{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T22:11:53Z","timestamp":1785190313544,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":262,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot."],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-026-11050-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T01:22:14Z","timestamp":1779412934000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Gut-Liver Axis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): Mechanisms, Microbiome Interactions and Therapeutic Targets"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4398-003X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Poonam","family":"Sahu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trilochan","family":"Satapathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"11050_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31173","volume":"72","author":"JM Paik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paik JM, Golabi P, Younossi Y, Mishra A, Younossi ZM (2020) Changes in the global burden of chronic liver diseases from 2012 to 2017: the growing impact of MASLD. Hepatology 72(5):1605\u20131616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.31173","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"11050_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00660.2005","volume":"99","author":"K Spiegel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Spiegel K, Knutson K, Leproult R, Tasali E, Van Cauter E (2005) Sleep loss: a novel risk factor for insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. J Appl Physiol 99:2008\u20132019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00660.2005","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002480","volume":"103","author":"I Pierantonelli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pierantonelli I, Svegliati-Baroni G (2019) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: basic pathogenetic mechanisms in the progression from MASLD to MASH. Transplantation 103(1):e1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TP.0000000000002480","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"11050_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.21037\/tgh.2019.09.08","volume":"5","author":"S Mitra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mitra S, De A, Chowdhury A (2020) Epidemiology of non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Translational Gastroenterol Hepatol 5:16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/tgh.2019.09.08","journal-title":"Translational Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"11050_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9121915","volume":"9","author":"S Le Garf","year":"2021","unstructured":"Le Garf S, Negre V, Anty R, Gual P (2021) Metabolic fatty liver disease in children: A growing public health problem. Biomedicines 9(12):1915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines9121915","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"7","key":"11050_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0011-z","volume":"15","author":"A Tripathi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tripathi A, Debelius J, Brenner DA, Karin M, Loomba R, Schnabl B, Knight R (2018) The gut-liver axis and the intersection with the microbiome. Nat reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol 15(7):397\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-018-0011-z","journal-title":"Nat reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"11050_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pierantonelli I, Svegliati-Baroni G (2019) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: basic pathogenetic mechanisms in the progression from MASLD to MASH.Transplantation. 103(1):e1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TP.0000000000002480","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002480"},{"issue":"8","key":"11050_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8080845","volume":"8","author":"HK Drescher","year":"2019","unstructured":"Drescher HK, Weiskirchen S, Weiskirchen R (2019) Current status in testing for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease MASLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis MASH). Cells 8(8):845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells8080845","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"5","key":"11050_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.01.051","volume":"55","author":"MA Robic","year":"2011","unstructured":"Robic MA, Procopet B, M\u00e9tivier S, P\u00e9ron JM, Selves J, Vinel JP, Bureau C (2011) Liver stiffness accurately predicts portal hypertension related complications in patients with chronic liver disease: a prospective study. J Hepatol 55(5):1017\u20131024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.01.051","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"17","key":"11050_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.115.02089","volume":"133","author":"V Sundaram","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sundaram V, Fang JC (2016) Gastrointestinal and liver issues in heart failure. Circulation 133(17):1696\u20131703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.115.02089","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"11050_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"HEP36","DOI":"10.2217\/hep-2020-0017","volume":"7","author":"P Nahon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nahon P, Allaire M, Nault JC, Paradis V (2020) Characterizing the mechanism behind the progression of MASLD to hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatic Oncol 7(4):HEP36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/hep-2020-0017","journal-title":"Hepatic Oncol"},{"issue":"29","key":"11050_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5219","DOI":"10.2174\/13816128113199990381","volume":"19","author":"P Dongiovanni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dongiovanni P, Anstee M, Valenti Q (2013) Genetic predisposition in MASLD and MASH: impact on severity of liver disease and response to treatment. Curr Pharm Design 19(29):5219\u20135238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/13816128113199990381","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Design"},{"issue":"6","key":"11050_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-006-0189-2","volume":"448","author":"M Dietel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dietel M, Sers C (2006) Personalized medicine and development of targeted therapies: the upcoming challenge for diagnostic molecular pathology. A review. Virchows Arch 448(6):744\u2013755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00428-006-0189-2","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"11050_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barber TM, Kabisch S, Pfeiffer AF, Weickert MO (2023) Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and insulin resistance: a review of complex interlinks. Metabolites. ;13 6):757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/metabo13060757 Gastaldelli A. Insulin resistance and reduced metabolic flexibility: cause or consequence of MASLD? Clinical science. 2017;131 22):2701-4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/CS20170987","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13060757"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-022-00352-6","volume":"8","author":"S Anand","year":"2022","unstructured":"Anand S, Mande SS (2022) Host-microbiome interactions: Gut-Liver axis and its connection with other organs. npj Biofilms Microbiomes 8(1):89. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41522-022-00352-6","journal-title":"npj Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1159\/000479918","volume":"71","author":"R Nagpal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nagpal R, Yadav H (2017) Bacterial translocation from the gut to the distant organs: an overview. Annals Nutr Metabolism 71(1):11\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000479918","journal-title":"Annals Nutr Metabolism"},{"issue":"8","key":"11050_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2648","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082648","volume":"9","author":"A Di Ciaula","year":"2020","unstructured":"Di Ciaula A, Baj J, Garruti G, Celano G, De Angelis M, Wang HH, Di Palo DM, Bonfrate L, Wang DQ, Portincasa P (2020) Liver steatosis, gut-liver axis, microbiome and environmental factors. A never-ending bidirectional cross-talk. J Clin Med 9(8):2648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9082648","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"11050_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14762","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232314762","volume":"23","author":"D Chua","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chua D, Low ZS, Cheam GX, Ng AS, Tan NS (2022) Utility of human relevant preclinical animal models in navigating MASLD to MAFLD paradigm. Int J Mol Sci 23(23):14762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232314762","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121614","DOI":"10.48175\/IJARSCT-18773","volume":"4","author":"K Dubey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dubey K, Singh R (2024) The Gut-Liver Axis in MASLD Progression: Insights into Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Opportunities. Gut 4(1):121614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48175\/IJARSCT-18773","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"7","key":"11050_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00771-6","volume":"20","author":"O Pabst","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pabst O, Hornef MW, Schaap FG, Cerovic V, Clavel T, Bruns T (2023) Gut-liver axis: barriers and functional circuits. Nat Reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol 20(7):447\u2013461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-023-00771-6","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"11050_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111590","volume":"10","author":"NW Hansen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hansen NW, Sams A (2018) The microbiotic highway to health-New perspective on food structure, gut microbiota and host inflammation. Nutrients 10(11):1590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10111590","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"11050_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923599","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.923599","volume":"13","author":"L Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang L, Cao ZM, Zhang LL, Li JM, Lv WL (2022) The role of gut microbiota in some liver diseases: from an immunological perspective. Front Immunol 13:923599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.923599","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00098.2016","volume":"311","author":"M Guerville","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guerville M, Boudry G (2016) Gastrointestinal and hepatic mechanisms limiting entry and dissemination of lipopolysaccharide into the systemic circulation. Am J Physiology-Gastrointestinal Liver Physiol 311(1):G1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00098.2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiology-Gastrointestinal Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"32","key":"11050_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v8.i32.1354","volume":"8","author":"S Kiziltas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kiziltas S (2016) Toll-like receptors in pathophysiology of liver diseases. World J Hepatol 8(32):1354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4254\/wjh.v8.i32.1354","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"11050_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703218","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.703218","volume":"9","author":"A Visekruna","year":"2021","unstructured":"Visekruna A, Luu M (2021) The role of short-chain fatty acids and bile acids in intestinal and liver function, inflammation and carcinogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biology 9:703218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2021.703218","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"11050_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10030524","volume":"10","author":"Q Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song Q, Zhang X (2022) The role of gut-liver axis in gut microbiome dysbiosis associated MASLD and MASLD-HCC. Biomedicines 10(3):524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines10030524","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"7","key":"11050_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3694","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073694","volume":"25","author":"JP De C\u00f3l","year":"2024","unstructured":"De C\u00f3l JP, de Lima EP, Pompeu FM, Cressoni Ara\u00fajo A, de Alvares Goulart R, Bechara MD, Laurindo LF, M\u00e9ndez-S\u00e1nchez N, Barbalho SM (2024) Underlying mechanisms behind the brain-gut-liver axis and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease MAFLD): An update. Int J Mol Sci 25(7):3694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25073694","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"11050_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S94","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2024.0811","volume":"31","author":"H Saeed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saeed H, D\u00edaz LA, Gil-G\u00f3mez A, Burton J, Bajaj JS, Romero-Gomez M, Arrese M, Arab JP, Khan MQ (2024) Microbiome-centered therapies for the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 31(Suppl):S94. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3350\/cmh.2024.0811","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"11050_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2021.0131","volume":"20","author":"MS Thomas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thomas MS, Blesso CN, Calle MC, Chun OK, Puglisi M, Fernandez ML (2022) Dietary influences on gut microbiota with a focus on metabolic syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 20(8):429\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/met.2021.0131","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"11050_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28356","volume":"63","author":"J Boursier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boursier J, Mueller O, Barret M, Machado M, Fizanne L, Araujo-Perez F, Guy CD, Seed PC, Rawls JF, David LA, Hunault G (2016) The severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with gut dysbiosis and shift in the metabolic function of the gut microbiota. Hepatology 63(3):764\u2013775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.28356","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"8","key":"11050_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-024-00937-w","volume":"21","author":"AS Meijnikman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meijnikman AS, Nieuwdorp M, Schnabl B (2024) Endogenous ethanol production in health and disease. Nat Reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol 21(8):556\u2013571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-024-00937-w","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"11050_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0269-9","volume":"17","author":"J Aron-Wisnewsky","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aron-Wisnewsky J, Vigliotti C, Witjes J, Le P, Holleboom AG, Verheij J, Nieuwdorp M, Cl\u00e9ment K (2020) Gut microbiota and human MASLD: disentangling microbial signatures from metabolic disorders. Nat reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol 17(5):279\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-020-0269-9","journal-title":"Nat reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"11050_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00501-9","volume":"3","author":"H Tilg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tilg H, Adolph TE, Dudek M, Knolle P (2021) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the interplay between metabolism, microbes and immunity. Nat metabolism 3(12):1596\u20131607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42255-021-00501-9","journal-title":"Nat metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13646","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13646","volume":"25","author":"X Su","year":"2024","unstructured":"Su X, Chen S, Liu J, Feng Y, Han E, Hao X, Liao M, Cai J, Zhang S, Niu J, He S (2024) Composition of gut microbiota and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis. Obes Rev 25(1):e13646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.13646","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"11050_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13030329","volume":"13","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Tan JK, Liu J, Goon JA (2024) Roles of traditional and next-generation probiotics on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease MASLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis MASH): a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Antioxidants 13(3):329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox13030329","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"8","key":"11050_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10080988","volume":"10","author":"K Hiippala","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hiippala K, Jouhten H, Ronkainen A, Hartikainen A, Kainulainen V, Jalanka J, Satokari R (2018) The potential of gut commensals in reinforcing intestinal barrier function and alleviating inflammation. Nutrients 10(8):988. