{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T04:17:18Z","timestamp":1783397838042,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002386","name":"Cairo University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Probiotics &amp; Antimicro. Prot."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Apilactobacillus kunkeei<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a fructophilic lactic acid bacterium (FLAB) associated with the honeybee microbiota, has recently gained attention as an unconventional probiotic source. This study evaluated the probiotic, safety, and technological properties of\n                    <jats:italic>A. kunkeei<\/jats:italic>\n                    EABW06, isolated from beeswax, to assess its potential for human and biotechnological applications.\n                    <jats:italic>A. kunkeei<\/jats:italic>\n                    EABW06 demonstrated gastrointestinal resilience, with &gt;\u200996% survival at pH 3.0 and tolerance to 0.3\u20130.7% bile salts. It exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    O157:H7,\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella typhi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Clostridioides difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Additionally,\n                    <jats:italic>A. kunkeei<\/jats:italic>\n                    EABW06 inhibited fungal pathogens including\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus flavus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . HPLC analysis revealed acetic, lactic, butyric, and propionic acids as dominant metabolites, correlating with its antimicrobial effects. Safety assessments confirmed no hemolysis, non-cytotoxicity to Caco-2 cells, and sensitivity to clinically relevant antibiotics. In milk fermentation trials,\n                    <jats:italic>A. kunkeei<\/jats:italic>\n                    EABW06 reduced pH to 4.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1, produced 0.98\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03% lactic acid (titratable acidity), and exhibited proteolytic activity (0.384\u2009\u00b1\u20090.002) measured by spectrophotometric quantification. In conclusion,\n                    <jats:italic>A. kunkeei<\/jats:italic>\n                    EABW06 is a safe, robust probiotic candidate with potential applications in biopreservation and dairy biotechnology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-025-10817-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T09:12:47Z","timestamp":1762852367000},"page":"5428-5442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Probiotic Apilactobacillus Kunkeei EABW06 from Beeswax Microbiota:\u00a0A Candidate for Functional Dairy Foods"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Mariam","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasser Essam","family":"Elenany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwak Abdel-Moneim","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noha A.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"10817_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1216674","author":"A Latif","year":"2023","unstructured":"Latif A, Shehzad A, Niazi S, Zahid A, Ashraf W, Iqbal MW et al (2023) Probiotics: mechanism of action, health benefits and their application in food industries. Front Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1216674","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10817_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2025.104097","volume":"129","author":"Y Sayed","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sayed Y, Hassan M, Salem HM, Al-Amry K, Eid G (2025) Probiotics\/prebiotics effect on chicken gut microbiota and immunity in relation to heat-stress and climate-change mitigation. J Therm Biol 129:104097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2025.104097","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"10817_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-024-10258-8","volume":"17","author":"T Aziz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Aziz T, Hangyu H, Naveed M, Shabbir MA, Sarwar A, Nasbeeb J et al (2025) Genotypic profiling, functional analysis, cholesterol-lowering ability, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K25 via different approaches. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 17:1782\u20131796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-024-10258-8","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"10817_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang R, Wang K, Hu J (2016) Effect of probiotics on depression: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu8080483","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8080483"},{"key":"10817_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.03.023","volume":"102","author":"RT Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu RT, Walsh RFL, Sheehan AE (2019) Prebiotics and probiotics for depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews 102:13\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.03.023","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10817_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nami Y, Panahi B, Jalaly HM, Rostampour M, Hejazi MA (2024) Probiotic characterization of LAB isolated from sourdough and different traditional dairy products using Biochemical, molecular and computational approaches. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-024-10234-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-024-10234-2"},{"key":"10817_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1600266","volume":"375","author":"SV Lynch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lynch SV, Pedersen O (2016) The human intestinal Microbiome in health and disease. N Engl J Med 375:2369\u20132379","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10817_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.09.036","volume":"109","author":"J Nagpal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nagpal J, Cryan JF (2021) Microbiota-brain interactions: moving toward mechanisms in model organisms. Neuron 109:3930\u20133953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.09.036","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10817_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-69515-z","volume":"14","author":"N Ul Ain","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ul Ain N, Naveed M, Aziz T, Shabbir MA, Al Asmari F, Abdi G et al (2024) Mix-match synthesis of nanosynbiotics from probiotics and prebiotics to counter gut dysbiosis via AI integrated formulation profiling. Sci Rep 14:18397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-69515-z","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10817_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04467","author":"TMG Dronkers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dronkers TMG, Ouwehand AC, Rijkers GT (2020) Global analysis of clinical trials with probiotics. Heliyon. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04467","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10817_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1157615","author":"T Aziz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aziz T, Naveed M, Jabeen K, Shabbir MA, Sarwar A, Zhennai Y (2023) Integrated genome based evaluation of safety and probiotic characteristics of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum YW11 isolated from Tibetan Kefir. Front Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1157615","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10817_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-024-10435-9","author":"F Nasri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nasri F, Alizadeh A, \u0130ncili GK, Hayalo\u011flu AA, Moradi M (2024) Investigating chemical composition and functionality of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 postbiotics prepared in classic and cheese Whey media. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-024-10435-9","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"10817_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zheng J, Wittouck S, Salvetti E, Franz CMAP, Harris HMB, Mattarelli P et al (2020) A taxonomic note on the genus lactobacillus: description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae. 70:2782\u20132858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/ijsem.0.004107","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.004107"},{"key":"10817_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40781-016-0108-2","volume":"58","author":"P Sornplang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sornplang P, Piyadeatsoontorn S (2016) Probiotic isolates from unconventional sources: a review. J Anim Sci Technol 58:26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40781-016-0108-2","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol"},{"key":"10817_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13991","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-40997-7","volume":"13","author":"Y Sayed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sayed Y, Hassan M, Salem HM, Al-Amry K, Eid GE (2023) Prophylactic influences of prebiotics on gut Microbiome and immune response of heat-stressed broiler chickens. Sci Rep 13:13991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-40997-7","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10817_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s42690-023-01147-8","volume":"44","author":"A Huerta-Garc\u00eda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huerta-Garc\u00eda A, \u00c1lvarez-Cervantes J (2024) The gut microbiota of insects: a potential source of bacteria and metabolites. Int J Trop Insect Sci 44:13\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42690-023-01147-8","journal-title":"Int J Trop Insect Sci"},{"key":"10817_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-022-09988-4","volume":"15","author":"N De Simone","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Simone N, Rocchetti MT, la Gatta B, Spano G, Drider D, Capozzi V et al (2023) Antimicrobial properties, functional characterisation and application of Fructobacillus fructosus and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum isolated from artisanal honey. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 15:1406\u20131423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-022-09988-4","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"10817_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00110-14","volume":"28","author":"J-C Lagier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lagier J-C, Edouard S, Pagnier I, Mediannikov O, Drancourt M, Raoult D (2015) Current and past strategies for bacterial culture in clinical microbiology. Clin Microbiol Rev 28:208\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.00110-14","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10817_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17645","volume":"533","author":"HP Browne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Browne HP, Forster SC, Anonye BO, Kumar N, Neville BA, Stares MD et al (2016) Culturing of \u2018unculturable\u2019 human microbiota reveals novel taxa and extensive sporulation. Nature 533:543\u2013546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature17645","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10817_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12345","volume":"13","author":"TC Olofsson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Olofsson TC, Butler \u00c8, Markowicz P, Lindholm C, Larsson L, V\u00e1squez A (2016) Lactic acid bacterial symbionts in honeybees \u2013 an unknown key to honey\u2019s antimicrobial and therapeutic activities. Int Wound J 13:668\u2013679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iwj.12345","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"10817_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01290","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01290-18","volume":"84","author":"A Endo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Endo