{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T14:02:29Z","timestamp":1789394549551,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":166,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot."],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-026-11213-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:27:24Z","timestamp":1789345644000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Postbiotic Metabolites: Therapeutic Potential, Industrial Applications, Market Dynamics, and Regulatory Frameworks"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Atru Gnana Surya","family":"Chandu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akula Venkata","family":"Nagarjuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abinaya","family":"Soundar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siby","family":"Isac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahana","family":"Nedunchezhian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayathri Shama","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kavish Kumar","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"11213_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061779","volume":"12","author":"M Selma-Royo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Selma-Royo M, Garc\u00eda-Mantrana I, Calatayud M, Parra-Llorca A, Mart\u00ednez-Costa C, Collado MC (2020) Maternal Microbiota, Cortisol Concentration, and Post-Partum Weight Recovery Are Dependent on Mode of Delivery. Nutrients 12(6):1779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12061779 PubMed PMID: 32549282; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7353435","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"8","key":"11213_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66","volume":"11","author":"C Hill","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G, Gibson GR, Merenstein DJ, Pot B et al (2014) The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 11(8):506\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"11213_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.75","volume":"14","author":"GR Gibson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gibson GR, Hutkins R, Sanders ME, Prescott SL, Reimer RA, Salminen SJ et al (2017) Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 14(8):491\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.75 PubMed PMID: 28611480","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"11213_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0344-2","volume":"17","author":"KS Swanson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Swanson KS, Gibson GR, Hutkins R, Reimer RA, Reid G, Verbeke K et al (2020) The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of synbiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 17(11):687\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-020-0344-2 PubMed PMID: 32826966; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7581511","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"11213_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aggarwal S, Sabharwal V, Kaushik P, Joshi A, Aayushi A, Suri M, Postbiotics (2022) From emerging concept to application. Front Sustain Food Syst 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsufs.2022.887642","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2022.887642"},{"issue":"2","key":"11213_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15020291","volume":"15","author":"L Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma L, Tu H, Chen T (2023) Postbiotics in Human Health: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 15(2):291 doi:10.3390\/nu15020291 PubMed PMID: 36678162; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9863882","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"11213_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00545","volume":"8","author":"N Su\u00e1rez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Su\u00e1rez N, Ferrara F, Rial A, Dee V, Chabalgoity JA (2020) Bacterial Lysates as Immunotherapies for Respiratory Infections: Methods of Preparation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 8:545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00545 PubMed PMID: 32582669; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7289947","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"issue":"4","key":"11213_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-025-10458-w","volume":"17","author":"N Khani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khani N, Shakeri AH, Houshmandi S, Ziavand M, Abedi-Soleimani R, Hosseinzadeh N et al (2025) The Promising Biological Role of Postbiotics in Treating Human Infertility. Probiotics Antimicro Prot 17(4):2166\u20132178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-025-10458-w","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicro Prot"},{"issue":"3","key":"11213_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-024-10416-y","volume":"17","author":"N Khani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khani N, Bonyadi M, Soleimani RA, Raziabad RH, Ahmadi M, Homayouni-Rad A, Postbiotics (2025) As a Promising Tools in the Treatment of Celiac Disease. Probiotics Antimicro Prot 17(3):1513\u20131522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-024-10416-y","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicro Prot"},{"issue":"9","key":"11213_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00440-6","volume":"18","author":"S Salminen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salminen S, Collado MC, Endo A, Hill C, Lebeer S, Quigley EMM et al (2021) The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 18(9):649\u2013667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-021-00440-6","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"11213_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12111640","volume":"12","author":"E