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10080988","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"11050_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22063061","volume":"22","author":"N Gasaly","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gasaly N, Hermoso MA, Gotteland M (2021) Butyrate and the fine-tuning of colonic homeostasis: implication for inflammatory bowel diseases. Int J Mol Sci 22(6):3061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22063061","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"24","key":"11050_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5261","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14245261","volume":"14","author":"A Gudan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gudan A, Jamio\u0142-Milc D, Hawry\u0142kowicz V, Skonieczna-\u017bydecka K, Stachowska E (2022) The prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with non-alcoholic liver diseases: MASLD, MASH, fibrosis, cirrhosis a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Nutrients 14(24):5261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14245261","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"14","key":"11050_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14141063","volume":"14","author":"VD Souza","year":"2025","unstructured":"Souza VD, Manhaes-de-Castro R, Pereira SD, de Silveira BS, Calado CM, Gouveia HJ, Coq JO, Toscano AE (2025) Impact of Early-Life Brain Injury on Gut Microbiota Composition in Rodents: Systematic Review with Implications for Neurodevelopment. Cells 14(14):1063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells14141063","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"8","key":"11050_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6229","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-05611-3","volume":"47","author":"J Kumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumar J, Rani K, Datt C (2020) Molecular link between dietary fibre, gut microbiota and health. Mol Biol Rep 47(8):6229\u20136237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-020-05611-3","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"11050_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715611","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.715611","volume":"12","author":"S Panwar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Panwar S, Sharma S, Tripathi P (2021) Role of barrier integrity and dysfunctions in maintaining the healthy gut and their health outcomes. Front Physiol 12:715611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.715611","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"24","key":"11050_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13638","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252413638","volume":"25","author":"JP Sullivan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sullivan JP, Jones MK (2024) The multifaceted impact of bioactive lipids on gut health and disease. Int J Mol Sci 25(24):13638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms252413638","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"11050_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i8.677","volume":"27","author":"M Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang M, Zhang CY (2021) G protein-coupled receptors as potential targets for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease treatment. World J Gastroenterol 27(8):677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v27.i8.677","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"9","key":"11050_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2124231","volume":"64","author":"K Rekha","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rekha K, Venkidasamy B, Samynathan R, Nagella P, Rebezov M, Khayrullin M, Ponomarev E, Bouyahya A, Sarkar T, Shariati MA, Thiruvengadam M (2024) Short-chain fatty acid: An updated review on signaling, metabolism and therapeutic effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 64(9):2461\u20132489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2022.2124231","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"11050_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14020084","volume":"14","author":"E Monti","year":"2025","unstructured":"Monti E, Vianello C, Leoni I, Galvani G, Lippolis A, D\u2019Amico F, Roggiani S, Stefanelli C, Turroni S, Fornari F (2025) Gut microbiome modulation in hepatocellular carcinoma: preventive role in MASLD\/MASH progression and potential applications in Immunotherapy-Based strategies. Cells 14(2):84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells14020084","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"11050_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341938","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1341938","volume":"15","author":"M Wei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wei M, Tu W, Huang G (2024) Regulating bile acids signaling for MASLD: molecular insights and novel therapeutic interventions. Front Microbiol 15:1341938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1341938","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"11050_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Claudel T, Trauner M (2020) Bile acids as signaling molecules. The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology. 12:299\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781119436812.ch25","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119436812.ch25"},{"issue":"13","key":"11050_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.44774","volume":"16","author":"A Kumari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumari A, Pathak DP, Asthana S (2020) Bile acids mediated potential functional interaction between FXR and FATP5 in the regulation of Lipid Metabolism. Int J Biol Sci 16(13):2308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijbs.44774","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"11050_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2020.100214","volume":"3","author":"V Bidault-Jourdainne","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bidault-Jourdainne V, Merlen G, Gl\u00e9nisson M, Doignon I, Garcin I, P\u00e9an N, Boisgard R, Ursic-Bedoya J, Serino M, Ullmer C, Humbert L (2021) TGR5 controls bile acid composition and gallbladder function to protect the liver from bile acid overload. JHEP Rep 3(2):100214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhepr.2020.100214","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2022.tb00205.x","volume":"12","author":"PB Hylemon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hylemon PB, Su L, Zheng PC, Bajaj JS, Zhou H (2022) Bile acids, gut microbiome and the road to fatty liver disease. Compr Physiol 12(1):2719\u20132730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2022.tb00205.x","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"issue":"23","key":"11050_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4950","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14234950","volume":"14","author":"A Di Ciaula","year":"2022","unstructured":"Di Ciaula A, Bonfrate L, Baj J, Khalil M, Garruti G, Stellaard F, Wang HH, Wang DQ, Portincasa P (2022) Recent advances in the digestive, metabolic and therapeutic effects of farnesoid X receptor and fibroblast growth factor 19: from cholesterol to bile acid signaling. Nutrients 14(23):4950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14234950","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"11050_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13361","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.13361","volume":"99","author":"D Ye","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ye D, He J, He X (2024) The role of bile acid receptor TGR5 in regulating inflammatory signalling. Scand J Immunol 99(4):e13361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sji.13361","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"11050_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4023","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26094023","volume":"26","author":"X Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao X, Zheng I, Huang W, Tang D, Zhao M, Hou R, Huang Y, Shi Y, Zhu W, Wang S (2025) Research Progress on the Mechanism of Bile Acids and Their Receptors in Depression. Int J Mol Sci 26(9):4023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26094023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03263-19","volume":"11","author":"N Fei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fei N, Bruneau A, Zhang X, Wang R, Wang J, Rabot S, G\u00e9rard P, Zhao L (2020) Endotoxin producers overgrowing in human gut microbiota as the causative agents for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. MBio 11(1):10\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.03263-19","journal-title":"MBio"},{"issue":"19","key":"11050_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11710","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911710","volume":"23","author":"X Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen X, Liu M, Tang J, Wang N, Feng Y, Ma H (2022) Research Progress on the Therapeutic Effect of Polysaccharides on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through the Regulation of the Gut-Liver Axis. Int J Mol Sci 23(19):11710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms231911710","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"11050_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31056","volume":"72","author":"G Carpino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carpino G, Del Ben M, Pastori D, Carnevale R, Baratta F, Overi D, Francis H, Cardinale V, Onori P, Safarikia S, Cammisotto V (2020) Increased liver localization of lipopolysaccharides in human and experimental MASLD. Hepatology 72(2):470\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.31056","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"11050_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2023.154410","volume":"244","author":"YL Tang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tang YL, Zhu L, Tao Y, Lu W, Cheng H (2023) Role of targeting TLR4 signaling axis in liver-related diseases. Pathology-Research Pract 244:154410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prp.2023.154410","journal-title":"Pathology-Research Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"11050_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13040730","volume":"13","author":"M Peiseler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Peiseler M, Tacke F (2021) Inflammatory mechanisms underlying nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and the transition to hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancers 13(4):730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers13040730","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6733477","DOI":"10.1155\/mi\/6733477","volume":"2025","author":"H Aghara","year":"2025","unstructured":"Aghara H, Patel M, Chadha P, Parwani K, Chaturvedi R, Mandal P (2025) Unraveling the Gut-Liver-Brain Axis: Microbiome, Inflammation and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches. Mediat Inflamm 2025(1):6733477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/mi\/6733477","journal-title":"Mediat Inflamm"},{"issue":"2","key":"11050_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00240","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00240-24","volume":"38","author":"MY Cho","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cho MY, Eom JH, Choi EM, Yang SJ, Lee D, Kim YY, Kim HS, Hwang I (2025) Recent advances in therapeutic probiotics: insights from human trials. Clin Microbiol Rev 38(2):e00240\u2013e00224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.00240-24","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"11050_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang K, Liu Z, Tang R, Sha Y, Wang Z, Chen Y, Chen G (2025) Gallstones in the Era of Metabolic Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Risk Prediction and Management. Cureus 17(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.80541","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.80541"},{"issue":"4","key":"11050_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.06.028","volume":"157","author":"JB Schwimmer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schwimmer JB, Johnson JS, Angeles JE, Behling C, Belt PH, Borecki I, Bross C, Durelle J, Goyal NP, Hamilton G, Holtz ML (2019) Microbiome signatures associated with steatohepatitis and moderate to severe fibrosis in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 157(4):1109\u20131122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.06.028","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"11050_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang M, Monaco MH, Donovan SM Impact of early gut microbiota on immune and metabolic development and function. InSeminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 2016 Dec 1 Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 380\u2013387). WB Saunders. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.siny.2016.04.