A, Maeno S, Tanizawa Y, Kneifel W, Arita M, Dicks L et al (2018) Fructophilic lactic acid Bacteria, a unique group of Fructose-Fermenting microbes. Appl Environ Microbiol 84:e01290\u2013e01218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.01290-18","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10817_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2185034","volume":"15","author":"D Merenstein","year":"2023","unstructured":"Merenstein D, Pot B, Leyer G, Ouwehand AC, Preidis GA, Elkins CA et al (2023) Emerging issues in probiotic safety: 2023 perspectives. Gut Microbes 15:2185034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2023.2185034","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10817_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-023-09749-9","volume":"24","author":"NA Ahmed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahmed NA, Khattab RA, Ragab YM, Hassan M (2023) Safety assessment of Enterococcus lactis strains complemented with comparative genomics analysis reveals probiotic and safety characteristics of the entire species. BMC Genomics 24:667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12864-023-09749-9","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"10817_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2025.107178","volume":"236","author":"T Aziz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Aziz T, Shabbir MA, Sarwar A, Khan AA, Zhao L, Yang Z et al (2025) Exploring the multifaceted probiotic potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NMGL2, investigating its antimicrobial resistance profiles and bacteriocin production. J Microbiol Methods 236:107178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mimet.2025.107178","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"10817_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1080\/0005772X.1999.11099430","volume":"80","author":"PC Molan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Molan PC (1999) Why honey is effective as a medicine. 1. Its use in modern medicine. Bee World 80:80\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0005772X.1999.11099430","journal-title":"Bee World"},{"key":"10817_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-022-03427-w","volume":"39","author":"\u015e Suyabatmaz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Suyabatmaz \u015e, Karao\u011flu \u015eA, Bozdeveci A, Akp\u0131nar R (2022) Honeybee-associated lactic acid bacteria and their probiotic potential for human use. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 39:2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11274-022-03427-w","journal-title":"World J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"10817_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11142102","author":"S Mustar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mustar S, Ibrahim N (2022) A sweeter pill to swallow: A review of honey bees and honey as a source of probiotic and prebiotic products. Foods. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods11142102","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10817_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1080\/00218839.2020.1801152","volume":"60","author":"SM Mohammad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mohammad SM, Nor-Khaizura M-A-R, Zawawi N (2020) Probiotic properties of bacteria isolated from bee bread of stingless bee heterotrigona Itama. J Apic Res 60:172\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00218839.2020.1801152","journal-title":"J Apic Res"},{"key":"10817_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Endo A, Irisawa T, Futagawa-Endo Y, Takano K, du Toit M, Okada S et al (2012) Characterization and emended description of Lactobacillus Kunkeei as a fructophilic lactic acid bacterium. 62:500\u2013504","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.031054-0"},{"key":"10817_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102206","volume":"63","author":"RA Khattab","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khattab RA, Ahmed NA, Ragab YM, Rasmy SA (2020) Bacteria producing antimicrobials against Clostridium difficile isolated from human stool. Anaerobe 63:102206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102206","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"10817_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hassan M, Essam T, Yassin AS, Salama A (2014) Screening of Bio-Surfactant production ability among organic pollutants degrading isolates collected from Egyptian environment. J Microb Biochem Technol 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/1948-5948.1000143","DOI":"10.4172\/1948-5948.1000143"},{"key":"10817_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mosa M, Salem H, Hassan M, El-Saied M, Bastamy M, Amer M (2024) Application of 16S rRNA gene sequencing in evaluation of prebiotics or probiotics administration to restore gut dysbiosis induced by infectious bursal disease virus in broiler chickens. German J Veterinary Res 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51585\/gjvr.2024.3.0101","DOI":"10.51585\/gjvr.2024.3.0101"},{"key":"10817_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.2.697-703.1991","volume":"173","author":"WG Weisburg","year":"1991","unstructured":"Weisburg WG, Barns SM, Pelletier DA, Lane DJ (1991) 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. J Bacteriol 173:697\u2013703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.173.2.697-703.1991","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10817_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines5020031","author":"D Halder","year":"2017","unstructured":"Halder D, Mandal M, Chatterjee SS, Pal NK, Mandal S (2017) Indigenous probiotic Lactobacillus isolates presenting antibiotic like activity against human pathogenic bacteria. Biomedicines. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines5020031","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10817_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines5020031","author":"D Halder","year":"2017","unstructured":"Halder D, Mandal M, Chatterjee SS, Pal NK, Mandal S (2017) Indigenous probiotic Lactobacillus isolates presenting antibiotic like activity against human pathogenic bacteria. Biomedicines. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines5020031","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10817_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9352","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0913554107","volume":"107","author":"MC Rea","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rea MC, Sit CS, Clayton E, O\u2019Connor PM, Whittal RM, Zheng J et al (2010) Thuricin CD, a posttranslationally modified bacteriocin with a narrow spectrum of activity against Clostridium difficile. Proc Natl Acad Sci 107:9352\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0913554107","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10817_CR37","first-page":"852","volume":"24","author":"P Tremonte","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tremonte P, Pannella G, Succi M, Tipaldi L, Sturchio M, Coppola R et al (2017) Antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from different environments: A preliminary study. Int Food Res J 24:852\u2013859","journal-title":"Int Food Res J"},{"key":"10817_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.44.1.98-101.2006","volume":"44","author":"DA Santos","year":"2006","unstructured":"Santos DA, Barros MES, Hamdan JS (2006) Establishing a method of inoculum Preparation for susceptibility testing of trichophyton rubrum and trichophyton mentagrophytes. J Clin Microbiol 44:98\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.44.1.98-101.2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10817_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Testa B, Lombardi SJ, Macciola E, Succi M, Tremonte P, Iorizzo M (2019) Efficacy of Olive leaf extract (Olea Europaea L. cv gentile Di Larino) in marinated anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus, L.) process. Heliyon 5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01727"},{"key":"10817_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(00)00366-4","volume":"61","author":"B Hyronimus","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hyronimus B, Le Marrec C, Hadj Sassi A, Deschamps A (2000) Acid and bile tolerance of spore-forming lactic acid bacteria. Int J Food Microbiol 61:193\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0168-1605(00)00366-4","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"10817_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fnab030","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnab030","volume":"368","author":"HM Elzeini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elzeini HM, Ali ARAA, Nasr NF, Hassan M, Hassan AAm, Elenany YE (2021) Probiotic capability of novel lactic acid bacteria isolated from worker honey bees gut microbiota. FEMS Microbiol Lett 368:fnab030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsle\/fnab030","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"10817_CR42","first-page":"181","volume":"3","author":"H Hassanzadazar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hassanzadazar H, Ehsani A, Mardani K, Hesari J (2012) Investigation of antibacterial, acid and bile tolerance properties of lactobacilli isolated from Koozeh cheese. Veterinary Res Forum: Int Q J 3:181\u2013185","journal-title":"Veterinary Res Forum: Int Q J"},{"key":"10817_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2509-5_6","volume-title":"Biosafety assessment of probiotic potential","author":"V Lad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lad V, Panchal D, Pithawala M, Dwivedi MK, Amaresan N (2022) Determination of hemolytic activity. In: Dwivedi MK, Amaresan N, Sankaranarayanan A, Begum R (eds) Biosafety assessment of probiotic potential. Springer US, New York, NY, pp 43\u201346"},{"key":"10817_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21767\/2172-0479.100061","volume":"7","author":"D Halder","year":"2016","unstructured":"Halder D, Mandal S (2016) Antibacterial potentiality of commercially available probiotic lactobacilli and curd lactobacilli strains, alone and in combination, against human pathogenic bacteria. Transl Biomed 7:1\u20137","journal-title":"Transl Biomed"},{"key":"10817_CR45","unstructured":"CLSI (2018) Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 28th ed:M100 Wayne, PA"},{"key":"10817_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.3727\/095535491820873191","volume":"3","author":"AH Cory","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cory AH, Owen TC, Barltrop JA, Cory JG (1991) Use of an aqueous soluble tetrazolium\/formazan assay for cell growth assays in culture. Cancer Commun 3:207\u2013212","journal-title":"Cancer Commun"},{"key":"10817_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2022.114121","volume":"171","author":"D Abarquero","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abarquero D, Renes E, Combarros-Fuertes P, Fresno JM, Tornadijo ME (2022) Evaluation of technological properties and selection of wild lactic acid bacteria for starter culture development. LWT 171:114121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lwt.2022.114121","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"10817_CR48","volume-title":"Official methods of analysis of AOAC international","author":"A International","year":"2016","unstructured":"International A (2016) Official methods of analysis of AOAC international, 20th edn. AOAC International, Washington, DC","edition":"20"},{"key":"10817_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2014.12.014","volume":"411","author":"W Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li W, Tang W, Ji J, Xia X, Rui X, Chen X et al (2015) Characterization of a novel polysaccharide with anti-colon cancer activity from Lactobacillus helveticus MB2-1. Carbohydr Res 411:6\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carres.2014.12.014","journal-title":"Carbohydr Res"},{"key":"10817_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2017.01.041","volume":"79","author":"A Abushelaibi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abushelaibi A, Al-Mahadin S, El-Tarabily K, Shah NP, Ayyash M (2017) Characterization of potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria isolated from camel milk. LWT-Food Sci Technol 79:316\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lwt.2017.01.041","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"10817_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10071519","author":"E Parlindungan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Parlindungan E, Lugli GA, Ventura M, van Sinderen D, Mahony J (2021) Lactic acid bacteria diversity and characterization of probiotic candidates in fermented meats. Foods. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods10071519","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10817_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2004.02.009","volume":"21","author":"EHE Ayad","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ayad EHE, Nashat S, El-Sadek N, Metwaly H, El-Soda M (2004) Selection of wild lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional Egyptian dairy products according to production and technological criteria. Food Microbiol 21:715\u2013725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fm.2004.02.009","journal-title":"Food Microbiol"},{"key":"10817_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43141-022-00448-8","volume":"20","author":"N Laref","year":"2022","unstructured":"Laref N, Belkheir K (2022) Application of 16S rRNA virtual RFLP for the discrimination of some closely taxonomic-related lactobacilli species. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 20:167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43141-022-00448-8","journal-title":"J Genet Eng Biotechnol"},{"key":"10817_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang C-H, Li S-W, Huang L, Watanabe K (2018) Identification and classification for the Lactobacillus casei group. Front Microbiol Volume 9-2018","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01974"},{"key":"10817_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-021-02101-9","volume":"21","author":"S Maeno","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maeno S, Nishimura H, Tanizawa Y, Dicks L, Arita M, Endo A (2021) Unique niche-specific adaptation of fructophilic lactic acid bacteria and proposal of three Apilactobacillus species as novel members of the group. BMC Microbiol 21:41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-021-02101-9","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"10817_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-022-10025-7","volume":"16","author":"PM Garrido","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garrido PM, Porrini MP, Alberoni D, Baffoni L, Scott D, Mifsud D et al (2024) Beneficial bacteria and plant extracts promote honey bee health and reduce Nosema ceranae infection. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 16:259\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-022-10025-7","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"10817_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2010.0024","volume":"2","author":"MC Audisio","year":"2011","unstructured":"Audisio MC, Ben\u00edtez-Ahrendts MR (2011) Lactobacillus johnsonii CRL1647, isolated from apis mellifera L. bee-gut, exhibited a beneficial effect on honeybee colonies. Benef Microbes 2:29\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3920\/BM2010.0024","journal-title":"Benef Microbes"},{"key":"10817_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033188","volume":"7","author":"A V\u00e1squez","year":"2012","unstructured":"V\u00e1squez A, Forsgren E, Fries I, Paxton RJ, Flaberg E, Szekely L et al (2012) Symbionts as major modulators of insect health: lactic acid bacteria and honeybees. PLoS ONE 7:e33188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0033188","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10817_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11152276","author":"MC Coelho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coelho MC, Malcata FX, Silva CCG (2022) Lactic acid bacteria in raw-milk cheeses: from starter cultures to probiotic functions. Foods. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods11152276","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10817_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.571903","author":"T Zendo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zendo T, Ohashi C, Maeno S, Piao X, Salminen S, Sonomoto K et al (2020) Kunkecin A, a new nisin variant bacteriocin produced by the fructophilic lactic acid bacterium, Apilactobacillus kunkeei FF30-6 isolated from honey bees. Front Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2020.571903","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10817_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-13-235","volume":"13","author":"\u00c8 Butler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Butler \u00c8, Alsterfjord M, Olofsson TC, Karlsson C, Malmstr\u00f6m J, V\u00e1squez A (2013) Proteins of novel lactic acid bacteria from Apis mellifera mellifera: an insight into the production of known extra-cellular proteins during microbial stress. BMC Microbiol 13:235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2180-13-235","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"10817_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.syapm.2016.09.006","volume":"39","author":"S Maeno","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maeno S, Tanizawa Y, Kanesaki Y, Kubota E, Kumar H, Dicks L et al (2016) Genomic characterization of a fructophilic bee symbiont Lactobacillus kunkeei reveals its niche-specific adaptation. Syst Appl Microbiol 39:516\u2013526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.syapm.2016.09.006","journal-title":"Syst Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10817_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9111535","author":"F Vergalito","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vergalito F, Testa B, Cozzolino A, Letizia F, Succi M, Lombardi SJ et al (2020) Potential application of Apilactobacillus kunkeei for human use: evaluation of probiotic and functional properties. Foods. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods9111535","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10817_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9050236","author":"M Iorizzo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iorizzo M, Ganassi S, Albanese G, Letizia F, Testa B, Tedino C et al (2022) Antimicrobial activity from putative probiotic lactic acid bacteria for the biological control of American and European foulbrood diseases. Vet Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci9050236","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"10817_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5409\/wjcp.v10.i5.84","volume":"10","author":"L-B Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu L-B, Zhang Y-C, Huang H-H, Lin J (2021) Prospects for clinical applications of butyrate-producing bacteria. World J Clin Pediatr 10:84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5409\/wjcp.v10.i5.84","journal-title":"World J Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"10817_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idairyj.2023.105589","volume":"140","author":"A Aiello","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aiello A, Pizzolongo F, De Luca L, Blaiotta G, Aponte M, Addeo F et al (2023) Production of butyric acid by different strains of Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum). Int Dairy J 140:105589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idairyj.2023.105589","journal-title":"Int Dairy J"},{"key":"10817_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-022-03000-x","volume":"204","author":"D Simsek","year":"2022","unstructured":"Simsek D, Kiymaci ME, Tok KC, Gumustas M, Altanlar N (2022) Investigation of the probiotic and metabolic potential of Fructobacillus tropaeoli and Apilactobacillus kunkeei from apiaries. Arch Microbiol 204:432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00203-022-03000-x","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"10817_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.23230","author":"LK Gerunova","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gerunova LK, Gerunov TV, P\u2019yanova LG, Lavrenov AV, Sedanova AV, Delyagina MS et al (2024) Butyric acid and prospects for creation of new medicines based on its derivatives: a literature review. J Vet Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4142\/jvs.23230","journal-title":"J Vet Sci"},{"key":"10817_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su17083434","author":"KB Sorathiya","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sorathiya KB, Melo A, Hogg MC, Pintado M (2025) Organic acids in food preservation: exploring Synergies, molecular Insights, and sustainable applications. Sustainability. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su17083434","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10817_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.22037\/afb.v10i1.39617","volume":"10","author":"J Ferdouse","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ferdouse J, Paul S, Chowdhury T, Ali F, Islam S, Hossain TJ (2023) Probiotic characteristics of pediococcuspentosaceus and apilactobacilluskunkeei strains: the lactic acid bacteria isolated from Bangladeshi natural honey. Appl Food Biotechnol 10:33\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22037\/afb.v10i1.39617","journal-title":"Appl Food Biotechnol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10817_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2859-13-S1-S7","volume":"13","author":"ME Segers","year":"2014","unstructured":"Segers ME, Lebeer S (2014) Towards a better understanding of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG - host interactions. Microb Cell Fact 13:S7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-2859-13-S1-S7","journal-title":"Microb Cell Fact"},{"key":"10817_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10123-024-00631-6","author":"M Usta","year":"2025","unstructured":"Usta M, Zengin K, Okuyan S, Solmaz S, Nal\u00e7ac\u0131o\u011flu R, Demirba\u011f Z (2025) Isolation and probiotic evaluation of Apilactobacillus Kunkeei and Bombella sp. from apis mellifera Anatoliaca and Bombus terrestris. Int Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10123-024-00631-6","journal-title":"Int Microbiol"},{"key":"10817_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Binda S, Hill C, Johansen E, Obis D, Pot B, Sanders ME et al (2020) Criteria to qualify microorganisms as probiotic in foods and dietary supplements. 11\u20132020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01662","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01662"},{"key":"10817_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01738","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01738-18","volume":"85","author":"I Campedelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Campedelli I, Mathur H, Salvetti E, Clarke S, Rea Mary C, Torriani S et al (2018) Genus-Wide assessment of antibiotic resistance in Lactobacillus spp. Appl Environ Microbiol 85:e01738\u2013e01718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.01738-18","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10817_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11244","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2087174","volume":"63","author":"X Peng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peng X, Ed-Dra A, Yue M (2023) Whole genome sequencing for the risk assessment of probiotic lactic acid bacteria. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 63:11244\u201311262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2022.2087174","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"10817_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2904147","volume":"29","author":"T Aziz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aziz T, Naveed M, Shabbir MA, Sarwar A, Khan AA, Hasnain A et al (2024) Whole genome analysis of Tibetan Kefir-Derived Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 12\u2009\u2013\u20093 elucidates its genomic architecture, antimicrobial and drug resistance, potential probiotic functionality and safety. Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark 29:147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31083\/j.fbl2904147","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark"},{"key":"10817_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17221\/86\/2008-CJFS","author":"AH \u00c7oN","year":"2009","unstructured":"\u00c7oN AH, KarAsu N (2009) Determination of antagonistic starter cultures for pickle and olive fermentation processes. Czech J Food Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17221\/86\/2008-CJFS","journal-title":"Czech J Food Sci"},{"key":"10817_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2023.101350","volume":"21","author":"GES Molina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Molina GES, Shetty R, Bang-Berthelsen CH (2023) Genotypical and phenotypical characterization of Apilactobacillus kunkeei NFICC 2128 for high-mannitol scale-up production using Apple pulp and sugar beet molasses as fermentable biological side streams. Bioresour Technol Rep 21:101350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biteb.2023.101350","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol Rep"},{"key":"10817_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-017-0160-9","volume":"26","author":"S Taha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taha S, El Abd M, De Gobba C, Abdel-Hamid M, Khalil E, Hassan D (2017) Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of bioactive peptides in buffalo\u2019s yoghurt fermented with different starter cultures. Food Sci Biotechnol 26:1325\u20131332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10068-017-0160-9","journal-title":"Food Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"10817_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-012-4241-7","volume":"97","author":"A Amaretti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Amaretti A, di Nunzio M, Pompei A, Raimondi S, Rossi M, Bordoni A (2013) Antioxidant properties of potentially probiotic bacteria: in vitro and in vivo activities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 97:809\u2013817. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00253-012-4241-7","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"10817_CR81","first-page":"12","volume":"3","author":"MF Halah","year":"2011","unstructured":"Halah MF, Mehanna NS (2011) Use of natural plant antioxidant and probiotic in the production of novel yogurt. J Evolutionary Biology Res 3:12\u201318","journal-title":"J Evolutionary Biology Res"},{"key":"10817_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4948","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3501","volume":"11","author":"B Shafique","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shafique B, Murtaza MA, Hafiz I, Ameer K, Basharat S, Mohamed Ahmed IA (2023) Proteolysis and therapeutic potential of bioactive peptides derived from cheddar cheese. Food Sci Nutr 11:4948\u20134963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.3501","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"10817_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24203699","author":"S Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li S, Tang S, He Q, Hu J, Zheng J (2019) Changes in proteolysis in fermented milk produced by Streptococcus thermophilus in co-culture with Lactobacillus plantarum or Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis during refrigerated storage. Molecules. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules24203699","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10817_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2006.03072.x","volume":"102","author":"T Virtanen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Virtanen T, Pihlanto A, Akkanen S, Korhonen H (2007) Development of antioxidant activity in milk whey during fermentation with lactic acid bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 102:106\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2006.03072.x","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10817_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0307.2009.00509.x","volume":"62","author":"A Gupta","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gupta A, Mann B, Kumar R, Sangwan RB (2009) Antioxidant activity of cheddar cheeses at different stages of ripening. Int J Dairy Technol 62:339\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-0307.2009.00509.x","journal-title":"Int J Dairy Technol"},{"key":"10817_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.3264","volume":"88","author":"X-x Li","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li X-x, Han L-j, Chen L-j (2008) In vitro antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysates prepared from corn gluten meal. J Sci Food Agric 88:1660\u20131666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jsfa.3264","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"}],"container-title":["Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12602-025-10817-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12602-025-10817-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12602-025-10817-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T03:42:20Z","timestamp":1783395740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12602-025-10817-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10817"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-025-10817-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1867-1306","1867-1314"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1867-1306","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-1314","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"\u2022 Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"\u2022 Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}