Scott","year":"2022","unstructured":"Scott E, De Paepe K, Van de Wiele T (2022) Postbiotics and Their Health Modulatory Biomolecules. Biomolecules 12(11):1640 doi:10.3390\/biom12111640 PubMed PMID: 36358990; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9688025","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"4","key":"11213_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041225","volume":"13","author":"RA Siciliano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Siciliano RA, Reale A, Mazzeo MF, Morandi S, Silvetti T, Brasca M, Paraprobiotics (2021) A New Perspective for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals. Nutrients 13(4):1225 doi:10.3390\/nu13041225 PubMed PMID: 33917707; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8068161","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"11213_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000231","volume":"48","author":"A Cicenia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cicenia A, Scirocco A, Carabotti M, Pallotta L, Marignani M, Severi C (2014) Postbiotic activities of lactobacilli-derived factors. J Clin Gastroenterol 48(Suppl 1):S18\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000231 PubMed PMID: 25291118","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"11213_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143548","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1143548","volume":"14","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Zhang Z, Tang P, Wu Y, Zhang A, Li D et al (2023) Probiotics fortify intestinal barrier function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Front Immunol 14:1143548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1143548 PubMed PMID: 37168869; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10165082","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"11213_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i12.1519","volume":"17","author":"RB Canani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Canani RB, Costanzo MD, Leone L, Pedata M, Meli R, Calignano A (2011) Potential beneficial effects of butyrate in intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. World J Gastroenterol 17(12):1519\u20131528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v17.i12.1519 PubMed PMID: 21472114; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3070119","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"11213_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ouwehand AC, Invernici MM, Furlaneto FAC, Messora MR (2018) Effectiveness of Multistrain Versus Single-strain Probiotics: Current Status and Recommendations for the Future. J Clin Gastroenterol. ;52 Suppl 1, Proceedings from the 9th Probiotics, Prebiotics and New Foods, Nutraceuticals and Botanicals for Nutrition&Human and Microbiota Health Meeting, held in Rome, Italy from September 10 to 12, 2017:S35\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001052 PubMed PMID: 29734210","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001052"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-020-01426-w","volume":"19","author":"BH Nataraj","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nataraj BH, Ali SA, Behare PV, Yadav H (2020) Postbiotics-parabiotics: the new horizons in microbial biotherapy and functional foods. Microb Cell Fact 19(1):168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12934-020-01426-w PubMed PMID: 32819443; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7441679","journal-title":"Microb Cell Fact"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9010008","volume":"9","author":"S Duranti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Duranti S, Longhi G, Ventura M, van Sinderen D, Turroni F (2021) Exploring the Ecology of Bifidobacteria and Their Genetic Adaptation to the Mammalian Gut. Microorganisms 9(1):8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms9010008","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"11213_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2016.11.010","volume":"44","author":"ML Marco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Marco ML, Heeney D, Binda S, Cifelli CJ, Cotter PD, Folign\u00e9 B et al (2017) Health benefits of fermented foods: microbiota and beyond. Curr Opin Biotechnol 44:94\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copbio.2016.11.010 PubMed PMID: 27998788","journal-title":"Curr Opin Biotechnol"},{"issue":"3","key":"11213_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s12263-011-0218-x","volume":"6","author":"V Tverniti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tverniti V, Guglielmetti S (2011) The immunomodulatory properties of probiotic microorganisms beyond their viability (ghost probiotics: proposal of paraprobiotic concept). Genes Nutr 6(3):261\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12263-011-0218-x PubMed PMID: 21499799; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3145061","journal-title":"Genes Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-017-0691-z","volume":"16","author":"JG LeBlanc","year":"2017","unstructured":"LeBlanc JG, Chain F, Mart\u00edn R, Berm\u00fadez-Humar\u00e1n LG, Courau S, Langella P (2017) Beneficial effects on host energy metabolism of short-chain fatty acids and vitamins produced by commensal and probiotic bacteria. Microb Cell Fact 16(1):79. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12934-017-0691-z","journal-title":"Microb Cell Fact"},{"issue":"9","key":"11213_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R","volume":"54","author":"G den Besten","year":"2013","unstructured":"den Besten G, van Eunen K, Groen AK, Venema K, Reijngoud DJ, Bakker BM (2013) The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism. J Lipid Res 54(9):2325\u20132340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.R036012 PubMed PMID: 23821742; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3735932","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"11213_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/61","volume":"61","author":"TM Wolever","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wolever TM, Spadafora PJ, Cunnane SC, Pencharz PB (1995) Propionate inhibits incorporation of colonic [1,2-13\u00a0C]acetate into plasma lipids in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 61(6):1241\u20131247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/61.6.1241 PubMed PMID: 7762524","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"11213_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200603000-00015","volume":"40","author":"JMW Wong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wong JMW, de Souza R, Kendall CWC, Emam A, Jenkins DJA (2006) Colonic health: fermentation and short chain fatty acids. J Clin Gastroenterol 40(3):235\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004836-200603000-00015 PubMed PMID: 16633129","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"11213_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.06.009","volume":"87","author":"CM van der Beek","year":"2018","unstructured":"van der Beek CM, Canfora EE, Kip AM, Gorissen SHM, Olde Damink SWM, van Eijk HM et al (2018) The prebiotic inulin improves substrate metabolism and promotes short-chain fatty acid production in overweight to obese men. Metabolism 87:25\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.06.009 PubMed PMID: 29953876","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"12","key":"11213_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16203","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.203","volume":"1","author":"JC Lagier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lagier JC, Khelaifia S, Alou MT, Ndongo S, Dione N, Hugon P et al (2016) Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics. Nat Microbiol 1(12):16203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.203 PubMed PMID: 27819657; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC12094094","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"11213_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.103955","volume":"69","author":"S Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang S, Pan J, Zhang Z, Yan X (2020) Investigation of dietary fructooligosaccharides from different production methods: Interpreting the impact of compositions on probiotic metabolism and growth. J Funct Foods 69:103955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jff.2020.103955","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"issue":"2","key":"11213_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272613","volume":"595","author":"E Boets","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boets E, Gomand SV, Deroover L, Preston T, Vermeulen K, De Preter V et al (2017) Systemic availability and metabolism of colonic-derived short-chain fatty acids in healthy subjects: a stable isotope study. J Physiol 595(2):541\u2013555 272613 PubMed PMID: 27510655; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5233652","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"11213_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2003.10.005","volume":"40","author":"B Beutler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Beutler B (2004) Innate immunity: an overview. Mol Immunol 40(12):845\u2013859. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molimm.2003.10.005 PubMed PMID: 14698223","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"11213_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1267","volume":"24","author":"REW Hancock","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hancock REW, Sahl HG (2006) Antimicrobial and host-defense peptides as new anti-infective therapeutic strategies. Nat Biotechnol 24(12):1551\u20131557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nbt1267","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"7","key":"11213_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680590968637","volume":"30","author":"YJ Gordon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gordon YJ, Romanowski EG, McDermott AM (2005) A review of antimicrobial peptides and their therapeutic potential as anti-infective drugs. Curr Eye Res 30(7):505\u2013515 doi:10.1080\/02713680590968637 PubMed PMID: 16020284; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1497874","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"11213_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.704","volume":"11","author":"JB McPhee","year":"2005","unstructured":"McPhee JB, Hancock REW (2005) Function and therapeutic potential of host defence peptides. J Pept Sci 11(11):677\u2013687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/psc.704 PubMed PMID: 16103989","journal-title":"J Pept Sci"},{"key":"11213_CR33","unstructured":"Bacteriocins developing innate immunity for food | Nature Reviews Microbiology. [cited 2026 May 18]. Available from: https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrmicro1273"},{"key":"11213_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.61","volume":"61","author":"JM Willey","year":"2007","unstructured":"Willey JM, van der Donk WA (2007) Lantibiotics: peptides of diverse structure and function. Annu Rev Microbiol 61:477\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.micro.61.080706.093501 PubMed PMID: 17506681","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"11213_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02816501","volume":"43","author":"NA Olasupo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Olasupo NA (1998) Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by plantaricin NA, an antibacterial substance from Lactobacillus plantarum. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 43(2):151\u2013155. 