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2016.04.004"},{"issue":"36","key":"11050_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8078","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i36.8078","volume":"22","author":"MG Clemente","year":"2016","unstructured":"Clemente MG, Mandato C, Poeta M, Vajro P (2016) Pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Recent solutions, unresolved issues and future research directions. World J Gastroenterol 22(36):8078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v22.i36.8078","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"11","key":"11050_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13812","volume":"74","author":"H Sbihi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sbihi H, Boutin RC, Cutler C, Suen M, Finlay BB, Turvey SE (2019) Thinking bigger: How early-life environmental exposures shape the gut microbiome and influence the development of asthma and allergic disease. Allergy 74(11):2103\u20132115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.13812","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"11050_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aznou A, Drenth JP, Nieuwdorp M, Meijnikman AS Exploring the Role of the Gut Microbiome Across the Lifespan: Implications for Aging and Metabolic Disorders. J Endocr Soc 2025 Aug 12:bvaf130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jendso\/bvaf130","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvaf130"},{"issue":"3","key":"11050_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031105","volume":"23","author":"P Portincasa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Portincasa P, Bonfrate L, Vacca M, De Angelis M, Farella I, Lanza E, Khalil M, Wang DQ, Sperandio M, Di Ciaula A (2022) Gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids: implications in glucose homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 23(3):1105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23031105","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"11050_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01353","volume":"8","author":"M Spiljar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Spiljar M, Merkler D, Trajkovski M (2017) The immune system bridges the gut microbiota with systemic energy homeostasis: focus on TLRs, mucosal barrier and SCFAs. Front Immunol 8:1353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01353","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"11050_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sahu P, Satapathy T (2025 Aug) Bioactive Herbs for Liver Disorders: A Phyto-Pharmacological Review. Curr Drug Metab 21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0113892002381436250721200746","DOI":"10.2174\/0113892002381436250721200746"},{"issue":"9","key":"11050_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2124231","volume":"64","author":"K Rekha","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rekha K, Venkidasamy B, Samynathan R, Nagella P, Rebezov M, Khayrullin M, Ponomarev E, Bouyahya A, Sarkar T, Shariati MA, Thiruvengadam M (2024) Short-chain fatty acid: An updated review on signaling, metabolism and therapeutic effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 64(9):2461\u20132489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2022.2124231","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"11050_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-331003","volume":"73","author":"HH Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee HH, Lee HA, Kim EJ, Kim HY, Kim HC, Ahn SH, Lee H, Kim SU (2024) Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and risk of cardiovascular disease. Gut 73(3):533\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-331003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"11050_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2013.tb00517.x","volume":"3","author":"JY Chiang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chiang JY (2013) Bile acid metabolism and signaling. Compr Physiol 3(3):1191\u20131212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2013.tb00517.x","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"11050_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-024-00914-3","volume":"21","author":"I Mohanty","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohanty I, Allaband C, Mannochio-Russo H, El Abiead Y, Hagey LR, Knight R, Dorrestein PC (2024) The changing metabolic landscape of bile acids-keys to metabolism and immune regulation. Nat reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol 21(7):493\u2013516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-024-00914-3","journal-title":"Nat reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livres.2019.01.001","volume":"3","author":"AL Ticho","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ticho AL, Malhotra P, Dudeja PK, Gill RK, Alrefai WA (2019) Bile acid receptors and gastrointestinal functions. Liver Res 3(1):31\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.livres.2019.01.001","journal-title":"Liver Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"11050_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.08.003","volume":"116","author":"F Gilardi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gilardi F, Mitro N, Godio C, Scotti E, Caruso D, Crestani M, De Fabiani E (2007) The pharmacological exploitation of cholesterol 7\u03b1-hydroxylase, the key enzyme in bile acid synthesis: from binding resins to chromatin remodelling to reduce plasma cholesterol. Pharmacol Ther 116(3):449\u2013472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.08.003","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"11050_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3206","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113206","volume":"10","author":"KM Anderson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Anderson KM, Gayer CP (2021) The pathophysiology of farnesoid X receptor FXR) in the GI tract: inflammation, barrier function and innate immunity. Cells 10(11):3206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells10113206","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"21","key":"11050_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13045","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113045","volume":"23","author":"ZL Ren","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ren ZL, Li CX, Ma CY, Chen D, Chen JH, Xu WX, Chen CA, Cheng FF, Wang XQ (2022) Linking nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and brain disease: focusing on bile acid signaling. Int J Mol Sci 23(21):13045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232113045","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"11050_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2014.956087","volume":"18","author":"S Fiorucci","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fiorucci S, Distrutti E, Ricci P, Giuliano V, Donini A, Baldelli F (2014) Targeting FXR in cholestasis: hype or hope. Expert Opin Ther Targets 18(12):1449\u20131459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1517\/14728222.2014.956087","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33453","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33453","volume":"6","author":"L Verbeke","year":"2016","unstructured":"Verbeke L, Mannaerts I, Schierwagen R, Govaere O, Klein S, Vander Elst I, Windmolders P, Farre R, Wenes M, Mazzone M, Nevens F (2016) FXR agonist obeticholic acid reduces hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in a rat model of toxic cirrhosis. Sci Rep 6(1):33453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep33453","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"11050_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bvz039","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvz039","volume":"4","author":"SS Ghosh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghosh SS, Wang J, Yannie PJ, Ghosh S (2020) Intestinal barrier dysfunction, LPS translocation and disease development. J Endocr Soc 4(2):bvz039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jendso\/bvz039","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"11050_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3109\/08830185.2015.1087518","volume":"35","author":"A Gnauck","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gnauck A, Lentle RG, Kruger MC (2016) The characteristics and function of bacterial lipopolysaccharides and their endotoxic potential in humans. Int Rev Immunol 35(3):189\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/08830185.2015.1087518","journal-title":"Int Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10010083","volume":"10","author":"P Portincasa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Portincasa P, Bonfrate L, Khalil M, Angelis MD, Calabrese FM, D\u2019amato M, Wang DQ, Di Ciaula A (2021) Intestinal barrier and permeability in health, obesity and MASLD. Biomedicines 10(1):83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines10010083","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"5","key":"11050_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8591","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms15058591","volume":"15","author":"W Peverill","year":"2014","unstructured":"Peverill W, Powell LW, Skoien R (2014) Evolving concepts in the pathogenesis of MASH: beyond steatosis and inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 15(5):8591\u20138638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms15058591","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"19","key":"11050_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11689","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911689","volume":"23","author":"T Kobayashi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kobayashi T, Iwaki M, Nakajima A, Nogami A, Yoneda M (2022) Current research on the pathogenesis of MASLD\/MASH and the gut-liver Axis: gut microbiota, dysbiosis and leaky-gut syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 23(19):11689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms231911689","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"11050_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3204","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063204","volume":"23","author":"A Twardowska","year":"2022","unstructured":"Twardowska A, Makaro A, Binienda A, Fichna J, Salaga M (2022) Preventing bacterial translocation in patients with leaky gut syndrome: nutrition and pharmacological treatment options. Int J Mol Sci 23(6):3204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23063204","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"11050_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718093","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.718093","volume":"8","author":"M Fortea","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fortea M, Albert-Bayo M, Abril-Gil M, Ganda Mall JP, Serra-Ruiz X, Henao-Paez A, Exp\u00f3sito E, Gonzalez-Castro AM, Guagnozzi D, Lobo B, Alonso-Cotoner C (2021) Present and future therapeutic approaches to barrier dysfunction. Front Nutr 8:718093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2021.718093","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"11050_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16869","volume":"40","author":"R Stamation","year":"2025","unstructured":"Stamation R (2025) Endogenous ethanol production in the human alimentary tract: A literature review. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 40(4):783\u2013790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.16869","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"11050_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.3.347","volume":"44","author":"J Tillonen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tillonen J, Homann N, Rautio M, Jousimies-Somer H, Salaspuro M (1999) Ciprofloxacin decreases the rate of ethanol elimination in humans. Gut 44(3):347\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.44.3.347","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"47","key":"11050_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17756","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i47.17756","volume":"20","author":"E Ceni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ceni E, Mello T, Galli A (2014) Pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease: role of oxidative metabolism. World J Gastroenterology: WJG 20(47):17756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v20.i47.17756","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterology: WJG"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137289","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/137289","volume":"2012","author":"G Barrera","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barrera G (2012) Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation products in cancer progression and therapy. Int Sch Res Notices 2012(1):137289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5402\/2012\/137289","journal-title":"Int Sch Res Notices"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2010.191","volume":"8","author":"L Hebbard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hebbard L, George J (2011) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol 8(1):35\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrgastro.2010.191","journal-title":"Nat reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"11050_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16869","volume":"40","author":"R Stamation","year":"2025","unstructured":"Stamation R (2025) Endogenous ethanol production in the human alimentary tract: A literature review. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 40(4):783\u2013790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.16869","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12010056","volume":"12","author":"N Vallianou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vallianou N, Christodoulatos GS, Karampela I, Tsilingiris D, Magkos F, Stratigou T, Kounatidis D, Dalamaga M (2021) Understanding the role of the gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: current evidence and perspectives. Biomolecules 12(1):56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom12010056","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"22","key":"11050_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8776","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228776","volume":"21","author":"S Barik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barik S (2020) The uniqueness of tryptophan in biology: properties, metabolism, interactions and localization in proteins. Int J Mol Sci 21(22):8776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21228776","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"11050_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769501","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.769501","volume":"12","author":"X Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li X, Zhang B, Hu Y, Zhao Y (2021) New insights into gut-bacteria-derived indole and its derivatives in intestinal and liver diseases. Front Pharmacol 12:769501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.769501","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"11050_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-023-02289-5","volume":"101","author":"A Salminen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salminen A (2023) Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor AhR) in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Role of tryptophan metabolites generated by gut host-microbiota. J Mol Med 101(3):201\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00109-023-02289-5","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-023-01486-1","volume":"11","author":"JS Mar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mar JS, Ota N, Pokorzynski ND, Peng Y, Jaochico A, Sangaraju D, Skippington E, Lekkerkerker AN, Rothenberg ME, Tan MW, Yi T (2023) IL-22 alters gut microbiota composition and function to increase aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity in mice and humans. Microbiome 11(1):47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-023-01486-1","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"11050_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00130","volume":"7","author":"CR Gandhi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gandhi CR (2020) Pro-and anti-fibrogenic functions of gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide in the liver. Front Med 7:130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2020.00130","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"11050_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575586","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.575586","volume":"11","author":"DA Negatu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Negatu