010027"},{"issue":"1","key":"10390_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-016-4235-2","volume":"295","author":"V Mezzasalma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mezzasalma V, Manfrini E, Ferri E, Boccarusso M, Di Gennaro P, Schiano I, Michelotti A, Labra M (2017) Orally administered multispecies probiotic formulations to prevent uro-genital infections: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 295(1):163\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-016-4235-2","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10390_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2012.05.001","volume":"163","author":"M Strus","year":"2012","unstructured":"Strus M, Chmielarczyk A, Kochan P, Adamski P, Che\u0142micki Z, Che\u0142micki A, Pa\u0142ucha A, Heczko PB (2012) Studies on the effects of probiotic Lactobacillus mixture given orally on vaginal and rectal colonization and on parameters of vaginal health in women with intermediate vaginal flora. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 163(2):210\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2012.05.001","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10390_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123026","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1123026.montea","volume":"13","author":"Z Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun Z, Ge X, Qiu B, Xiang Z, Jiang C, Wu J, Li Y (2023) Vulvovaginal candidiasis and vaginal microflora interaction: microflora changes and probiotic therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 13:1123026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1123026.montea","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10390_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xie HY, Feng D, Wei DM, Mei L, Chen H, Wang X, Fang F (2017) Probiotics for vulvovaginal candidiasis in non-pregnant women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 11(11):CD010496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858"},{"issue":"5","key":"10390_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.5.2001-2005.2000","volume":"66","author":"HL Alakomi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Alakomi HL, Skytt\u00e4 E, Saarela M, Mattila-Sandholm T, Latva-Kala K, Helander IM (2000) Lactic acid permeabilizes gram-negative bacteria by disrupting the outer membrane. Appl Environ Microbiol 66(5):2001\u20132005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.66.5.2001-2005.2000","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10390_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/s0065-2911(08)60017-x","volume":"39","author":"JB Russell","year":"1998","unstructured":"Russell JB, Diez-Gonzalez F (1998) The effects of fermentation acids on bacterial growth. Adv Microb Physiol 39:205\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0065-2911(08)60017-x","journal-title":"Adv Microb Physiol"},{"key":"10390_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.06192-11","volume":"78","author":"S Lebeer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lebeer S, Claes I, Tytgat HLP, Verhoeven TLA, Marien E, von Ossowski I, Reunanen J, Palva A, de Vos WM, De Keersmaecker SCJ, Vanderleyden J (2012) Functional analysis of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG pili in relation to adhesion and immunomodulatory interactions with intestinal epithelial cells. Appl Environ Microbiol 78:185\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.06192-11","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10390_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2013761","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.2013761","volume":"14","author":"K Hiippala","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hiippala K, Khan I, Ronkainen A, Boulund F, V\u00e4h\u00e4-M\u00e4kil\u00e4 H, Suutarinen M, Seifert M, Engstrand L, Satokari R (2022) Novel strain of Pseudoruminococcusmassiliensis possesses traits important in gut adaptation and host-microbe interactions. Gut Microbes 14(1):2013761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2021.2013761","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"11","key":"10390_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3655","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.04050-14","volume":"81","author":"J Reunanen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Reunanen J, Kainulainen V, Huuskonen L, Ottman N, Belzer C, Huhtinen H, de Vos WM, Satokari R (2015) Akkermansiamuciniphila Adheres to enterocytes and strengthens the integrity of the epithelial cell layer. Appl Environ Microbiol 81(11):3655\u20133662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.04050-14","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"40","key":"10390_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17193","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0908876106","volume":"106","author":"M Kankainen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kankainen M, Paulin L, Tynkkynen S, von Ossowski I, Reunanen J, Partanen P, Satokari R, Vesterlund S, Hendrickx AP, Lebeer S, De Keersmaecker SC, Vanderleyden J, H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen T, Laukkanen S, Salovuori N, Ritari J, Alatalo E, Korpela R, Mattila-Sandholm T, Lassig A, Hatakka K, Kinnunen KT, Karjalainen H, Saxelin M, Laakso K, Surakka A, Palva A, Salusj\u00e4rvi T, Auvinen P, de Vos WM (2009) Comparative genomic analysis of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG reveals pili containing a human- mucus binding protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(40):17193\u201317198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0908876106","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"10390_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-020-01464-4","volume":"19","author":"WJY