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Two monitoring were carried out, before and after 1\u00a0month of the application of products, in order to assess the strength (number of bees, amount of brood, brood survival, and pollen\/honey reserves) and sanitary status (<jats:italic>V. destructor<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>N. ceranae<\/jats:italic> infestation levels) of the colonies. Firstly, the results obtained in autumn experience showed a reduction of both pathogens in supplemented group. On the other hand, in spring, the combination of protein and postbiotics enhanced the brood survival and honey yield, and decreased the <jats:italic>V. destructor<\/jats:italic> infestation. Thus, the combined use of protein and postbiotics as feed supplements could be an important tool to improve the sanitary status after the cold season, and to increase the strength and production of beehives in spring, unifying the benefits of both supplements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-025-10489-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T10:06:53Z","timestamp":1740391613000},"page":"3630-3640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of Combined Use of Protein and Postbiotics Feed Supplements in Honey Beehives in Autumn and Spring"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Eduardo J.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Vicente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Benito-Murcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noelia","family":"Hermosilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Risco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"10489_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5967.2008.00170.x","volume":"38","author":"H Hoshiba","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hoshiba H, Sasaki M (2008) Perspectives of multi-modal contribution of honeybee resources to our life. 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