{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:37:23Z","timestamp":1792784243299,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bio&Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Korean government","award":["RS-2023-00219213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00219213"]}]},{"name":"Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education","award":["2021R1A6A1A03045495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A6A1A03045495"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Probiotics &amp; Antimicro. Prot."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-025-10863-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T09:19:35Z","timestamp":1764407975000},"page":"5906-5920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lacticaseibacillus Casei KGC1201 Isolated from Panax Ginseng Mitigates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Modulating the Gut Environment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ji-Soo","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Je-Won","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Yeon","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suk-Chae","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Hwa","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Ha","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwan-Hoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi-Jin","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Kyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Seob","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"10863_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00974-4","volume":"7","author":"K Hou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hou K, Wu ZX, Chen XY, Wang JQ, Zhang D, Xiao C et al (2022) Microbiota in health and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 7:135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-022-00974-4","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10863_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12567","volume":"279","author":"JM Pickard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pickard JM, Zeng MY, Caruso R, N\u00fa\u00f1ez G (2017) Gut microbiota: role in pathogen colonization, immune responses, and inflammatory disease. Immunol Rev 279:70\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imr.12567","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10863_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114985","volume":"164","author":"M Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao M, Chu J, Feng S, Guo C, Xue B, He K et al (2023) Immunological mechanisms of inflammatory diseases caused by gut microbiota dysbiosis: a review. Biomed Pharmacother 164:114985. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114985","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"10863_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-042320-021020","volume":"73","author":"Y Shan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shan Y, Lee M, Chang EB (2022) The gut microbiome and inflammatory bowel diseases. Annu Rev Med 73:455\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-med-042320-021020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"10863_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11537","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1001261107","volume":"107","author":"G Cuevas-Ramos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cuevas-Ramos G, Petit CR, Marcq I, Boury M, Oswald E, Nougayr\u00e8de JP (2010) Escherichia coli induces DNA damage in vivo and triggers genomic instability in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:11537\u201311542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1001261107","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10863_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2015.1377","volume":"1","author":"K Mima","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mima K, Sukawa Y, Nishihara R, Qian ZR, Yamauchi M, Inamura K et al (2015) Fusobacterium nucleatum and T cells in colorectal carcinoma. JAMA Oncol 1:653\u2013661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2015.1377","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"10863_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6951091","volume":"2016","author":"D Gong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gong D, Gong X, Wang L, Yu X, Dong Q (2016) Involvement of reduced microbial diversity in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016:6951091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/6951091","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"10863_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66","volume":"11","author":"C Hill","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G, Gibson GR, Merenstein DJ, Pot B et al (2014) The international scientific association for probiotics and prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 11:506\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10863_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29129","DOI":"10.1039\/c7ra04077f","volume":"7","author":"D Mitra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mitra D, Basu A, Das B, Jena AK, De A, Das M et al (2017) Gum odina: an emerging gut modulating approach in colorectal cancer prevention. RSC Adv 7:29129\u201329142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c7ra04077f","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"10863_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5941","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i37.5941","volume":"12","author":"JB Ewaschuk","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ewaschuk JB, Dieleman LA (2006) Probiotics and prebiotics in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Gastroenterol 12:5941\u20135950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v12.i37.5941","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10863_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12071973","volume":"12","author":"D Jakubczyk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jakubczyk D, Leszczy\u0144ska K, G\u00f3rska S (2020) The effectiveness of probiotics in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-a critical review. Nutrients 12:1973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12071973","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10863_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3982","DOI":"10.1039\/d2fo02567a","volume":"14","author":"Q Gu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gu Q, Xia C, Liu N, Chen Z, Zhou Q, Li P (2023) Lactobacillus plantarum ZJ316 alleviates ulcerative colitis by inhibiting inflammation and regulating short-chain fatty acid levels and the gut microbiota in a mouse model. Food Funct 14:3982\u20133993. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d2fo02567a","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"10863_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13593","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c00365","volume":"72","author":"M Han","year":"2024","unstructured":"Han M, Liang J, Hou M, Liu Y, Li H, Gao Z (2024) Bifidobacterium bifidum ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating microbial metabolome and targeting gut microbiota. J Agric Food Chem 72:13593\u201313609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c00365","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"10863_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2024.105326","volume":"62","author":"H Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li H, Guo X, Liu X, Zhao J, Chen W, Yang B (2024) Protective effect of a cocktail of lactic acid bacteria on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis via activating the TGR5\/PKA pathway. Food Biosci 62:105326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fbio.2024.105326","journal-title":"Food Biosci"},{"key":"10863_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-03904-w","volume":"25","author":"J Lao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lao J, Chen M, Yan S, Gong H, Wen Z, Yong Y et al (2025) Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus G7 alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by regulating the intestinal microbiota. BMC Microbiol 25:168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03904-w","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"10863_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s40781-016-0108-2","volume":"58","author":"P Sornplang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sornplang P, Piyadeatsoontorn S (2016) Probiotic isolates from unconventional sources: a review. J Anim Sci Technol 58:26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40781-016-0108-2","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol"},{"key":"10863_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.004","volume":"47","author":"MA Potenza","year":"2023","unstructured":"Potenza MA, Montagnani M, Santacroce L, Charitos IA, Bottalico L (2023) Ancient herbal therapy: a brief history of <Emphasis Type=\u201cItalic\u201d>Panax ginseng<\/Emphasis>. J Ginseng Res 47:359\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.03.004","journal-title":"J Ginseng Res"},{"key":"10863_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29222","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-13364-x","volume":"15","author":"E Ahmed","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ahmed E, Lee JE, Hamayun M, Jung S, Kim HY, Lee B (2025) Probiotic potential of ginseng derived Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strains with hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Sci Rep 15:29222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-13364-x","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10863_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.2211.11029","volume":"33","author":"YS Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee YS, Yu HY, Kwon M, Lee SH, Park JI, Seo J et al (2023) Probiotic characteristics and safety assessment of Lacticaseibacillus casei KGC1201 isolated from Panax ginseng. J Microbiol Biotechnol 33:519\u2013526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4014\/jmb.2211.11029","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"10863_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E9362","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1803613115","volume":"115","author":"LR Lopetuso","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lopetuso LR, De Salvo C, Pastorelli L, Rana N, Senkfor HN, Petito V et al (2018) IL-33 promotes recovery from acute colitis by inducing miR-320 to stimulate epithelial restitution and repair. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:E9362\u2013E9370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1803613115","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10863_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177176","volume":"987","author":"C Kunasol","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kunasol C, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC (2025) Impact of calcineurin inhibitors on gut microbiota: focus on tacrolimus with evidence from in vivo and clinical studies. Eur J Pharmacol 987:177176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177176","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10863_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2013.01.028","volume":"92","author":"H Sann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sann H, Erichsen Jv, Hessmann M, Pahl A, Hoffmeyer A (2013) Efficacy of drugs used in the treatment of IBD and combinations thereof in acute DSS-induced colitis in mice. Life Sci 92:708\u2013718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2013.01.028","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10863_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10060685","volume":"10","author":"A Woting","year":"2018","unstructured":"Woting A, Blaut M (2018) Small intestinal permeability and gut-transit time determined with low and high molecular weight fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextrans in C3H mice. Nutrients 10:685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10060685","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10863_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.20046","volume":"321","author":"SP Costello","year":"2019","unstructured":"Costello SP, Hughes PA, Waters O, Bryant RV, Vincent AD, Blatchford P et al (2019) Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on 8-week remission in patients with ulcerative colitis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 321:156\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2018.20046","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10863_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2014.10.011","volume":"26","author":"A Hartog","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hartog A, Belle FN, Bastiaans J, de Graaff P, Garssen J, Harthoorn LF (2015) A potential role for regulatory T-cells in the amelioration of DSS induced colitis by dietary non-digestible polysaccharides. J Nutr Biochem 26:227\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2014.10.011","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"10863_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0548-6","volume":"38","author":"GM Douglas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Douglas GM, Maffei VJ, Zaneveld JR, Yurgel SN, Brown JR, Taylor CM et al (2020) PICRUSt2 for prediction of metagenome functions. Nat Biotechnol 38:685\u2013688. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41587-020-0548-6","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"10863_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48863","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.16458","volume":"8","author":"Y Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang Y, Chen G, Yang Q, Ye J, Cai X, Tsering P (2017) Gut microbiota drives the attenuation of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis by Huangqin Decoction. Oncotarget 8:48863\u201348874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.16458","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10863_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2022.05.002","volume":"20","author":"M Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li M, Guo W, Dong Y, Wang W, Tian C, Zhang Z et al (2022) Beneficial effects of celastrol on immune balance by modulating gut microbiota in experimental ulcerative colitis mice. Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics 20:288\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gpb.2022.05.002","journal-title":"Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10863_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01136","volume":"9","author":"Z Xun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xun Z, Zhang Q, Xu T, Chen N, Chen F (2018) Dysbiosis and ecotypes of the salivary microbiome associated with inflammatory bowel diseases and the assistance in diagnosis of diseases using oral bacterial profiles. Front Microbiol 9:1136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01136","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10863_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e08930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e08930","volume":"8","author":"I Ali","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ali I, Abdo Q, Al-Hihi SM, Shawabkeh A (2022) Association between ulcerative colitis and Helicobacter pylori infection: a case-control study. Heliyon 8:e08930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e08930","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10863_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0538-9","volume":"6","author":"B Sovran","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sovran B, Planchais J, Jegou S, Straube M, Lamas B, Natividad JM et al (2018) Enterobacteriaceae are essential for the modulation of colitis severity by fungi. Microbiome 6:152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-018-0538-9","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10863_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/goae090","volume":"12","author":"W Ou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ou W, Xu W, Wang Y, Hua Z, Ding W, Cui L et al (2024) Cooperation of Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin and Dll1-mediated Notch pathway in Lgr5-positive intestinal stem cells regulates the mucosal injury and repair in DSS-induced colitis mice model. Gastroenterol Rep 12:goae090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gastro\/goae090","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Rep"},{"key":"10863_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2014.12.006","volume":"149","author":"G Cammarota","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cammarota G, Ianiro G, Cianci R, Bibb\u00f2 S, Gasbarrini A, Curr\u00f2 D (2015) The involvement of gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis: potential for therapy. Pharmacol Ther 149:191\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2014.12.006","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10863_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2022.02.044","volume":"29","author":"S Selvamani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Selvamani S, Mehta V, Ali El Enshasy H, Thevarajoo S, El Adawi H, Zeini I et al (2022) Efficacy of probiotics-based interventions as therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a recent update. Saudi J Biol Sci 29:3546\u20133567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjbs.2022.02.044","journal-title":"Saudi J Biol Sci"},{"key":"10863_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.4315\/JFP-21-021","volume":"85","author":"RN Falf\u00e1n-Cort\u00e9s","year":"2022","unstructured":"Falf\u00e1n-Cort\u00e9s RN, Mora-Pe\u00f1aflor N, G\u00f3mez-Aldapa CA, Rangel-Vargas E, Acevedo-Sandoval OA, Franco-Fern\u00e1ndez MJ et al (2022) Characterization and evaluation of the probiotic potential in vitro and in situ of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei isolated from tenate cheese. J Food Prot 85:112\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4315\/JFP-21-021","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"10863_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6016","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i33.6016","volume":"23","author":"DD Eichele","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eichele DD, Kharbanda KK (2017) Dextran sodium sulfate colitis murine model: an indispensable tool for advancing our understanding of inflammatory bowel diseases pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 23:6016\u20136029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v23.i33.6016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10863_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.08.011","volume":"31","author":"MJ Barnes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Barnes MJ, Powrie F (2009) Regulatory T cells reinforce intestinal homeostasis. Immunity 31:401\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.08.011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10863_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01315","volume":"11","author":"HX Wei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wei HX, Wang B, Li B (2020) IL-10 and IL-22 in mucosal immunity: driving protection and pathology. Front Immunol 11:1315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01315","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10863_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrep.2020.100811","volume":"24","author":"S Ota","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ota S, Sakuraba H, Hiraga H, Yoshida S, Satake M, Akemoto Y et al (2020) Cyclosporine protects from intestinal epithelial injury by modulating butyrate uptake via upregulation of membrane monocarboxylate transporter 1 levels. Biochem Biophys Rep 24:100811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrep.2020.100811","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Rep"},{"key":"10863_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0415-0","volume":"20","author":"MF Neurath","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neurath MF (2019) Targeting immune cell circuits and trafficking in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Immunol 20:970\u2013979","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10863_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0258-z","volume":"17","author":"A Lavelle","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lavelle A, Sokol H (2020) Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key actors in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 17:223\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-019-0258-z","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10863_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20151159","volume":"212","author":"MD Buck","year":"2015","unstructured":"Buck MD, O\u2019Sullivan D, Pearce EL (2015) T cell metabolism drives immunity. J Exp Med 212:1345\u20131360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20151159","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10863_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.003","volume":"23","author":"A Agus","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agus A, Planchais J, Sokol H (2018) Gut microbiota regulation of tryptophan metabolism in health and disease. Cell Host Microbe 23:716\u2013724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.003","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10863_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-024-01179-1","volume":"56","author":"J Choi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Choi J, Augenlicht LH (2024) Intestinal stem cells: guardians of homeostasis in health and aging amid environmental challenges. Exp Mol Med 56:495\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s12276-024-01179-1","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"10863_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-020-00630-w","volume":"28","author":"Q Hou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hou Q, Ye L, Liu H, Huang L, Yang Q, Turner JR (2021) Lactobacillus accelerates ISCs regeneration to protect the integrity of intestinal mucosa through activation of STAT3 signaling pathway induced by LPLs secretion of IL-22. Cell Death Differ 28:2025\u20132027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41418-020-00630-w","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"10863_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1734423","volume":"11","author":"H Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu H, Xie S, Miao J, Li Y, Wang Z, Wang M (2020) Lactobacillus reuteri maintains intestinal epithelial regeneration and repairs damaged intestinal mucosa. Gut Microbes 11:997\u20131014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2020.1734423","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10863_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.016","author":"R Nusse","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nusse R, Clevers H (2017) Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling, disease, and emerging therapeutic modalities. Cell. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.016. 169:985\u2009\u2013\u2009999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10863_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2023.105521","volume":"104","author":"P Hradicka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hradicka P, Adamkova P, Lenhardt L, Gancarcikova S, Iannaccone SF, Demeckova V (2023) Addressing safety concerns of long-term probiotic use: in vivo evidence from a rat model. J Funct Foods 104:105521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jff.2023.105521","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"key":"10863_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-025-02363-1","volume":"24","author":"X Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu X, Que H, Li Q, Wei X (2025) Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin mediated signaling pathways in cancer: recent advances, and applications in cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 24:171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12943-025-02363-1","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"10863_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-018-9403-1","volume":"11","author":"R Gao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gao R, Zhang X, Huang L, Shen R, Qin H (2019) Gut microbiota alteration after long-term consumption of probiotics in the elderly. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 11:655\u2013666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-018-9403-1","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"}],"container-title":["Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12602-025-10863-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12602-025-10863-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12602-025-10863-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T03:42:20Z","timestamp":1783395740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12602-025-10863-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10863"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-025-10863-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1867-1306","1867-1314"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1867-1306","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-1314","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Animal experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Chungnam National University (Approval Number: 202209\u00a0A-CNU-173) and conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}