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Twenty C57BL\/6\u00a0J mice received 50 \u00b5L of\n                    <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    suspension (1.5\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0CFU\/mL) with or without 50 \u00b5L of\n                    <jats:italic>Am<\/jats:italic>\n                    suspension (1.5\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0CFU\/mL) orally every 2\u00a0days for a total of 18 administrations to assess bone resorption and inflammation. Gingival cervical fluid and periodontal plaques were collected for microbiota analysis using 16S sequencing. THP-1 (a human leukemia monocytic cell line) differentiated macrophages were used to explore the underlying beneficial mechanisms of\n                    <jats:italic>Am<\/jats:italic>\n                    by evaluating gene expression, cytokine production, and phagocytosis activity.\n                    <jats:italic>Am<\/jats:italic>\n                    administration attenuated alveolar bone loss and reduced inflammation in\n                    <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    -induced periodontitis in mice. Microbiota analysis revealed that\n                    <jats:italic>Am<\/jats:italic>\n                    reduced bacterial load and modified the composition of periodontal microbiota. In THP-1 macrophages,\n                    <jats:italic>Am<\/jats:italic>\n                    enhanced the phagocytosis of\n                    <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    by restoring MyD88 protein levels. RNA sequencing and western blotting results showed that\n                    <jats:italic>Am<\/jats:italic>\n                    upregulated TLR2 and MyD88 expression while downregulating C5aR, indicating interference with the TLR2-C5aR-MyD88 interplay.\n                    <jats:italic>Am<\/jats:italic>\n                    enhances immune defense against\n                    <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    -induced periodontal disease by modulating the TLR2-C5aR-MyD88 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>Am<\/jats:italic>\n                    could be a promising therapeutic option for managing periodontal disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-025-10541-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T06:17:42Z","timestamp":1745907462000},"page":"666-680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Akkermansia muciniphila Alleviates Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced Periodontal Disease by Enhancing Bacterial Clearance"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Qin","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wai Keung","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aneesha","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Pelekos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"10541_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liccardo D, Cannavo A, Spagnuolo G, Ferrara N, Cittadini A, Rengo C, and Rengo G (2019) Periodontal disease: a risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. 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