DA, Gengenbacher M, Dartois V, Dick T (2020) Indole propionic acid, an unusual antibiotic produced by the gut microbiota, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Front Microbiol 11:575586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2020.575586","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010151","volume":"15","author":"H Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang H, Chen C, Gao J (2022) Extensive summary of the important roles of indole propionic acid, a gut microbial metabolite in host health and disease. Nutrients 15(1):151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15010151","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"15","key":"11050_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5214","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155214","volume":"21","author":"J Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen J, Vitetta L (2020) Gut microbiota metabolites in MASLD pathogenesis and therapeutic implications. Int J Mol Sci 21(15):5214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21155214","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"11050_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s41110-023-00238-3","volume":"48","author":"M Seth","year":"2023","unstructured":"Seth M, Mondal P, Ghosh D, Mukhopadhyay SK (2023) The foul play of two dietary metabolites trimethylamine TMA) and trimethylamine N-oxide TMAO) on human health and the role of microbes in mitigating their effects. Nutrire 48(2):52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41110-023-00238-3","journal-title":"Nutrire"},{"issue":"5","key":"11050_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15051212","volume":"15","author":"AM Centner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Centner AM, Khalili L, Ukhanov V, Kadyan S, Nagpal R, Salazar G (2023) The role of phytochemicals and gut microbiome in atherosclerosis in preclinical mouse models. Nutrients 15(5):1212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15051212","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"11050_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01360","volume":"10","author":"S Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang S, Li X, Yang F, Zhao R, Pan X, Liang J, Tian L, Li X, Liu L, Xing Y, Wu M (2019) Gut microbiota-dependent marker TMAO in promoting cardiovascular disease: inflammation mechanism, clinical prognostic and potential as a therapeutic target. Front Pharmacol 10:1360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2019.01360","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"11050_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14070802","volume":"14","author":"J Jiang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jiang J, Zhang H, Hussain M, Feng F, Guan R, Zhong H (2025) Novel Approaches in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorder Therapy: Targeting the Gut Microbiota-Bile Acid Axis. Biology 14(7):802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology14070802","journal-title":"Biology"},{"issue":"25","key":"11050_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3699","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612823666170622095324","volume":"23","author":"J Oellgaard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oellgaard J, Abitz Winther S, Schmidt Hansen T, Rossing P (2017) Johan von Scholten B. Trimethylamine N-oxide TMAO) as a new potential therapeutic target for insulin resistance and cancer. Curr Pharm Design 23(25):3699\u20133712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1381612823666170622095324","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Design"},{"key":"11050_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1592524","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1592524","volume":"16","author":"Z Qin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qin Z, Wu W, Yang X, Wang X, Ding A, Huang Y, Tang J, Jiang S, Zhang P, Qian C, Zhang X (2025) The role of trimethylamine N-oxide in disease pathogenesis and the therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine. Front Pharmacol 16:1592524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1592524","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270418","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/270418","volume":"2013","author":"JC Esp\u00edn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Esp\u00edn JC, Larrosa M, Garc\u00eda-Conesa MT, Tom\u00e1s-Barber\u00e1n F (2013) Biological significance of urolithins, the gut microbial ellagic acid-derived metabolites: the evidence so far. Evidence\u2010Based Complement Altern Med 2013(1):270418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/270418","journal-title":"Evidence\u2010Based Complement Altern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"11050_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24020370","volume":"24","author":"K Kawabata","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kawabata K, Yoshioka Y, Terao J (2019) Role of intestinal microbiota in the bioavailability and physiological functions of dietary polyphenols. Molecules 24(2):370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules24020370","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.22104\/armmt.2023.5892.1078","volume":"4","author":"F Almasi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Almasi F, Salimi F, Mohammadipanah F (2021) Microbial metabolites as promising anti-inflammatory resources in biomedicine. Microbiol Metabolites Biotechnol 4(1):67\u201381. doi10.22104\/armmt.2023.5892.1078","journal-title":"Microbiol Metabolites Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11010015","volume":"11","author":"M Mohany","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohany M, Ahmed MM, Al-Rejaie SS (2021) Molecular mechanistic pathways targeted by natural antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease. Antioxidants 11(1):15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox11010015","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"25","key":"11050_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9113","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2023.2208218","volume":"64","author":"L Jakobek","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jakobek L, Blesso C (2024) Beneficial effects of phenolic compounds: Native phenolic compounds vs metabolites and catabolites. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 64(25):9113\u20139131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2023.2208218","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"21","key":"11050_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7377","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27217377","volume":"27","author":"C Luo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luo C, Wei X, Song J, Xu X, Huang H, Fan S, Zhang D, Han L, Lin J (2022) Interactions between gut microbiota and polyphenols: new insights into the treatment of fatigue. Molecules 27(21):7377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27217377","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"11050_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2022.100972","volume":"49","author":"S Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen S, Zhu H, Luo Y (2023) The gut-mediated function of polyphenols: Opinions on functional food development for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Curr Opin Food Sci 49:100972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cofs.2022.100972","journal-title":"Curr Opin Food Sci"},{"key":"11050_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00277","volume":"10","author":"D Parada Venegas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Parada Venegas D, De la Fuente MK, Landskron G, Gonz\u00e1lez MJ, Quera R, Dijkstra G, Harmsen HJ, Faber KN, Hermoso MA (2019) Short chain fatty acids SCFAs)-mediated gut epithelial and immune regulation and its relevance for inflammatory bowel diseases. Front Immunol 10:277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00277","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"11050_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00028","volume":"7","author":"Z Ang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ang Z, Ding JL (2016) GPR41 and GPR43 in obesity and inflammation-protective or causative? Front Immunol 7:28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00028","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"15","key":"11050_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8343","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158343","volume":"23","author":"X Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo X, Okpara ES, Hu W, Yan C, Wang Y, Liang Q, Chiang JY, Han S (2022) Interactive relationships between intestinal flora and bile acids. Int J Mol Sci 23(15):8343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23158343","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"11050_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.119","volume":"15","author":"W Jia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jia W, Xie G, Jia W (2018) Bile acid-microbiota crosstalk in gastrointestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis. Nat reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol 15(2):111\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.119","journal-title":"Nat reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"11050_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25562","volume":"308","author":"KM Mak","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mak KM, Shekhar AC (2025) Lipopolysaccharide, arbiter of the gut-liver axis, modulates hepatic cell pathophysiology in alcoholism. Anat Rec 308(3):975\u20131004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.25562","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"issue":"2","key":"11050_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G256","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00550.2001","volume":"283","author":"GL Su","year":"2002","unstructured":"Su GL (2002) Lipopolysaccharides in liver injury: molecular mechanisms of Kupffer cell activation. Am J Physiology-Gastrointestinal Liver Physiol 283(2):G256\u2013G265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00550.2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiology-Gastrointestinal Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"11050_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29112663","volume":"29","author":"Y Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang Y, Zhang Y, Wu K, Tan X, Lan T, Wang G (2024) Role of gut microecology in the pathogenesis of drug-induced liver injury and emerging therapeutic strategies. Molecules 29(11):2663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules29112663","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"10","key":"11050_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2019.1598334","volume":"60","author":"M Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun M, Ma N, He T, Johnston LJ, Ma X (2020) Tryptophan Trp) modulates gut homeostasis via aryl hydrocarbon receptor AhR). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 60(10):1760\u20131768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2019.1598334","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"11050_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277102","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1277102","volume":"14","author":"Y Fu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fu Y, Lyu J, Wang S (2023) The role of intestinal microbes on intestinal barrier function and host immunity from a metabolite perspective. Front Immunol 14:1277102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1277102","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"11050_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s41110-023-00238-3","volume":"48","author":"M Seth","year":"2023","unstructured":"Seth M, Mondal P, Ghosh D, Mukhopadhyay SK (2023) The foul play of two dietary metabolites trimethylamine TMA) and trimethylamine N-oxide TMAO) on human health and the role of microbes in mitigating their effects. Nutrire 48(2):52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41110-023-00238-3","journal-title":"Nutrire"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05120-y","volume":"22","author":"Q Jin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jin Q, Zhang C, Chen R, Jiang L, Li H, Wu P, Li L (2024) Quinic acid regulated TMA\/TMAO-related lipid metabolism and vascular endothelial function through gut microbiota to inhibit atherosclerotic. J Translational Med 22(1):352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-024-05120-y","journal-title":"J Translational Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"11050_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9100982","volume":"9","author":"M Koudoufio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koudoufio M, Desjardins Y, Feldman F, Spahis S, Delvin E, Levy E (2020) Insight into polyphenol and gut microbiota crosstalk: are their metabolites the key to understand protective effects against metabolic disorders? Antioxidants 9(10):982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox9100982","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"11","key":"11050_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3744","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13113744","volume":"13","author":"DP Jayatunga","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jayatunga DP, Hone E, Khaira H, Lunelli T, Singh H, Guillemin GJ, Fernando B, Garg ML, Verdile G, Martins RN (2021) Therapeutic potential of mitophagy-inducing microflora metabolite, urolithin A for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nutrients 13(11):3744. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13113744","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"12","key":"11050_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4285","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124285","volume":"13","author":"AF Raimundo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Raimundo AF, Ferreira S, Tom\u00e1s-Barber\u00e1n FA, Santos CN, Menezes R, Urolithins (2021) Diet-derived bioavailable metabolites to tackle diabetes. Nutrients 13(12):4285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13124285","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"11050_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13040429","volume":"13","author":"M Rudrapal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rudrapal M, Rakshit G, Singh RP, Garse S, Khan J, Chakraborty S (2024) Dietary polyphenols: review on chemistry\/sources, bioavailability\/metabolism, antioxidant effects and their role in disease management. Antioxidants 13(4):429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox13040429","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-024-10146-2","volume":"26","author":"S Chaudhary","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chaudhary S, Kaur P, Singh TA, Bano KS, Vyas A, Mishra AK, Singh P, Mehdi MM (2025) The dynamic crosslinking between gut microbiota and inflammation during aging: reviewing the nutritional and hormetic approaches against dysbiosis and inflammaging. Biogerontology 26(1):1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10522-024-10146-2","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"issue":"6","key":"11050_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1568-y","volume":"57","author":"S Khalesi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khalesi S, Johnson DW, Campbell K, Williams S, Fenning A, Saluja S, Irwin C (2018) Effect of probiotics and synbiotics consumption on serum concentrations of liver function test enzymes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 57(6):2037\u20132053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-017-1568-y","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1017\/S095442241700018X","volume":"31","author":"YA Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim YA, Keogh JB, Clifton PM (2018) Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and insulin sensitivity. Nutr Res Rev 31(1):35\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S095442241700018X","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.25163\/microbbioacts.719300","volume":"7","author":"SA Saghir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saghir SA, Al Suede FS (2024) Synergistic efficacy and mechanism of probiotics and prebiotics in enhancing health impact. Microb Bioactives 7(1):1\u20131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25163\/microbbioacts.719300","journal-title":"Microb Bioactives"},{"issue":"7","key":"11050_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.02.011","volume":"162","author":"I Attaye","year":"2022","unstructured":"Attaye I, Warmbrunn MV, Boot AN, van der Wolk SC, Hutten BA, Daams JG, Herrema H, Nieuwdorp M (2022) A systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary interventions modulating gut microbiota and cardiometabolic diseases-striving for new standards in microbiome studies. Gastroenterology 162(7):1911\u20131932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.02.011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"11050_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13061908","volume":"13","author":"A Tremblay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tremblay A, Xu X, Colee J, Tompkins TA (2021) Efficacy of a multi-strain probiotic formulation in pediatric populations: a comprehensive review of clinical studies. Nutrients 13(6):1908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13061908","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"11050_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jain P, Jain A, Deshmukh R, Samal P, Satapathy T Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease MASLD): Exploring systemic impacts and innovative therapies. Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology. 2025 Mar 27:102584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinre.2025.102584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2025.102584"},{"issue":"15","key":"11050_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8805","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158805","volume":"23","author":"RZ Carpi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carpi RZ, Barbalho SM, Sloan KP, Laurindo LF, Gonzaga HF, Grippa PC, Zutin TL, Girio RJ, Repetti CS, Detregiachi CR, Bueno PC (2022) The effects of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in non-alcoholic fat liver disease MASLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis MASH): a systematic review. Int J Mol Sci 23(15):8805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23158805","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"11050_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302339","volume":"61","author":"JS Bajaj","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bajaj JS, O\u2019Leary JG, Wong F, Reddy KR, Kamath PS (2012) Bacterial infections in end-stage liver disease: current challenges and future directions. Gut 61(8):1219\u20131225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302339","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"11050_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kekkonen RA, Lummela N, Karjalainen H, Latvala S, Tynkkynen S, J\u00e4rvenp\u00e4\u00e4 S, Kautiainen H, Julkunen I, Vapaatalo H, Korpela R (2008) Probiotic intervention has strain-specific anti-inflammatory effects in healthy adults. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG. ;14 13):2029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.14.2029","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.2029"},{"key":"11050_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02240","volume":"9","author":"L Vitetta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vitetta L, Vitetta G, Hall S (2018) Immunological tolerance and function: associations between intestinal bacteria, probiotics, prebiotics and phages. Front Immunol 9:2240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02240","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"11050_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14111946","volume":"14","author":"Y Gao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gao Y, Liu Y, Ma T, Liang Q, Sun J, Wu X, Song Y, Nie H, Huang J, Mu G (2025) Fermented Dairy Products as Precision Modulators of Gut Microbiota and Host Health: Mechanistic Insights, Clinical Evidence and Future Directions. Foods 14(11):1946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods14111946","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2226922","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2226922","volume":"15","author":"M Koning","year":"2023","unstructured":"Koning M, Herrema H, Nieuwdorp M, Meijnikman AS (2023) Targeting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via gut microbiome-centered therapies. Gut Microbes 15(1):2226922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2023.2226922","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"11050_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Parthasarathy G, Malhi H, Bajaj JS Therapeutic manipulation of the microbiome in liver disease. Hepatol 2024 Jun 26:10\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000987","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000987"},{"issue":"11","key":"11050_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58111559","volume":"58","author":"L Abenavoli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abenavoli L, Maurizi V, Rinninella E, Tack J, Di Berardino A, Santori P, Rasetti C, Procopio AC, Boccuto L, Scarpellini E (2022) Fecal microbiota transplantation in MASLD treatment. Medicina 58(11):1559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina58111559","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12427","volume":"89","author":"E Albuquerque-Souza","year":"2022","unstructured":"Albuquerque-Souza E, Sahingur SE (2022) Periodontitis, chronic liver diseases and the emerging oral\u2010gut\u2010liver axis. Periodontol 2000 89(1):125\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/prd.12427","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"11050_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439176","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1439176","volume":"15","author":"M Karimi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karimi M, Shirsalimi N, Hashempour Z, Salehi Omran H, Sedighi E, Beigi F, Mortezazadeh M (2024) Safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation FMT) as a modern adjuvant therapy in various diseases and disorders: A comprehensive literature review. Front Immunol 15:1439176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1439176","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"11050_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2018.08.011","volume":"52","author":"KO Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim KO, Gluck M (2019) Fecal microbiota transplantation: an update on clinical practice. Clin endoscopy 52(2):137\u2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfma.2018.08.011. \u200943","journal-title":"Clin endoscopy"},{"issue":"2","key":"11050_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00060","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00060-22","volume":"37","author":"A Yadegar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yadegar A, Bar-Yoseph H, Monaghan TM, Pakpour S, Severino A, Kuijper EJ, Smits WK, Terveer EM, Neupane S, Nabavi-Rad A, Sadeghi J (2024) Fecal microbiota transplantation: current challenges and future landscapes. Clin Microbiol Rev 37(2):e00060\u2013e00022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.00060-22","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"11050_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3448","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073448","volume":"26","author":"M Boulos","year":"2025","unstructured":"Boulos M, Mousa RS, Jeries N, Simaan E, Alam K, Bulus B, Assy N (2025) Hidden in the Fat: Unpacking the Metabolic Tango Between Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 26(7):3448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26073448","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"46","key":"11050_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6693","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i46.6693","volume":"18","author":"M Garcovich","year":"2012","unstructured":"Garcovich M, Zocco MA, Roccarina D, Ponziani FR, Gasbarrini A (2012) Prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy: focusing on gut microbiota. World J Gastroenterology: WJG 18(46):6693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v18.i46.6693","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterology: WJG"},{"issue":"6","key":"11050_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12062210","volume":"12","author":"K Kitsugi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kitsugi K, Kawata K, Noritake H, Chida T, Ohta K, Ito J, Takatori S, Yamashita M, Hanaoka T, Umemura M, Matsumoto M (2023) Rifaximin Improves Liver Functional Reserve by Regulating Systemic Inflammation. J Clin Med 12(6):2210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12062210","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"11050_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020500","volume":"22","author":"M Ferrer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferrer M, Aguilera M, Martinez V (2021) Effects of rifaximin on luminal and wall-adhered gut commensal microbiota in mice. Int J Mol Sci 22(2):500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22020500","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"11050_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478374","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1478374","volume":"15","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Xun L, Qiao R, Jin S, Zhang B, Luo M, Wan P, Zuo Z, Song Z, Qi J (2024) Advances in research on the role of high carbohydrate diet in the process of inflammatory bowel disease IBD). Front Immunol 15:1478374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1478374","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.25163\/microbbioacts.719300","volume":"7","author":"SA Saghir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saghir SA, Al Suede FS (2024) Synergistic efficacy and mechanism of probiotics and prebiotics in enhancing health impact. Microb Bioactives 7(1):1\u20131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25163\/microbbioacts.719300","journal-title":"Microb Bioactives"},{"key":"11050_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341938","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1341938","volume":"15","author":"M Wei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wei M, Tu W, Huang G (2024) Regulating bile acids signaling for MASLD: molecular insights and novel therapeutic interventions. Front Microbiol 15:1341938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1341938","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"11050_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-024-01329-1","volume":"45","author":"YQ Wen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wen YQ, Zou ZY, Zhao GG, Zhang MJ, Zhang YX, Wang GH, Shi JJ, Wang YY, Song YY, Wang HX, Chen RY (2024) FXR activation remodels hepatic and intestinal transcriptional landscapes in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 45(11):2313\u20132327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41401-024-01329-1","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"issue":"7","key":"11050_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37271","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000037271","volume":"103","author":"J Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao J, Li B, Zhang K, Zhu Z (2024) The effect and safety of obeticholic acid for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine 103(7):e37271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000037271","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"11050_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.10.029","volume":"76","author":"ME Rinella","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rinella ME, Dufour JF, Anstee QM, Goodman Z, Younossi Z, Harrison SA, Loomba R, Sanyal AJ, Bonacci M, Trylesinski A, Natha M (2022) Non-invasive evaluation of response to obeticholic acid in patients with MASH: Results from the REGENERATE study. J Hepatol 76(3):536\u2013548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.10.029","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"11050_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gege C, Hambruch E, Hambruch N, Kinzel O, Kremoser C Nonsteroidal FXR ligands: current status and clinical applications. Bile Acids Their Receptors 2019 Jun 14:167\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/164_2019_232","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2019_232"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.87305","volume":"20","author":"Z Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang Z, Danzeng A, Liu Q, Zeng C, Xu L, Mo J, Pingcuo C, Wang X, Wang C, Zhang B, Zhang B (2024) The role of nuclear receptors in the pathogenesis and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Biol Sci 20(1):113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijbs.87305","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"11050_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lin J, Zeng X, Su Z, Li X, Yu Y, Qian S, Hou Q, Duan W, Wang Z, Liu C, Zhang J (2025 Jul) Hyodeoxycholic acid relieves neuropathic pain by activating farnesoid X receptor signaling. J Adv Res 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jare.2025.07.017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2025.07.017"},{"issue":"4","key":"11050_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041616","volume":"18","author":"M Moszak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moszak M, Szuli\u0144ska M, Walczak-Ga\u0142\u0119zewska M, Bogda\u0144ski P (2021) Nutritional approach targeting gut microbiota in MASLD To date. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18(4):1616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18041616","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"11050_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10101499","volume":"10","author":"KE Bach Knudsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bach Knudsen KE, L\u00e6rke HN, Hedemann MS, Nielsen TS, Ingerslev AK, Gundelund Nielsen DS, Theil PK, Purup S, Hald S, Schioldan AG, Marco ML (2018) Impact of diet-modulated butyrate production on intestinal barrier function and inflammation. Nutrients 10(10):1499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10101499","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"11050_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17060948","volume":"17","author":"P Perrone","year":"2025","unstructured":"Perrone P, D\u2019Angelo S (2025) Gut microbiota modulation through Mediterranean diet foods: implications for human health. Nutrients 17(6):948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu17060948","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"11050_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575770","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1575770","volume":"16","author":"M Cebi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cebi M, Yilmaz Y (2025) Epithelial barrier hypothesis in the context of nutrition, microbial dysbiosis and immune dysregulation in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver. Front Immunol 16:1575770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1575770","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"11050_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17060948","volume":"17","author":"P Perrone","year":"2025","unstructured":"Perrone P, D\u2019Angelo S (2025) Gut microbiota modulation through Mediterranean diet foods: implications for human health. Nutrients 17(6):948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu17060948","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"9","key":"11050_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3066","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093066","volume":"21","author":"Y Ji","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ji Y, Yin Y, Sun L, Zhang W (2020) The molecular and mechanistic insights based on gut-liver axis: nutritional target for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease MASLD) improvement. Int J Mol Sci 21(9):3066. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21093066","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"11050_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13030329","volume":"13","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Tan JK, Liu J, Goon JA (2024) Roles of traditional and next-generation probiotics on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease MASLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis MASH): a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Antioxidants 13(3):329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox13030329","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"11050_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929346","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.929346","volume":"13","author":"HZ Gou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gou HZ, Zhang YL, Ren LF, Li ZJ, Zhang L (2022) How do intestinal probiotics restore the intestinal barrier? Front Microbiol 13:929346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.929346","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-014-0189-7","volume":"14","author":"SC Bischoff","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bischoff SC, Barbara G, Buurman W, Ockhuizen T, Schulzke JD, Serino M, Tilg H, Watson A, Wells JM (2014) Intestinal permeability-a new target for disease prevention and therapy. BMC Gastroenterol 14(1):189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-014-0189-7","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"17","key":"11050_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8644","DOI":"10.1039\/D4FO01059K","volume":"15","author":"S Tian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tian S, Lei Y, Zhao F, Che J, Wu Y, Lei P, Kang YE, Shan Y (2024) Improving insulin resistance by sulforaphane via activating the Bacteroides and Lactobacillus SCFAs-GPR-GLP1 signal axis. Food Funct 15(17):8644\u20138660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D4FO01059K","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-04974-6","volume":"22","author":"M He","year":"2024","unstructured":"He M, Wei W, Zhang Y, Xiang Z, Peng D, Kasimumali A, Rong S (2024) Gut microbial metabolites SCFAs and chronic kidney disease. J Translational Med 22(1):172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-024-04974-6","journal-title":"J Translational Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-024-03356-y","volume":"24","author":"Y Pan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pan Y, Yang Y, Wu J, Zhou H, Yang C (2024) Efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on liver enzymes, lipid profiles and inflammation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Gastroenterol 24(1):283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-024-03356-y","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"11050_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052619","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1052619","volume":"9","author":"Y Al-Najjar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Najjar Y, Arabi M, Paul P, Chaari A (2022) Can probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation modulate the gut-liver axis in type 2 diabetes? A narrative and systematic review of clinical trials. Front Nutr 9:1052619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.1052619","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"16","key":"11050_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2708","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17162708","volume":"17","author":"H Guo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guo H, Pan L, Wu Q, Wang L, Huang Z, Wang J, Wang L, Fang X, Dong S, Zhu Y, Liao Z (2025) Type 2 Diabetes and the Multifaceted Gut-X Axes. Nutrients 17(16):2708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu17162708","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"11050_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00538","volume":"7","author":"T Zeng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zeng T, Zhang CL, Xiao M, Yang R, Xie KQ (2016) Critical roles of Kupffer cells in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease: from basic science to clinical trials. Front Immunol 7:538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00538","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"11050_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21991","volume":"44","author":"K Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang K, Zhang Y, Wang G, Hao H, Wang H (2024) FXR agonists for MASH therapy: lessons and perspectives from obeticholic acid. Med Res Rev 44(2):568\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/med.21991","journal-title":"Med Res Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"11050_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1080\/14728214.2020.1796968","volume":"25","author":"RA Shah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shah RA, Alkhouri N, Kowdley KV (2020) Emerging drugs for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a focused review of farnesoid X receptor agonists. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 25(3):251\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14728214.2020.1796968","journal-title":"Expert Opin Emerg Drugs"},{"issue":"16","key":"11050_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5927","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21165927","volume":"21","author":"DM Tanase","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tanase DM, Gosav EM, Neculae E, Costea CF, Ciocoiu M, Hurjui LL, Tarniceriu CC, Floria M (2020) Hypothyroidism-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease HIN): mechanisms and emerging therapeutic options. Int J Mol Sci 21(16):5927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21165927","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"11050_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13061422","volume":"13","author":"A Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu A, Huang M, Xi Y, Deng X, Xu K (2025) Orchestration of Gut-Liver-Associated Transcription Factors in MAFLD: From Cross-Organ Interactions to Therapeutic Innovation. Biomedicines 13(6):1422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines13061422","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"2","key":"11050_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00060","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00060-22","volume":"37","author":"A Yadegar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yadegar A, Bar-Yoseph H, Monaghan TM, Pakpour S, Severino A, Kuijper EJ, Smits WK, Terveer EM, Neupane S, Nabavi-Rad A, Sadeghi J (2024) Fecal microbiota transplantation: current challenges and future landscapes. Clin Microbiol Rev 37(2):e00060\u2013e00022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.00060-22","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"11050_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2022.01.009","volume":"20","author":"H Junca","year":"2022","unstructured":"Junca H, Pieper DH, Medina E (2022) The emerging potential of microbiome transplantation on human health interventions. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 20:615\u2013627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.csbj.2022.01.009","journal-title":"Comput Struct Biotechnol J"},{"issue":"2","key":"11050_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-021-10134-5","volume":"15","author":"PL Jansen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jansen PL (2021) Targeting the ileal bile salt transporter in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hep Intl 15(2):283\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-021-10134-5","journal-title":"Hep Intl"},{"issue":"5","key":"11050_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2024.2343789","volume":"33","author":"A Gairola","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gairola A, Wetten A, Dyson J (2024) Sodium\/bile acid co-transporter inhibitors currently in preclinical or early clinical development for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 33(5):485\u2013495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13543784.2024.2343789","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"issue":"9","key":"11050_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4264","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26094264","volume":"26","author":"B Muttiah","year":"2025","unstructured":"Muttiah B, Hanafiah A (2025) Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Diseases: Unraveling the Role of Dysbiosis and Microbial Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 26(9):4264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26094264","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"11050_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944088","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.944088","volume":"13","author":"G Shao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shao G, Liu Y, Lu L, Zhang G, Zhou W, Wu T, Wang L, Xu H, Ji G (2022) The pathogenesis of HCC driven by MASH and the preventive and therapeutic effects of natural products. Front Pharmacol 13:944088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.944088","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"11050_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maconi G, Camatta D, Cannatelli R, Ferretti F, Carvalhas Gabrielli A, Ardizzone S Budesonide MMX in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: current perspectives on efficacy and safety. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 2021 Apr 7:285\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/TCRM.S263835","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S263835"},{"issue":"11","key":"11050_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2016.1183648","volume":"17","author":"MI Abdalla","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abdalla MI, Herfarth H (2016) Budesonide for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 17(11):1549\u20131559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14656566.2016.1183648","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"11050_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434799","DOI":"10.3389\/fmedt.2024.1434799","volume":"6","author":"TC Dakal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dakal TC, Xu C, Kumar A (2025) Advanced computational tools, artificial intelligence and machine-learning approaches in gut microbiota and biomarker identification. Front Med Technol 6:1434799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmedt.2024.1434799","journal-title":"Front Med Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms15010684","volume":"15","author":"F Del Chierico","year":"2014","unstructured":"Del Chierico F, Gnani D, Vernocchi P, Petrucca A, Alisi A, Dallapiccola B, Nobili V, Lorenza P (2014) Meta-omic platforms to assist in the understanding of MASLD gut microbiota alterations: tools and applications. Int J Mol Sci 15(1):684\u2013711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms15010684","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13062-020-00278-z","volume":"15","author":"L Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang L, Xu C, Yang W, Yu R (2020) A machine learning framework to determine geolocations from metagenomic profiling. Biol Direct 15(1):27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13062-020-00278-z","journal-title":"Biol Direct"},{"issue":"4","key":"11050_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00805-x","volume":"21","author":"SL Collins","year":"2023","unstructured":"Collins SL, Stine JG, Bisanz JE, Okafor CD, Patterson AD (2023) Bile acids and the gut microbiota: metabolic interactions and impacts on disease. Nat Rev Microbiol 21(4):236\u2013247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-022-00805-x","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"11050_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14020084","volume":"14","author":"E Monti","year":"2025","unstructured":"Monti E, Vianello C, Leoni I, Galvani G, Lippolis A, D\u2019Amico F, Roggiani S, Stefanelli C, Turroni S, Fornari F (2025) Gut microbiome modulation in hepatocellular carcinoma: preventive role in MASLD\/MASH progression and potential applications in Immunotherapy-Based strategies. Cells 14(2):84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells14020084","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"12","key":"11050_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6485","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126485","volume":"22","author":"F Fianchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fianchi F, Liguori A, Gasbarrini A, Grieco A, Miele L (2021) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease MASLD) as model of gut-liver axis interaction: From pathophysiology to potential target of treatment for personalized therapy. Int J Mol Sci 22(12):6485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22126485","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"18","key":"11050_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16183061","volume":"16","author":"H Yuan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yuan H, Jung ES, Chae SW, Jung SJ, Daily JW, Park S (2024) Biomarkers for health functional foods in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disorder MASLD) prevention: an integrative analysis of network pharmacology, gut microbiota and multi-omics. Nutrients 16(18):3061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16183061","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"11050_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-023-00471-4","volume":"7","author":"AY Woo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Woo AY, Aguilar Ramos MA, Narayan R, Richards-Corke KC, Wang ML, Sandoval-Espinola WJ, Balskus EP (2023) Targeting the human gut microbiome with small-molecule inhibitors. Nat Reviews Chem 7(5):319\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41570-023-00471-4","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"11050_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.21037\/hbsn-20-270","volume":"10","author":"S Sookoian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sookoian S, Pirola CJ (2021) Liver tissue microbiota in nonalcoholic liver disease: a change in the paradigm of host-bacterial interactions. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 10(3):337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/hbsn-20-270","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"11050_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13112142","volume":"13","author":"O Ramos-Lopez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ramos-Lopez O (2022) Multi-omics nutritional approaches targeting metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. Genes 13(11):2142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes13112142","journal-title":"Genes"},{"issue":"17","key":"11050_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4342","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13174342","volume":"13","author":"J Giraud","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giraud J, Saleh M (2021) Host-Microbiota interactions in liver inflammation and Cancer. Cancers 13(17):4342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers13174342","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"8","key":"11050_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0014-9","volume":"15","author":"VW Wong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wong VW, Adams LA, de Ledinghen V, Wong GL, Sookoian S (2018) Noninvasive biomarkers in MASLD and MASH current progress and future promise. Nat reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol 15(8):461\u2013478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-018-0014-9","journal-title":"Nat reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"11050_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14080908","volume":"14","author":"JS Hwang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hwang JS, Lai TH, Kim DR (2025) Targeting Lipophagy in Liver Diseases: Impact on Oxidative Stress and Steatohepatitis. Antioxidants 14(8):908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox14080908","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"10","key":"11050_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-023-00615-w","volume":"24","author":"A Baysoy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baysoy A, Bai Z, Satija R, Fan R (2023) The technological landscape and applications of single-cell multi-omics. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 24(10):695\u2013713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-023-00615-w","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"11050_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-022-01078-8","volume":"25","author":"P Mohammadi-Shemirani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mohammadi-Shemirani P, Sood T, Pare G (2023) From \u2018omics to multi-omics technologies: the discovery of novel causal mediators. Curr Atheroscler Rep 25(2):55\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11883-022-01078-8","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"11050_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Proctor LM, Chhibba S, McEwen J, Peterson J, Wellington C, Baker C, Giovanni M, McInnes P, Lunsford RD The NIH human microbiome project. Hum Microbiota: How Microb Communities Affect Health Disease 2013 Aug 2:1\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118409855","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118409855"},{"key":"11050_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592157","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.592157","volume":"11","author":"K Jadhav","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jadhav K, Cohen TS (2020) Can you trust your gut? Implicating a disrupted intestinal microbiome in the progression of MASLD\/MASH. Front Endocrinol 11:592157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2020.592157","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"29","key":"11050_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39051","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000039051","volume":"103","author":"B Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim B, Song A, Son A, Shin Y (2024) Gut microbiota and epigenetic choreography: Implications for human health: A review. Medicine 103(29):e39051. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000039051","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"11050_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01906-5","volume":"42","author":"A Wahl","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wahl A, Yao W, Liao B, Chateau M, Richardson C, Ling L, Franks A, Senthil K, Doyon G, Li F, Frost J (2024) A germ-free humanized mouse model shows the contribution of resident microbiota to human-specific pathogen infection. Nat Biotechnol 42(6):905\u2013915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41587-023-01906-5","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"11050_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12671","volume":"44","author":"A Mira","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mira A, Simon-Soro A, Curtis MA (2017) Role of microbial communities in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and caries. J Clin Periodontol 44:S23\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpe.12671","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"11050_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Srivastav S, Lavanya, Avasthi A, Kaur N, Gaertner W, Kesheri M, Kanchan S, Sharda S Integromics: tracking the multi-omic expanse in theragnostics. InMicrobial omics in environment and health 2024 Jun 27 pp. 135\u2013173). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-97-1769-9_6","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-1769-9_6"},{"issue":"11","key":"11050_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20160510","volume":"474","author":"E Thursby","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thursby E, Juge N (2017) Introduction to the human gut microbiota. Biochem J 474(11):1823\u20131836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/BCJ20160510","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"6","key":"11050_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-018-0519-1","volume":"2","author":"S Louca","year":"2018","unstructured":"Louca S, Polz MF, Mazel F, Albright MB, Huber JA, O\u2019Connor MI, Ackermann M, Hahn AS, Srivastava DS, Crowe SA, Doebeli M (2018) Function and functional redundancy in microbial systems. Nat Ecol Evol 2(6):936\u2013943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41559-018-0519-1","journal-title":"Nat Ecol Evol"},{"key":"11050_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.08.005","volume":"63","author":"V Shukla","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shukla V, Singh S, Verma S, Verma S, Rizvi AA, Abbas M (2024) Targeting the microbiome to improve human health with the approach of personalized medicine: Latest aspects and current updates. Clin Nutr ESPEN 63:813\u2013820. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.08.005","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"key":"11050_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elkrief A, Pidgeon R, Maleki Vareki S, Messaoudene M, Castagner B, Routy B The gut microbiome as a target in cancer immunotherapy: opportunities and challenges for drug development. Nat Reviews Drug Discovery 2025 Jun 2:1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41573-025-01211-7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-025-01211-7"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2018.02.003","volume":"33","author":"SR Sharpton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharpton SR, Schnabl B, Knight R, Loomba R (2021) Current concepts, opportunities and challenges of gut microbiome-based personalized medicine in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell Metabol 33(1):21\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semcancer.2018.02.003","journal-title":"Cell Metabol"},{"key":"11050_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ebadpour N, Abavisani M, Sahebkar A Microbiome-driven precision medicine: Advancing drug development with pharmacomicrobiomics. J Drug Target 2025 May 20:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1061186X.2025.2509283","DOI":"10.1080\/1061186X.2025.2509283"},{"issue":"6","key":"11050_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00581-2","volume":"19","author":"A Metwaly","year":"2022","unstructured":"Metwaly A, Reitmeier S, Haller D (2022) Microbiome risk profiles as biomarkers for inflammatory and metabolic disorders. Nat reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol 19(6):383\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-022-00581-2","journal-title":"Nat reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"11050_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00998-9","volume":"22","author":"K Ratiner","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ratiner K, Ciocan D, Abdeen SK, Elinav E (2024) Utilization of the microbiome in personalized medicine. Nat Rev Microbiol 22(5):291\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-023-00998-9","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"11050_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2412001","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.2412.12001","volume":"35","author":"SY Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang SY, Han SM, Lee JY, Kim KS, Lee JE, Lee DW (2025) Advancing Gut Microbiome Research: The Shift from Metagenomics to Multi-Omics and Future Perspectives. J Microbiol Biotechnol 35:e2412001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4014\/jmb.2412.12001","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2489067","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2489067","volume":"17","author":"M Nagayama","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nagayama M, Gogokhia L, Longman RS (2025) Precision microbiota therapy for IBD: premise and promise. Gut Microbes 17(1):2489067. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2025.2489067","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"6","key":"11050_CR220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00667-9","volume":"20","author":"MT Sorbara","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sorbara MT, Pamer EG (2022) Microbiome-based therapeutics. Nat Rev Microbiol 20(6):365\u2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-021-00667-9. \u200980","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"11050_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-025-01041-3","volume":"22","author":"A Metwaly","year":"2025","unstructured":"Metwaly A, Kriaa A, Hassani Z, Carraturo F, Druart C, Arnauts K, Wilmes P, Walter J, Rosshart S, Desai MS (2025) A Consensus Statement on establishing causality, therapeutic applications and the use of preclinical models in microbiome research. Nat Reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol 22(5):343\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-025-01041-3","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"50","key":"11050_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2409102","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202409102","volume":"36","author":"L Qi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qi L, Li Z, Liu J, Chen X (2024) Omics-Enhanced Nanomedicine for Cancer Therapy. Adv Mater 36(50):2409102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202409102","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6657515","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/6657515","volume":"2023","author":"D Thanush","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thanush D, Basavaraj HC, Gowrav MP (2023) Current regulation and initial considerations for successful development and commercialization of microbiome therapies. Adv Gut Microbiome Res 2023(1):6657515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/6657515","journal-title":"Adv Gut Microbiome Res"},{"key":"11050_CR224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441290","DOI":"10.3389\/frmbi.2024.1441290","volume":"3","author":"D Barberio","year":"2024","unstructured":"Microbiome Therapeutics Innovation Group, Barberio D (2024) Navigating regulatory and analytical challenges in live biotherapeutic product development and manufacturing. Front Microbiomes 3:1441290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frmbi.2024.1441290","journal-title":"Front Microbiomes"},{"key":"11050_CR225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ogunjobi TT, Okafor AM, Ohuonu NI, Nebolisa NM, Abimbolu AK, Ajayi RO, Afuape AR, Ojajuni MG, Ogunbor OO, Elijah EU, Akinwande KG (2024 Sep) Navigating the complexity of the human microbiome: implications for biomedical science and disease treatment. Medinformatics 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47852\/bonviewMEDIN42022988","DOI":"10.47852\/bonviewMEDIN42022988"},{"key":"11050_CR226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cammarota G, Ianiro G, Kelly CR, Mullish BH, Allegretti JR, Kassam Z, Putignani L, Fischer M, Keller JJ, Costello SP, Sokol H (2019) International consensus conference on stool banking for faecal microbiota transplantation in clinical practice. Gut. ;68 12):2111-21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319548","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319548"},{"issue":"2","key":"11050_CR227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00060","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00060-22","volume":"37","author":"A Yadegar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yadegar A, Bar-Yoseph H, Monaghan TM, Pakpour S, Severino A, Kuijper EJ, Smits WK, Terveer EM, Neupane S, Nabavi-Rad A, Sadeghi J (2024) Fecal microbiota transplantation: current challenges and future landscapes. Clin Microbiol Rev 37(2):e00060\u2013e00022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.00060-22","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13357","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13357","volume":"91","author":"T Suzuki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suzuki T (2020) Regulation of the intestinal barrier by nutrients: The role of tight junctions. Anim Sci J 91(1):e13357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/asj.13357","journal-title":"Anim Sci J"},{"key":"11050_CR229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Van Itallie CM, anderson JM Architecture of tight junctions and principles of molecular composition. InSeminars in cell & developmental biology 2014 Dec 1 Vol. 36, pp. 157\u2013165). Academic Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semcdb.2014.08.