{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T05:27:04Z","timestamp":1788326824534,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot."],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-025-10767-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T02:33:14Z","timestamp":1788316394000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Role of Probiotics in Colitis Management: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential from Animal Studies"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Mihad","family":"Omer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omer I.","family":"Omer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim O.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7346","key":"10767_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09944","volume":"473","author":"M Arumugam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arumugam M, Raes J, Pelletier E, Le Paslier D, Yamada T, Mende DR, Fernandes GR, Tap J, Bruls T, Batto J-M (2011) Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature 473(7346):174\u2013180","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"10767_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20160510","volume":"474","author":"E Thursby","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thursby E, Juge N (2017) Introduction to the human gut microbiota. Biochem J 474(11):1823\u20131836","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10767_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.10.007","volume":"69","author":"JM Natividad","year":"2013","unstructured":"Natividad JM, Verdu EF (2013) Modulation of intestinal barrier by intestinal microbiota: pathological and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Res 69(1):42\u201351","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10767_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R036012","volume":"54","author":"G Den Besten","year":"2013","unstructured":"Den Besten G, Van Eunen K, Groen AK, Venema K, Reijngoud D-J, Bakker BM (2013) The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism. J Lipid Res 54(9):2325\u20132340","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"7610","key":"10767_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18849","volume":"535","author":"AJ B\u00e4umler","year":"2016","unstructured":"B\u00e4umler AJ, Sperandio V (2016) Interactions between the microbiota and pathogenic bacteria in the gut. Nature 535(7610):85\u201393","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6285","key":"10767_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad9378","volume":"352","author":"T Gensollen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gensollen T, Iyer SS, Kasper DL, Blumberg RS (2016) How colonization by microbiota in early life shapes the immune system. Science 352(6285):539\u2013544","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10767_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i1.5","volume":"24","author":"Z-H Shen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shen Z-H, Zhu C-X, Quan Y-S, Yang Z-Y, Wu S, Luo W-W, Tan B, Wang X-Y (2018) Relationship between intestinal microbiota and ulcerative colitis: mechanisms and clinical application of probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 24(1):5\u201314","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10767_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00014-21","author":"J Zou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zou J, Liu C, Jiang S, Qian D, Duan J (2021) Cross talk between gut microbiota and intestinal mucosal immunity in the development of ulcerative colitis. Infect Immun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.00014-21","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10767_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03296-9","volume":"20","author":"P Gebrayel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gebrayel P, Nicco C, Al Khodor S, Bilinski J, Caselli E, Comelli EM, Egert M, Giaroni C, Karpinski TM, Loniewski I (2022) Microbiota medicine: towards clinical revolution. J Transl Med 20(1):1\u201320","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"10767_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1268041","author":"A Jadhav","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jadhav A, Jagtap S, Vyavahare S, Sharbidre A, Kunchiraman B (2023) Reviewing the potential of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics: advancements in treatment of ulcerative colitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1268041","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"6601","key":"10767_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abp9960","volume":"377","author":"J-Y Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee J-Y, Tsolis RM, B\u00e4umler AJ (2022) The microbiome and gut homeostasis. Science 377(6601):eabp9960","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10767_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-017-1059-6","volume":"17","author":"OH Sundin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sundin OH, Mendoza-Ladd A, Zeng M, Diaz-Ar\u00e9valo D, Morales E, Fagan BM, Ordo\u00f1ez J, Velez P, Antony N, McCallum RW (2017) The human jejunum has an endogenous microbiota that differs from those in the oral cavity and colon. BMC Microbiol 