Chee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chee WJY, Chew SY, Than LTL (2020) Vaginal microbiota and the potential of Lactobacillus derivatives in maintaining vaginal health. Microb Cell Fact 19(1):203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12934-020-01464-4","journal-title":"Microb Cell Fact"},{"issue":"7","key":"10390_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10071461","volume":"10","author":"A L\u00f3pez-Moreno","year":"2021","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Moreno A, Aguilera M (2021) Vaginal probiotics for reproductive health and related dysbiosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med 10(7):1461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10071461","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10390_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-200","volume":"11","author":"DE O\u2019Hanlon","year":"2011","unstructured":"O\u2019Hanlon DE, Moench TR, Cone RA (2011) In vaginal fluid, bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis can be suppressed with lactic acid but not hydrogen peroxide. BMC Infect Dis 11:200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-11-200","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10390_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30484","DOI":"10.3402\/mehd.v27.30484","volume":"27","author":"P H\u00fctt","year":"2016","unstructured":"H\u00fctt P, Lapp E, \u0160t\u0161epetova J, Smidt I, Taelma H, Borovkova N, Oopkaup H, Ahelik A, R\u00f6\u00f6p T, Hoidmets D, Samuel K, Salumets A, M\u00e4ndar R (2016) Characterisation of probiotic properties in human vaginal lactobacilli strains. Microb Ecol Health Dis 27:30484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3402\/mehd.v27.30484","journal-title":"Microb Ecol Health Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10390_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-013-3064-9","volume":"289","author":"S Borges","year":"2014","unstructured":"Borges S, Silva J, Teixeira P (2014) The role of lactobacilli and probiotics in maintaining vaginal health. Arch Gynecol Obstet 289(3):479\u2013489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-013-3064-9","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10390_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-021-01292-8","volume":"19","author":"X Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma X, Wu M, Wang C, Li H, Fan A, Wang Y, Han C, Xue F (2022) The pathogenesis of prevalent aerobic bacteria in aerobic vaginitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a narrative review. Reprod Health 19(1):21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12978-021-01292-8","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"10390_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110001","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1110001","volume":"14","author":"K Takada","year":"2023","unstructured":"Takada K, Melnikov VG, Kobayashi R, Komine-Aizawa S, Tsuji NM, Hayakawa S (2023) Female reproductive tract-organ axes. Front Immunol 14:1110001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1110001","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10390_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.07.008","volume":"30","author":"AM Salazar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salazar AM, Neugent ML, De Nisco NJ, Mysorekar IU (2022) Gut-bladder axis enters the stage: implication for recurrent urinary tract infections. Cell Host Microbe 30(8):1066\u20131069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2022.07.008","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"8","key":"10390_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0013-7","volume":"18","author":"BD McDonald","year":"2018","unstructured":"McDonald BD, Jabri B, Bendelac A (2018) Diverse developmental pathways of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. Nat Rev Immunol 18(8):514\u2013525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41577-018-0013-7","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10390_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2021.03.010","volume":"29","author":"MI Petrova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Petrova MI, Reid G, Ter Haar JA (2021) Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1, a.k.a. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1: past and future perspectives. Trends Microbiol 29(8):747\u2013761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2021.03.010","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10390_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003683","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003683","volume":"9","author":"FP Douillard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Douillard FP, Ribbera A, Kant R, Pietil\u00e4 TE, J\u00e4rvinen HM, Messing M, Randazzo CL, Paulin L, Laine P, Ritari J, Caggia C, L\u00e4hteinen T, Brouns SJ, Satokari R, von Ossowski I, Reunanen J, Palva A, de Vos WM (2013) Comparative genomic and functional analysis of 100 Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains and their comparison with strain GG. PLoS Genet 9(8):e1003683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003683","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10390_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.3390\/nu3050613","volume":"3","author":"ML Van Tassell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Van Tassell ML, Miller MJ (2011) Lactobacillus adhesion to mucus. Nutrients 3(5):613\u2013636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu3050613","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"10390_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.04.012","volume":"125","author":"M