101007\/BF02816501 PubMed PMID: 9721606","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol (Praha)"},{"key":"11213_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-7-89","volume":"7","author":"R Hammami","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hammami R, Zouhir A, Ben Hamida J, Fliss I (2007) BACTIBASE: a new web-accessible database for bacteriocin characterization. BMC Microbiol 7:89. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2180-7-89 PubMed PMID: 17941971; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2211298","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"11213_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12122311","volume":"12","author":"Y Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang Y, Wang Y, Shang N, Li P (2023) Microbial Fermentation Processes of Lactic Acid: Challenges, Solutions, and Future Prospects. Foods 12(12):2311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods12122311","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"11213_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Katla T, Naterstad K, Vancanneyt M, Swings J, Axelsson L. Differences in Susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes Strains to Sakacin P, Sakacin A (2003) Pediocin PA-1, and Nisin. Appl Environ Microbiol. ;69(8):4431\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.69.8.4431-4437. 2003 PubMed PMID: 12902226; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC169072","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.8.4431-4437"},{"issue":"2","key":"11213_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.00016-05","volume":"70","author":"D Drider","year":"2006","unstructured":"Drider D, Fimland G, H\u00e9chard Y, McMullen LM, Pr\u00e9vost H (2006) The Continuing Story of Class IIa Bacteriocins. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 70(2):564\u2013582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mmbr.00016-05","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24093","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24093","volume":"36","author":"A Darbandi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Darbandi A, Asadi A, Mahdizade Ari M, Ohadi E, Talebi M, Halaj Zadeh M et al (2022) Bacteriocins: Properties and potential use as antimicrobials. J Clin Lab Anal 36(1):e24093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcla.24093 PubMed PMID: 34851542; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8761470","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"11213_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e118021","DOI":"10.1590\/fst.118021","volume":"43","author":"AB Aljohani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aljohani AB, Al-Hejin AM, Shori AB (2023) Bacteriocins as promising antimicrobial peptides, definition, classification, and their potential applications in cheeses. Food Sci Technol 43:e118021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/fst.118021","journal-title":"Food Sci Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation10010048","volume":"10","author":"X Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang X, Hong J, Wang L, Cai C, Mo H, Wang J et al (2024) Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation on Plant-Based Products. Fermentation 10(1):48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fermentation10010048","journal-title":"Fermentation"},{"issue":"5","key":"11213_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8050639","volume":"8","author":"A Simons","year":"2020","unstructured":"Simons A, Alhanout K, Duval RE, Bacteriocins (2020) Antimicrobial Peptides from Bacterial Origin: Overview of Their Biology and Their Impact against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Microorganisms 8(5):639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms8050639 PubMed PMID: 32349409; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7285073","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"11213_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Applications of Bacteriocins of Lactic Acid Bacteria in (2022) Biotechnology and Food Preservation: A Bibliometric Review. Open Microbiol J 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/18742858-v16-e2206300","DOI":"10.2174\/18742858-v16-e2206300"},{"issue":"2","key":"11213_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.200610203","volume":"47","author":"AS Kumar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kumar AS, Mody K, Jha B (2007) Bacterial exopolysaccharides\u2013a perception. J Basic Microbiol 47(2):103\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jobm.200610203 PubMed PMID: 17440912","journal-title":"J Basic Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"11213_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8121904","volume":"8","author":"C Nachtigall","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nachtigall C, Vogel C, Rohm H, Jaros D (2020) How Capsular Exopolysaccharides Affect Cell Surface Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria. Microorganisms 8(12):1904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms8121904","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"11213_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masquerading microbial pathogens capsular polysaccharides mimic host-tissue molecules | FEMS Microbiology Reviews | Oxford Academic. [cited 2026 May 18]. Available from: https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/femsre\/article\/38\/4\/660\/757098","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6976.12056"},{"key":"11213_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Noroozi E, Tebianian M, Taghizadeh M, Dadar M, Mojgani N (2021) Anticarcinogenic Potential of Probiotic, Postbiotic Metabolites and Paraprobiotics on Human Cancer Cells. 