17:1\u201317","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10767_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1264\/jsme2.ME17017","volume":"32","author":"ET Hillman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hillman ET, Lu H, Yao T, Nakatsu CH (2017) Microbial ecology along the gastrointestinal tract. Microbes Environ 32(4):300\u2013313","journal-title":"Microbes Environ"},{"issue":"16","key":"10767_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4170","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1718635115","volume":"115","author":"ES Friedman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Friedman ES, Bittinger K, Esipova TV, Hou L, Chau L, Jiang J, Mesaros C, Lund PJ, Liang X, FitzGerald GA (2018) Microbes vs. chemistry in the origin of the anaerobic gut lumen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115(16):4170\u20134175","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10767_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00960-16","author":"F Rivera-Ch\u00e1vez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rivera-Ch\u00e1vez F, Lopez CA, Zhang LF, Garc\u00eda-Pastor L, Ch\u00e1vez-Arroyo A, Lokken KL, Tsolis RM, Winter SE, B\u00e4umler AJ (2016) Energy taxis toward host-derived nitrate supports a Salmonella pathogenicity island 1-independent mechanism of invasion. MBio. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.00960-16","journal-title":"MBio"},{"issue":"5","key":"10767_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.07.020","volume":"147","author":"L Albenberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Albenberg L, Esipova TV, Judge CP, Bittinger K, Chen J, Laughlin A, Grunberg S, Baldassano RN, Lewis JD, Li H (2014) Correlation between intraluminal oxygen gradient and radial partitioning of intestinal microbiota. Gastroenterology 147(5):1055\u20131063 (e8)","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10767_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2013.80","volume":"7","author":"L Rigottier-Gois","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rigottier-Gois L (2013) Dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel diseases: the oxygen hypothesis. ISME J 7(7):1256\u20131261","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"10767_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2017.07.003","volume":"39","author":"Y Litvak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Litvak Y, Byndloss MX, Tsolis RM, B\u00e4umler AJ (2017) Dysbiotic Proteobacteria expansion: a microbial signature of epithelial dysfunction. Curr Opin Microbiol 39:1\u20136","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10767_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15081815","volume":"15","author":"A Pellegrino","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pellegrino A, Coppola G, Santopaolo F, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR (2023) Role of Akkermansia in human diseases: from causation to therapeutic properties. Nutrients 15(8):1815","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10767_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104344","volume":"149","author":"HE Leylabadlo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leylabadlo HE, Ghotaslou R, Feizabadi MM, Farajnia S, Moaddab SY, Ganbarov K, Khodadadi E, Tanomand A, Sheykhsaran E, Yousefi B (2020) The critical role of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in human health: an overview. Microb Pathog 149:104344","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"7480","key":"10767_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12721","volume":"504","author":"Y Furusawa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Furusawa Y, Obata Y, Fukuda S, Endo TA, Nakato G, Takahashi D, Nakanishi Y, Uetake C, Kato K, Kato T (2013) Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells. Nature 504(7480):446\u2013450","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"10767_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0927-9","volume":"9","author":"L Yu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yu L, Yang F, Zhang F, Guo D, Li L, Wang X, Liang T, Wang J, Cai Z, Jin H (2018) CD69 enhances immunosuppressive function of regulatory T-cells and attenuates colitis by prompting IL-10 production. Cell Death Dis 9(9):905","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"48","key":"10767_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18177","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i48.18177","volume":"20","author":"L-J Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li L-J, Gong C, Zhao M-H, Feng B-S (2014) Role of interleukin-22 in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol: WJG 20(48):18177","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol: WJG"},{"issue":"4","key":"10767_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15260","volume":"36","author":"B Nadalian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nadalian B, Yadegar A, Houri H, Olfatifar M, Shahrokh S, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Suzuki H, Zali MR (2021) Prevalence of the pathobiont adherent-invasive Escherichia coli and inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 36(4):852\u2013863","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10767_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314903","volume":"67","author":"C Palmela","year":"2018","unstructured":"Palmela C, Chevarin C, Xu Z, Torres