Candela","year":"2008","unstructured":"Candela M, Perna F, Carnevali P, Vitali B, Ciati R, Gionchetti P, Rizzello F, Campieri M, Brigidi P (2008) Interaction of probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains with human intestinal epithelial cells: adhesion properties, competition against enteropathogens and modulation of IL-8 production. Int J Food Microbiol 125(3):286\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.04.012","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10390_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2005.10.003","volume":"39","author":"M Gueimonde","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gueimonde M, Jalonen L, He F, Hiramatsu M, Salminen S (2006) Adhesion and competitive inhibition and displacement of human enteropathogens by selected lactobacilli. Food Res Int 39(4):467\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodres.2005.10.003","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"10390_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00284","volume":"7","author":"Y He","year":"2020","unstructured":"He Y, Niu X, Wang B, Na R, Xiao B, Yang H (2020) Evaluation of the inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus crispatus on the adhesion of seven common lower genital tract infection-causing pathogens to vaginal epithelial cells. Front Med (Lausanne) 7:284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2020.00284","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10390_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2016.04.007","volume":"79","author":"E Mousavi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mousavi E, Makvandi M, Teimoori A, Ataei A, Ghafari S, Najafian M, Ourang Z, Samarbaf-Zadeh A (2016) In vitro adherence of Lactobacillus strains isolated from the vaginas of healthy Iranian women. J Chin Med Assoc 79(12):665\u2013671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcma.2016.04.007","journal-title":"J Chin Med Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10390_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-014-0524-9","volume":"68","author":"L Ortiz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ortiz L, Ruiz F, Pascual L, Barberis L (2014) Effect of two probiotic strains of Lactobacillus on in vitro adherence of Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Staphylococcus aureus to vaginal epithelial cells. Curr Microbiol 68(6):679\u2013684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00284-014-0524-9","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10390_CR66","first-page":"570","volume":"15","author":"MC Collado","year":"2006","unstructured":"Collado MC, Jalonen L, Meriluoto J, Salminen S (2006) Protection mechanism of probiotic combination against human pathogens: in vitro adhesion to human intestinal mucus. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 15(4):570\u2013575","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10390_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028x-68.12.2672","volume":"68","author":"MC Collado","year":"2005","unstructured":"Collado MC, Gueimonde M, Hern\u00e1ndez M, Sanz Y, Salminen S (2005) Adhesion of selected Bifidobacterium strains to human intestinal mucus and the role of adhesion in enteropathogen exclusion. J Food Prot 68(12):2672\u20132678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4315\/0362-028x-68.12.2672","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"issue":"Pt 10","key":"10390_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.05009-0","volume":"52","author":"YK Lee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lee YK, Puong KY, Ouwehand AC, Salminen S (2003) Displacement of bacterial pathogens from mucus and Caco-2 cell surface by lactobacilli. J Med Microbiol 52(Pt 10):925\u2013930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.05009-0","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10390_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S101","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2002635","volume":"88","author":"YK Lee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lee YK, Puong KY (2002) Competition for adhesion between probiotics and human gastrointestinal pathogens in the presence of carbohydrate. Br J Nutr 88(Suppl 1):S101\u2013S108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/BJN2002635","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"10390_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-019-2730-x","volume":"35","author":"D Alp","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alp D, Kulea\u015fan H (2019) Adhesion mechanisms of lactic acid bacteria: conventional and novel approaches for testing. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 35(10):156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11274-019-2730-x","journal-title":"World J Microbiol Biotechnol"}],"container-title":["Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12602-024-10390-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12602-024-10390-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12602-024-10390-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T12:44:05Z","timestamp":1763642645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12602-024-10390-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10390"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-024-10390-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1867-1306","1867-1314"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1867-1306","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-1314","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 October 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 November 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}