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2014.08.011"},{"issue":"6343","key":"11050_CR230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaab0530","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab053","volume":"356","author":"HB Park","year":"2017","unstructured":"Park HB, Kamcev J, Robeson LM, Elimelech M, Freeman BD (2017) Maximizing the right stuff: The trade-off between membrane permeability and selectivity. Science 356(6343):eaab0530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aab053","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"11050_CR231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-010-0658-6","volume":"395","author":"K Buttenschoen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Buttenschoen K, Radermacher P, Bracht H (2010) Endotoxin elimination in sepsis: physiology and therapeutic application. Langenbeck\u2019s archives Surg 395(6):597\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00423-010-0658-6","journal-title":"Langenbeck\u2019s archives Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"11050_CR232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00566-7","volume":"19","author":"CD Fuchs","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fuchs CD, Trauner M (2022) Role of bile acids and their receptors in gastrointestinal and hepatic pathophysiology. Nat reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol 19(7):432\u2013450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-021-00566-7","journal-title":"Nat reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"17","key":"11050_CR233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i17.2058","volume":"7","author":"GI Tsiaoussis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tsiaoussis GI, Assimakopoulos SF, Tsamandas AC, Triantos CK, Thomopoulos KC (2015) Intestinal barrier dysfunction in cirrhosis: Current concepts in pathophysiology and clinical implications. World J Hepatol 7(17):2058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4254\/wjh.v7.i17.2058","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"11050_CR234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594150","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.594150","volume":"11","author":"S Mohammad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohammad S, Thiemermann C (2021) Role of metabolic endotoxemia in systemic inflammation and potential interventions. Front Immunol 11:594150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.594150","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"11050_CR235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00612","volume":"6","author":"S De Santis","year":"2015","unstructured":"De Santis S, Cavalcanti E, Mastronardi M, Jirillo E, Chieppa M (2015) Nutritional keys for intestinal barrier modulation. Front Immunol 6:612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00612","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10010083","volume":"10","author":"P Portincasa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Portincasa P, Bonfrate L, Khalil M, Angelis MD, Calabrese FM, D\u2019amato M, Wang DQ, Di Ciaula A (2021) Intestinal barrier and permeability in health, obesity and MASLD. Biomedicines 10(1):83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines10010083","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"21","key":"11050_CR237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8351","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218351","volume":"21","author":"J Plaza-D\u00edaz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Plaza-D\u00edaz J, Sol\u00eds-Urra P, Rodr\u00edguez-Rodr\u00edguez F, Olivares-Arancibia J, Navarro-Oliveros M, Abad\u00eda-Molina F, \u00c1lvarez-Mercado AI (2020) The gut barrier, intestinal microbiota and liver disease: molecular mechanisms and strategies to manage. Int J Mol Sci 21(21):8351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21218351","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"11050_CR238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05581-y","volume":"64","author":"P Amornphimoltham","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amornphimoltham P, Yuen PS, Star RA, Leelahavanichkul A (2019) Gut leakage of fungal-derived inflammatory mediators: part of a gut-liver-kidney axis in bacterial sepsis. Dig Dis Sci 64(9):2416\u20132428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-019-05581-y","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"11050_CR239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.33963\/KP.a2023.0115","volume":"81","author":"F Violi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Violi F, Nocella C, Bartimoccia S, Castellani V, Carnevale R, Pignatelli P, Cammisotto V (2023) Gut dysbiosis-derived low-grade endotoxemia: A common basis for liver and cardiovascular disease. Pol Heart J Kardiologia Polska) 81(6):563\u2013571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33963\/KP.a2023.0115","journal-title":"Pol Heart J Kardiologia Polska)"},{"key":"11050_CR240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gomes JM, de Assis Costa J, Alfenas RD (2017) Metabolic endotoxemia and diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Metabolism 68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2016.12.009. :133\u2009\u2013\u200944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2016.12.009"},{"issue":"4","key":"11050_CR241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13040243","volume":"13","author":"C Long","year":"2024","unstructured":"Long C, Zhou X, Xia F, Zhou B (2024) Intestinal barrier dysfunction and gut microbiota in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: assessment, mechanisms and therapeutic considerations. Biology 13(4):243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology13040243","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"11050_CR242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li D, Wu M (2021) Pattern recognition receptors in health and diseases. Signal transduction and targeted therapy. 6(1):291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-021-00687-0","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00687-0"},{"key":"11050_CR243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jung F, Brandt A, Bergheim I (2023) Intestinal Barrier and Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns PAMPs) in the Development and Therapy of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease. InAlcohol and Alcohol-related Diseases. Oct 21 pp. 1167\u20131183). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-32483-3_61","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-32483-3_61"},{"issue":"14","key":"11050_CR244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7423","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO00911K","volume":"13","author":"H Kaur","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaur H, Ali SA (2022) Probiotics and gut microbiota: Mechanistic insights into gut immune homeostasis through TLR pathway regulation. Food Funct 13(14):7423\u20137447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D2FO00911K","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"11050_CR245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00177","volume":"5","author":"R Meli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Meli R, Mattace Raso G, Calignano A (2014) Role of innate immune response in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: metabolic complications and therapeutic tools. Front Immunol 5:177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00177","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"24","key":"11050_CR246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13397","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413397","volume":"22","author":"K Wicherska-Paw\u0142owska","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wicherska-Paw\u0142owska K, Wr\u00f3bel T, Rybka J (2021) Toll-like receptors TLRs), NOD-like receptors NLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors RLRs) in innate immunity. TLRs, NLRs and RLRs ligands as immunotherapeutic agents for hematopoietic diseases. Int J Mol Sci 22(24):13397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms222413397","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"11050_CR247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s12298-024-01452-7","volume":"30","author":"Z Nabi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nabi Z, Manzoor S, Nabi SU, Wani TA, Gulzar H, Farooq M, Arya VM, Baloch FS, Vl\u0103dulescu C, Popescu SM, Mansoor S (2024) Pattern-Triggered Immunity and Effector-Triggered Immunity: crosstalk and cooperation of PRR and NLR-mediated plant defense pathways during host-pathogen interactions. Physiol Mol Biology Plants 30(4):587\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12298-024-01452-7","journal-title":"Physiol Mol Biology Plants"},{"issue":"6","key":"11050_CR248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.12.04","volume":"3","author":"V Bieghs","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bieghs V, Trautwein C (2014) Innate immune signaling and gut-liver interactions in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 3(6):377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3978\/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.12.04","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"11050_CR249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00771-6","volume":"20","author":"O Pabst","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pabst O, Hornef MW, Schaap FG, Cerovic V, Clavel T, Bruns T (2023) Gut-liver axis: barriers and functional circuits. Nat Reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol 20(7):447\u2013461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-023-00771-6","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"11050_CR250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gracia-Sancho J, Caparros E, Fernandez-Iglesias A, Frances R (2021) Role of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in liver diseases. Nature reviews Gastroenterology & hepatology, 18 6), pp.411\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-020-00411-3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00411-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v10.i1.1","volume":"10","author":"JA Del Campo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Del Campo JA, Gallego P, Grande L (2018) Role of inflammatory response in liver diseases: Therapeutic strategies. World J Hepatol 10(1):1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4254\/wjh.v10.i1.1","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"11050_CR252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.11.03","volume":"3","author":"R Weiskirchen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Weiskirchen R, Tacke F (2014) Cellular and molecular functions of hepatic stellate cells in inflammatory responses and liver immunology. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 3(6):344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3978\/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.11.03","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr"},{"key":"11050_CR253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199519","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1199519","volume":"11","author":"GX Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu GX, Wei S, Yu C, Zhao SQ, Yang WJ, Feng YH, Pan C, Yang KX, Ma Y (2023) Activation of Kupffer cells in MASLD and MASH: Mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Front cell Dev biology 11:1199519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2023.1199519","journal-title":"Front cell Dev biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"11050_CR254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12483","volume":"280","author":"J Jager","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jager J, Aparicio-Vergara M, Aouadi M (2016) Liver innate immune cells and insulin resistance: the multiple facets of Kupffer cells. J Intern Med 280(2):209\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joim.12483","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G107","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00391.2009","volume":"298","author":"N Lanthier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lanthier N, Molendi-Coste O, Horsmans Y, van Rooijen N, Cani PD, Leclercq IA (2010) Kupffer cell activation is a causal factor for hepatic insulin resistance. Am J Physiology-Gastrointestinal Liver Physiol 298(1):G107\u2013G116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00391.2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiology-Gastrointestinal Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.21037\/hbsn.2020.03.27","volume":"10","author":"C Mandato","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mandato C, Bovi AP, Vajro P (2021) The gut-liver axis as a target of liver disease management. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 10(1):100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/hbsn.2020.03.27","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr"},{"key":"11050_CR257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2018_318","volume":"22","author":"V Nobili","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nobili V, Mosca A, Alterio T, Cardile S, Putignani L (2018) Figurehting fatty liver diseases with nutritional interventions, probiotics, symbiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation FMT). Probiotics and Child Gastrointestinal Health: Advances in Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Public Health 10. Dec 22:85\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/5584_2018_318","journal-title":"Dec"},{"issue":"9","key":"11050_CR258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3618","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00161-10","volume":"54","author":"C Darkoh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Darkoh C, Lichtenberger LM, Ajami N, Dial EJ, Jiang ZD, DuPont HL (2010) Bile acids improve the antimicrobial effect of rifaximin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54(9):3618\u20133624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.00161-10","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"11050_CR259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841132","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.841132","volume":"13","author":"J Jian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jian J, Nie MT, Xiang B, Qian H, Yin C, Zhang X, Zhang M, Zhu X, Xie WF (2022) Rifaximin ameliorates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice through regulating gut microbiome-related bile acids. Front Pharmacol 13:841132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.841132","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"11050_CR260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108730","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v17.i8.108730","volume":"17","author":"SA Al-Busafi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Al-Busafi SA, Alwassief A, Madian A, Atalla H, Alboraie M, Elbahrawy A, Eslam M (2025) WJH World 17(8):108730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4254\/wjh.v17.i8.108730","journal-title":"WJH World"},{"key":"11050_CR261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024678","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1024678","volume":"9","author":"W Xing","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xing W, Gao W, Lv X, Zhao Z, Mao G, Dong X, Zhang Z (2022) The effects of supplementation of probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics on patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr 9:1024678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.1024678","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"11050_CR262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10010083","volume":"10","author":"P Portincasa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Portincasa P, Bonfrate L, Khalil M, Angelis MD, Calabrese FM, D\u2019amato M, Wang DQ, Di Ciaula A (2021) Intestinal barrier and permeability in health, obesity and MASLD. Biomedicines 10(1):83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines10010083","journal-title":"Biomedicines"}],"container-title":["Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12602-026-11050-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12602-026-11050-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12602-026-11050-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T02:24:53Z","timestamp":1781231093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12602-026-11050-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"references-count":262,"alternative-id":["11050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-026-11050-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1867-1306","1867-1314"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1867-1306","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-1314","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This manuscript is a review. Hence, no experiments in animals or humans are included in this study, so ethical approval and consent are not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"This manuscript does not contain any personal data. Hence, no consent is required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that, they have used AI-assisted technologies only in the writing process to improve the readability and language of the manuscript, after that, the content carefully revised and modified by the authors.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration of generative AI in scientific writing"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The manuscript is a review article (not a part of Clinical trial), hence no Clinical trial no is applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial No"}}]}}