J, Sevrin G, Hirten R, Barnich N, Ng SC, Colombel J-F (2018) Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 67(3):574\u2013587","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"10767_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.01.002","volume":"29","author":"M Viladomiu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Viladomiu M, Metz ML, Lima SF, Jin W-B, Chou L, Guo C-J, Diehl GE, Simpson KW, Scherl EJ, Longman RS (2021) Adherent-invasive E. coli metabolism of propanediol in Crohn\u2019s disease regulates phagocytes to drive intestinal inflammation. Cell Host Microbe 29(4):607\u2013619.e8","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"2","key":"10767_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1586\/eci.11.96","volume":"8","author":"A Raza","year":"2012","unstructured":"Raza A, Yousaf W, Giannella R, Shata MT (2012) Th17 cells: interactions with predisposing factors in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 8(2):161\u2013168","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10767_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8813558","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8813558","volume":"1","author":"J-b Yan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yan J-b, Luo M-m, Chen Z-y (2020) He B-h (2020) The function and role of the Th17\/Treg cell balance in inflammatory bowel disease. J Immunol Res 1:8813558","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"10767_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1055914","volume":"13","author":"L Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen L, Ruan G, Cheng Y, Yi A, Chen D, Wei Y (2023) The role of Th17 cells in inflammatory bowel disease and the research progress. Front Immunol 13:1055914","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10767_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.758730","volume":"12","author":"J Yan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yan J, Yu J, Liu K, Liu Y, Mao C, Gao W (2021) The pathogenic roles of IL-22 in colitis: its transcription regulation by musculin in T helper subsets and innate lymphoid cells. Front Immunol 12:758730","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10767_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.193.9.1027","volume":"193","author":"GT Furuta","year":"2001","unstructured":"Furuta GT, Turner JR, Taylor CT, Hershberg RM, Comerford K, Narravula S, Podolsky DK, Colgan SP (2001) Hypoxia-inducible factor 1\u2013dependent induction of intestinal trefoil factor protects barrier function during hypoxia. J Exp Med 193(9):1027\u20131034","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10767_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(82)80339-9","volume":"83","author":"W Roediger","year":"1982","unstructured":"Roediger W (1982) Utilization of nutrients by isolated epithelial cells of the rat colon. Gastroenterology 83(2):424\u2013429","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10767_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046589","author":"DR Donohoe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Donohoe DR, Wali A, Brylawski BP, Bultman SJ (2012) Microbial regulation of glucose metabolism and cell-cycle progression in mammalian colonocytes. PLoS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0046589","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10767_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00598","volume":"8","author":"Q Mu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mu Q, Kirby J, Reilly CM, Luo XM (2017) Leaky gut as a danger signal for autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 8:269575","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10767_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00538-7","volume":"21","author":"CA Akdis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akdis CA (2021) Does the epithelial barrier hypothesis explain the increase in allergy, autoimmunity and other chronic conditions? Nat Rev Immunol 21(11):739\u2013751","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10767_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.2174\/18715281113129990053","volume":"12","author":"D Laveti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Laveti D, Kumar M, Hemalatha R, Sistla R, Naidu Gm V, Talla V, Verma V, Kaur N, Nagpal R (2013) Anti-inflammatory treatments for chronic diseases: a review. Inflamm Allergy-Drug Targets 12(5):349\u2013361","journal-title":"Inflamm Allergy-Drug Targets"},{"issue":"8","key":"10767_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66","volume":"11","author":"C Hill","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G, Gibson GR, Merenstein DJ, Pot B, Morelli L, Canani RB, Flint HJ, Salminen S (2014) The international scientific association for probiotics and prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 11(8):506\u2013514","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10767_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s13199-018-0580-1","volume":"77","author":"A Chauhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chauhan A, Singh R (2019) Probiotics in aquaculture: a promising emerging alternative approach. Symbiosis 77(2):99\u2013113","journal-title":"Symbiosis"},{"issue":"14","key":"10767_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v29.i14.2078","volume":"29","author":"S