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This study explored the potential benefits of the probiotic strain\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    20174 (\n                    <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), prebiotic\n                    <jats:italic>Asparagus officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>A. officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) extract, or their synbiotic combination against HFD-induced cognitive dysfunction and neurodegeneration in rats. Male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were fed either a normal diet or an HFD for 24\u00a0weeks. Starting from week 13, rats on either diet were divided into vehicle-, prebiotic-, probiotic-, and synbiotic-treated subgroups. Rats received their assigned intervention for 12 more weeks. Prebiotic, probiotic, or synbiotic treatment reverted HFD-instigated alterations in hippocampal amyloid beta, p-tau, \u03b1-synuclein, and BDNF levels, leading to restored cognitive function. The tested therapies also improved the HFD-disrupted lipid profile. Interestingly, probiotic and synbiotic therapies attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation, reinstated neurotransmitter balance,\u00a0and mitigated the energy deficit in HFD-fed rats. Furthermore,\n                    <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Asparagus<\/jats:italic>\n                    administration modulated gut microbiota composition by raising\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0species and reducing Coliform and\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococci<\/jats:italic>\n                    bacteria as well as fungi populations. These findings suggest that the oral consumption of\n                    <jats:italic>A. officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    prebiotics and\/or\n                    <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    probiotics alleviates HFD-induced cognitive deficit and neurodegeneration through modulation of the gut-brain axis with superior restorative effects being achieved by synbiotic treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-024-10429-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T16:10:18Z","timestamp":1736266218000},"page":"4984-5011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Oral Supplements of Combined Lactobacillus plantarum and Asparagus officinalis Modulate Gut Microbiota and Alleviate High-Fat Diet\u2013Induced Cognitive Deficits and Neurodegeneration in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9746-5335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy N.","family":"Shahin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1020-5777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar A.","family":"Ahmed\u2010Farid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6657-7553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ebtehag A. 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