Roy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roy S, Dhaneshwar S (2023) Role of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in management of inflammatory bowel disease: current perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 29(14):2078","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10767_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2019.05.010","volume":"135","author":"K Halloran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Halloran K, Underwood MA (2019) Probiotic mechanisms of action. Early Hum Dev 135:58\u201365","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"10767_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy063","volume":"10","author":"J Plaza-Diaz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Plaza-Diaz J, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Gil-Campos M, Gil A (2019) Mechanisms of action of probiotics. Adv Nutr 10(suppl_1):S49\u2013S66","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"10767_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117308","volume":"253","author":"J Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu J, Zhang Y, Ye L, Wang C (2021) The anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of lactic acid bacteria exopolysaccharides in vitro: a review. Carbohydr Polym 253:117308","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"issue":"2","key":"10767_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12020234","volume":"12","author":"N-M Maftei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Maftei N-M, Raileanu CR, Balta AA, Ambrose L, Boev M, Marin DB, Lisa EL (2024) The potential impact of probiotics on human health: an update on their health-promoting properties. Microorganisms 12(2):234","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10767_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01818","volume":"9","author":"E Ring\u00f8","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ring\u00f8 E, Hoseinifar SH, Ghosh K, Doan HV, Beck BR, Song SK (2018) Lactic acid bacteria in finfish\u2014an update. Front Microbiol 9:1818","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10767_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abedin MM, Chourasia R, Phukon LC, Sarkar P, Ray RC, Singh SP, Rai AK (2023) Lactic acid bacteria in the functional food industry: Biotechnological properties and potential applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1\u201319","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2023.2227896"},{"key":"10767_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li X, Ring\u00f8 E, Hoseinifar S, Lauzon H, Birkbeck H, Yang D (2018) Adherence and colonisation of microorganisms in the fish gastrointestinal tract. Rev Aquacult","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12248"},{"key":"10767_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202300586","author":"P Madjirebaye","year":"2024","unstructured":"Madjirebaye P, Peng F, Mueed A, Huang T, Mahamat B, Pahane MM, Xi Q, Chen X, Moussa K, Kadebe ZT (2024) Exploring impact of probiotic-fermented soymilk on dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced ulcerative colitis via modulating inflammation and gut microbiota profile. Mol Nutr Food Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mnfr.202300586","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10767_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11101436","volume":"11","author":"Y Meng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meng Y, Zhang L, Li P, Yu J, Mu G, Li X, Tuo Y (2022) Saccharomyces cerevisiae I4 showed alleviating effects on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis of Balb\/c mice. Foods 11(10):1436","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10767_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1204122","volume":"14","author":"H Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao H, Li Y, Xu J, Zuo X, Yue T, Xu H, Sun J, Wang M, Ye T, Yu Y (2023) Saccharomyces boulardii protects against murine experimental colitis by reshaping the gut microbiome and its metabolic profile. Front Microbiol 14:1204122","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10767_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6687","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33958-7","volume":"13","author":"BJ Kil","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kil BJ, Pyung YJ, Park H, Kang J-W, Yun C-H, Huh CS (2023) Probiotic potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae GILA with alleviating intestinal inflammation in a dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis mouse model. Sci Rep 13(1):6687","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10767_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41538-024-00339-x","volume":"8","author":"H Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang H, Pan Y, Jiang Y, Chen M, Ma X, Yu X, Ren D, Jiang B (2024) Akkermansia muciniphila ONE effectively ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. NPJ Sci Food 8(1):97","journal-title":"NPJ Sci Food"},{"key":"10767_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1302998","author":"S Deng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deng S, Pei C, Cai K, Huang W, Xiao X, Zhang X, Liang R, Chen Y, Xie Z, Li P (2024) Lactobacillus acidophilus and its metabolite ursodeoxycholic acid ameliorate ulcerative colitis by promoting Treg differentiation and inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization. Front Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1302998","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10767_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-022-01411-z","volume":"12","author":"Y Dong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dong Y, Liao W, Tang J, Fei T, Gai Z, Han M (2022) Bifidobacterium BLa80 mitigates colitis by altering gut microbiota and alleviating inflammation. AMB Express 12(1):67","journal-title":"AMB Express"},{"issue":"1","key":"10767_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO03263E","volume":"14","author":"M Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li M, Ding J, Stanton C, Ross RP, Zhao J, Yang B, Chen W (2023) Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis FJSYZ1M3 ameliorates DSS-induced colitis by maintaining the intestinal barrier, regulating inflammatory cytokines, and modifying gut microbiota. Food Funct 14(1):354\u2013368","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"issue":"7","key":"10767_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12071379","volume":"12","author":"J Lao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lao J, Yan S, Yong Y, Li Y, Wen Z, Zhang X, Ju X, Li Y (2024) Lacticaseibacillus casei IB1 alleviates DSS-induced inflammatory bowel disease by regulating the microbiota and restoring the intestinal epithelial barrier. Microorganisms 12(7):1379","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"1","key":"10767_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010139","volume":"15","author":"S Cheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheng S, Li H, Huang Y, Su Y, Li Y, Jia A, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Man C (2022) Lactobacillus gasseri JM1 isolated from infant feces alleviates colitis in mice via protecting the intestinal barrier. Nutrients 15(1):139","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"18","key":"10767_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14183745","volume":"14","author":"W-Q Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang W-Q, Quan K-Y, Feng C-J, Zhang T, He Q-W, Kwok L-Y, Chen Y-F (2022) The Lactobacillus gasseri G098 strain mitigates symptoms of DSS-induced inflammatory bowel disease in mice. Nutrients 14(18):3745","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10767_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010575","volume":"25","author":"H-J Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim H-J, Jeon H-J, Kim J-Y, Shim J-J, Lee J-H (2024) Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HY7718 improves intestinal integrity in a DSS-induced ulcerative colitis mouse model by suppressing inflammation through modulation of the gut microbiota. Int J Mol Sci 25(1):575","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10767_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.575173","volume":"11","author":"P Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu P, Ke C, Guo J, Zhang X, Li B (2020) Lactobacillus plantarum L15 alleviates colitis by inhibiting LPS-mediated NF-\u03baB activation and ameliorates DSS-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. Front Immunol 11:575173","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10767_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4143","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.12414","volume":"103","author":"R Ren","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ren R, Zhao AQ, Chen L, Wu S, Hung WL, Wang B (2023) Therapeutic effect of Lactobacillus plantarum JS19 on mice with dextran sulfate sodium induced acute and chronic ulcerative colitis. J Sci Food Agric 103(8):4143\u20134156","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"},{"issue":"10","key":"10767_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5816","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.13410","volume":"104","author":"A Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li A, Liu A, Wang J, Song H, Luo P, Zhan M, Zhou X, Chen L, Zhang L (2024) The prophylaxis functions of Lactobacillus fermentum GLF-217 and Lactobacillus plantarum FLP-215 on ulcerative colitis via modulating gut microbiota of mice. J Sci Food Agric 104(10):5816\u20135825","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"},{"issue":"6","key":"10767_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01651","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01651-22","volume":"10","author":"Y Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu Y, Jha R, Li A, Liu H, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Zhai Q, Zhang J (2022) Probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum HNU082) supplementation relieves ulcerative colitis by affecting intestinal barrier functions, immunity-related gene expression, gut microbiota, and metabolic pathways in mice. Microbiol Spectr 10(6):e01651\u2013e01722","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"10767_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1137701","volume":"14","author":"Q Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Q, Jian W, Wang L, Yang S, Niu Y, Xie S, Hayer K, Chen K, Zhang Y, Guo Y (2023) Alleviation of DSS-induced colitis in mice by a new-isolated Lactobacillus acidophilus C4. Front Microbiol 14:1137701","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10767_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2023.105995","volume":"112","author":"A Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li A, Zhang L, Chen L, Wang J, Liu A, Luo P, Zhan M, Zhou X, Chen L, Zhang J (2024) Lactobacillus fermentum CKCC1858 and Lactobacillus plantarum CKCC1312 ameliorate the symptoms of ulcerative colitis in mouse model induced by dextran sulfate sodium. J Funct Foods 112:105995","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10767_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2145843","volume":"14","author":"D-J-C Jia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jia D-J-C, Wang Q-W, Hu Y-Y, He J-M, Ge Q-W, Qi Y-D, Chen L-Y, Zhang Y, Fan L-N, Lin Y-F (2022) Lactobacillus johnsonii alleviates colitis by TLR1\/2-STAT3 mediated CD206+ macrophages IL-10 activation. Gut Microbes 14(1):2145843","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"48","key":"10767_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14593","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c06176","volume":"69","author":"Y Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen Y, Chen H, Ding J, Stanton C, Ross RP, Zhao J, Zhang H, Yang B, Chen W (2021) Bifidobacterium longum ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by producing conjugated linoleic acid, protecting intestinal mechanical barrier, restoring unbalanced gut microbiota, and regulating the toll-like receptor-4\/nuclear factor-\u03bab signaling pathway. J Agric Food Chem 69(48):14593\u201314608","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"10767_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c06894","volume":"71","author":"Q Cui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cui Q, Zhang Z, Tian X, Liang X, Lu Y, Shi Y, Kuerman M, Wang R, zhou Y, Gong P (2023) Bifidobacterium bifidum ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating AHR\/NRF2\/NLRP3 inflammasome pathways through indole-3-lactic acid production. J Agric Food Chem 71(4):1970\u20131981","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"15","key":"10767_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14153212","volume":"14","author":"RM Gadaleta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gadaleta RM, Cariello M, Crudele L, Moschetta A (2022) Bile salt hydrolase-competent probiotics in the management of IBD: unlocking the \u201cbile acid code.\u201d Nutrients 14(15):3212","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10767_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S237","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-S355","volume":"32","author":"B Staels","year":"2009","unstructured":"Staels B, Fonseca VA (2009) Bile acids and metabolic regulation: mechanisms and clinical responses to bile acid sequestration. Diabetes Care 32(Suppl 2):S237","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6704","key":"10767_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adq2341","volume":"385","author":"L Yao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yao L (2024) Breaking boundaries: bacteria act as architects of host T cell modulators using bile acids. Science 385(6704):37\u201337","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7785","key":"10767_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1785-z","volume":"576","author":"S Hang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hang S, Paik D, Yao L, Kim E, Trinath J, Lu J, Ha S, Nelson BN, Kelly SP, Wu L (2019) Bile acid metabolites control TH17 and Treg cell differentiation. Nature 576(7785):143\u2013148","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10767_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1277102","volume":"14","author":"Y Fu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fu Y, Lyu J, Wang S (2023) The role of intestinal microbes on intestinal barrier function and host immunity from a metabolite perspective. Front Immunol 14:1277102","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10767_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.02.004","volume":"30","author":"J Cai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cai J, Sun L, Gonzalez FJ (2022) Gut microbiota-derived bile acids in intestinal immunity, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. Cell Host Microbe 30(3):289\u2013300","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"13","key":"10767_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14132664","volume":"14","author":"F Di Vincenzo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Di Vincenzo F, Puca P, Lopetuso LR, Petito V, Masi L, Bartocci B, Murgiano M, De Felice M, Petronio L, Gasbarrini A (2022) Bile acid-related regulation of mucosal inflammation and intestinal motility: from pathogenesis to therapeutic application in IBD and microscopic colitis. Nutrients 14(13):2664","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10767_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848211018098","volume":"14","author":"R Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun R, Xu C, Feng B, Gao X, Liu Z (2021) Critical roles of bile acids in regulating intestinal mucosal immune responses. Ther Adv Gastroenterol 14:17562848211018098","journal-title":"Ther Adv Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"26","key":"10767_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14713","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c01758","volume":"72","author":"Q Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen Q, Fang Z, Yang Z, Xv X, Yang M, Hou H, Li Z, Chen Y, Gong A (2024) Lactobacillus plantarum-derived extracellular vesicles modulate macrophage polarization and gut homeostasis for alleviating ulcerative colitis. J Agric Food Chem 72(26):14713\u201314726","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"13","key":"10767_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202200884","volume":"67","author":"L Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma L, Lyu W, Song Y, Chen K, Lv L, Yang H, Wang W, Xiao Y (2023) Anti-inflammatory effect of clostridium butyricum-derived extracellular vesicles in ulcerative colitis: impact on host microRNAs expressions and gut microbiome profiles. Mol Nutr Food Res 67(13):2200884","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"10767_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10171","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO02303B","volume":"13","author":"Y Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu Y, Li A, Liu H, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Ma C, Zhang L, Zhang J (2022) Lactobacillus plantarum HNU082 alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice through regulating gut microbiome. Food Funct 13(19):10171\u201310185","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"issue":"5","key":"10767_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.2022-0252-RR","volume":"37","author":"M Zong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zong M, Chang C, Anjum R, Xu H, Guo Y, Pan D, Wu Z (2023) Multifunctional LPxTG-motif surface protein derived from Limosilactobacillus reuteri SH 23 in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis of mice. FASEB J 37(5):e22895","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"41","key":"10767_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14951","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c00278","volume":"71","author":"Z Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu Z, He J, Zhang Z, Li J, Zou H, Tan X, Wang Y, Yao Y, Xiong W (2023) Propionic acid driven by the Lactobacillus johnsonii culture supernatant alleviates colitis by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization by modulating the MAPK pathway in mice. J Agric Food Chem 71(41):14951\u201314966","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"7","key":"10767_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3765","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO04419J","volume":"15","author":"C Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu C, Qi X, Liu X, Sun Y, Mao K, Shen G, Ma Y, Li Q (2024) Anti-inflammatory probiotics HF05 and HF06 synergistically alleviate ulcerative colitis and secondary liver injury. Food Funct 15(7):3765\u20133777","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"issue":"3","key":"10767_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.06.049","volume":"127","author":"J Bassaganya-Riera","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bassaganya-Riera J, Reynolds K, Martino-Catt S, Cui Y, Hennighausen L, Gonzalez F, Rohrer J, Benninghoff AU, Hontecillas R (2004) Activation of PPAR \u03b3 and \u03b4 by conjugated linoleic acid mediates protection from experimental inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 127(3):777\u2013791","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10767_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3124","volume":"11","author":"F Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu F, Wuri G, Fang B, Shi M, Zhang M, Zhao L (2023) Alleviative mechanism and effect of Bifidobacterium animalis A6 on dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Food Sci Nutr 11(2):892\u2013902","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"10767_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan Y, Kolachala V, Dalmasso G, Nguyen H, Laroui H, Sitaraman SV, Merlin D (2009) Temporal and spatial analysis of clinical and molecular parameters in dextran sodium sulfate induced colitis. PloS one 4(6):e6073","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006073"},{"key":"10767_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohebali N, Weigel M, Hain T, S\u00fctel M, Bull J, Kreikemeyer B, Breitr\u00fcck A (2023) Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides faecis and Roseburia intestinalis attenuate clinical symptoms of experimental colitis by regulating Treg\/Th17 cell balance and intestinal barrier integrity. Biomed Pharmacother 167:115568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115568"}],"container-title":["Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12602-025-10767-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12602-025-10767-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12602-025-10767-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T05:05:31Z","timestamp":1788325531000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12602-025-10767-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"references-count":85,"alternative-id":["10767"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-025-10767-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1867-1306","1867-1314"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1867-1306","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-1314","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}