153\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-16-0223-8_6","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-0223-8_6"},{"key":"11213_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sanlibaba P, \u00c7akmak GA Exopolysaccharides Production by Lactic Acid Bacteria. Appl Microbiology: Open Access 2(2):1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2471-9315.1000115","DOI":"10.4172\/2471-9315.1000115"},{"key":"11213_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.078","volume":"136","author":"O Taylan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Taylan O, Yilmaz MT, Dertli E (2019) Partial characterization of a levan type exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides showing immunostimulatory and antioxidant activities. Int J Biol Macromol 136:436\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.078","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"2","key":"11213_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.60.2.740-745","volume":"60","author":"T Ophir","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ophir T, Gutnick DL (1994) A role for exopolysaccharides in the protection of microorganisms from desiccation. Appl Environ Microbiol 60(2):740\u2013745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.60.2.740-745.1994 PubMed PMID: 16349202; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC201377","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"11213_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.1999.tb00395.x","volume":"23","author":"L De Vuyst","year":"1999","unstructured":"De Vuyst L, Degeest B (1999) Heteropolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 23(2):153\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1574-6976.1999.tb00395.x","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"11213_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-019-1841-2","volume":"9","author":"M Indira","year":"2019","unstructured":"Indira M, Venkateswarulu TC, Abraham Peele K, Nazneen B, Md, Krupanidhi S (2019) Bioactive molecules of probiotic bacteria and their mechanism of action: a review. 3 Biotech 9(8):306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13205-019-1841-2 PubMed PMID: 31355115; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6656846","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"issue":"11","key":"11213_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6680","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-7962","volume":"97","author":"Y Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen Y, Liu W, Xue J, Yang J, Chen X, Shao Y et al (2014) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity of Lactobacillus helveticus strains from traditional fermented dairy foods and antihypertensive effect of fermented milk of strain H9. J Dairy Sci 97(11):6680\u20136692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2014-7962 PubMed PMID: 25151888","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1079\/bjn19920009","volume":"67","author":"M de Vrese","year":"1992","unstructured":"de Vrese M, Keller B, Barth CA (1992) Enhancement of intestinal hydrolysis of lactose by microbial beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) of kefir. Br J Nutr 67(1):67\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/bjn19920009 PubMed PMID: 1547204","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR56","first-page":"12","volume":"24","author":"\u00d6 \u00d6ner","year":"2014","unstructured":"\u00d6ner \u00d6, Aslim B, Ayda\u015f SB (2014) Mechanisms of cholesterol-lowering effects of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria strains as potential probiotics with their bsh gene analysis. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 24(1):12\u201318 doi:10.1159\/000354316 PubMed PMID: 24158048","journal-title":"J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"11213_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.01.101","volume":"546","author":"J Meng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meng J, Wang YY, Hao YP (2021) Protective function of surface layer protein from Lactobacillus casei fb05 against intestinal pathogens in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 546:15\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.01.101 PubMed PMID: 33561743","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"18","key":"11213_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2937","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13182937","volume":"13","author":"A Kumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar A, Green KM, Rawat M (2024) A Comprehensive Overview of Postbiotics with a Special Focus on Discovery Techniques and Clinical Applications. Foods 13(18):2937. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods13182937","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"11213_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8831694","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8831694","volume":"2020","author":"A Chawafambira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chawafambira A, Sedibe MM, Mpofu A, Achilonu M (2020) Probiotic Potential, Iron and Zinc Bioaccessibility, and Sensory Quality of Uapaca kirkiana Fruit Jam Fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus Yoba. Int J Food Sci 2020:8831694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/8831694 PubMed PMID: 33426051; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7775139","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci"},{"key":"11213_CR60","unstructured":"Gamma-aminobutyric acid as a potential postbiotic mediator in the gut\u2013brain axis | npj Science of Food. [cited 2026 May 18]. Available from: https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41538-024-00253-2"},{"issue":"6","key":"11213_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-022-09992-8","volume":"14","author":"RP Singh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh RP, Shadan A, Ma Y (2022) Biotechnological Applications of Probiotics: A Multifarious Weapon to Disease and Metabolic Abnormality. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 14(6):1184\u20131210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-022-09992-8 PubMed PMID: 36121610; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9483357","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"issue":"10","key":"11213_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1093\/procel\/pwad","volume":"14","author":"Q Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang Q, Yang Q, Liu X (2023) The microbiota-gut-brain axis and neurodevelopmental disorders. Protein Cell 14(10):762\u2013775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/procel\/pwad026 PubMed PMID: 37166201; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10599644","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"11213_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.12.3069","volume":"136","author":"Y Hirose","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hirose Y, Murosaki S, Yamamoto Y, Yoshikai Y, Tsuru T (2006) Daily intake of heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 augments acquired immunity in healthy adults. J Nutr 136(12):3069\u20133073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/136.12.3069 PubMed PMID: 17116721","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"11213_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2009.04","volume":"9","author":"N Maeda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maeda N, Nakamura R, Hirose Y, Murosaki S, Yamamoto Y, Kase T et al (2009) Oral administration of heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 enhances protection against influenza virus infection by stimulation of type I interferon production in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 9(9):1122\u20131125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2009.04.015 PubMed PMID: 19410659","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"11213_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110911","volume":"152","author":"XJ Mi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mi XJ, Tran THM, Park HR, Xu XY, Subramaniyam S, Choi HS et al (2022) Immune-enhancing effects of postbiotic produced by Bacillus velezensis Kh2-2 isolated from Korea Foods. Food Res Int 152:110911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110911","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"11213_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu Y, Wang J, Wu C (2022) Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Immune System by Probiotics, Pre-biotics, and Post-biotics. Front Nutr 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2021.634897","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.634897"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11010104","volume":"11","author":"A Szyd\u0142owska","year":"2022","unstructured":"Szyd\u0142owska A, Sionek B (2022) Probiotics and Postbiotics as the Functional Food Components Affecting the Immune Response. Microorganisms 11(1):104 doi:10.3390\/microorganisms11010104 PubMed PMID: 36677396; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9862734","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11560","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62441-0","volume":"14","author":"N Rezaie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rezaie N, Aghamohammad S, Haj Agha Gholizadeh Khiavi E, Khatami S, Sohrabi A, Rohani M (2024) The comparative anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy of postbiotics and probiotics through Nrf-2 and NF-kB pathways in DSS-induced colitis model. Sci Rep 14(1):11560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-62441-0","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"11213_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tong Y, Guo H, Abbas Z, Zhang J, Wang J, Cheng Q et al (2023) Optimizing postbiotic production through solid-state fermentation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SN4 enhances antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Front Microbiol 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1229952","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1229952"},{"issue":"10","key":"11213_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20212397","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20212397","volume":"219","author":"Z Qiu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qiu Z, Zhu Z, Liu X, Chen B, Yin H, Gu C et al (2022) A dysregulated sebum-microbial metabolite-IL-33 axis initiates skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis. J Exp Med 219(10):e20212397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20212397 PubMed PMID: 35977109; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9375142","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"11213_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2022.09.248","volume":"142","author":"L Huuskonen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huuskonen L, Anglenius H, Ahonen I, Tiihonen K (2022) 237 Screening of soluble metabolites produced by probiotics on human dermal fibroblasts for anti-aging properties. J Invest Dermatol 142(12):S220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jid.2022.09.248","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"11213_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.2404.04052","volume":"34","author":"HW Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee HW, Jung HS, Lee NK, Paik HD (2024) Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Paraprobiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KU15122 in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells. J Microbiol Biotechnol 34(7):1491\u20131500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4014\/jmb.2404.04052 PubMed PMID: 38960876; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11294648","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"3","key":"11213_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics7030070","volume":"7","author":"M Majeed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Majeed M, Majeed S, Nagabhushanam K, Mundkur L, Rajalakshmi HR, Shah K et al (2020) Novel Topical Application of a Postbiotic, LactoSporin\u00ae, in Mild to Moderate Acne: A Randomized, Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate its Efficacy, Tolerability and Safety. Cosmetics 7(3):70. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cosmetics7030070","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"issue":"6","key":"11213_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13062099","volume":"13","author":"Y Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen Y, Xu J, Chen Y (2021) Regulation of Neurotransmitters by the Gut Microbiota and Effects on Cognition in Neurological Disorders. Nutrients 13(6):2099 doi:10.3390\/nu13062099 PubMed PMID: 34205336; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8234057","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"10","key":"11213_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527313666141130205242","volume":"13","author":"A Slyepchenko","year":"2014","unstructured":"Slyepchenko A, Carvalho AF, Cha DS, Kasper S, McIntyre RS (2014) Gut emotions - mechanisms of action of probiotics as novel therapeutic targets for depression and anxiety disorders. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 13(10):1770\u20131786 doi:10.2174\/1871527313666141130205242 PubMed PMID: 25470391","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets"},{"issue":"5","key":"11213_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.3390\/life14050559","volume":"14","author":"S Facchin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Facchin S, Bertin L, Bonazzi E, Lorenzon G, De Barba C, Barberio B et al (2024) Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Human Health: From Metabolic Pathways to Current Therapeutic Implications. Life (Basel) 14(5):559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life14050559 PubMed PMID: 38792581; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11122327","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"11213_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112352","volume":"145","author":"R Mirzaei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mirzaei R, Dehkhodaie E, Bouzari B, Rahimi M, Gholestani A, Hosseini-Fard SR et al (2022) Dual role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids on host and pathogen. Biomed Pharmacother 145:112352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112352","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"11213_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garrote GL, Abraham AG, Rumbo M (2015) Is lactate an undervalued functional component of fermented food products? Front Microbiol 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00629","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00629"},{"issue":"6","key":"11213_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-023","volume":"15","author":"B Liang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liang B, Xing D (2023) The Current and Future Perspectives of Postbiotics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 15(6):1626\u20131643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-023-10045-x PubMed PMID: 36763279; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9913028","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"11213_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.103953","volume":"69","author":"L Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang L, Cen S, Wang G, Lee Ykun, Zhao J, Zhang H et al (2020) Acetic acid and butyric acid released in large intestine play different roles in the alleviation of constipation. J Funct Foods 69:103953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jff.2020.103953","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1868-7083-4-4","volume":"4","author":"R Berni Canani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Berni Canani R, Di Costanzo M, Leone L (2012) The epigenetic effects of butyrate: potential therapeutic implications for clinical practice. Clin Epigenetics 4(1):4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1868-7083-4-4 PubMed PMID: 22414433; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3312834","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics"},{"issue":"11","key":"11213_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-59","volume":"59","author":"BJ Juven","year":"1996","unstructured":"Juven BJ, Pierson MD (1996) Antibacterial Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide and Methods for Its Detection and Quantitation \u2020. J Food Prot 59(11):1233\u20131241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4315\/0362-028X-5911.1233 PubMed PMID: 31195444","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"issue":"3","key":"11213_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230014","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.230014","volume":"13","author":"LM Ney","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ney LM, Wipplinger M, Grossmann M, Engert N, Wegner VD, Mosig AS (2023) Short chain fatty acids: key regulators of the local and systemic immune response in inflammatory diseases and infections. Open Biol 13(3):230014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsob.230014 PubMed PMID: 36977462; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10049789","journal-title":"Open Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"11213_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10040898","volume":"10","author":"H Hassan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hassan H, St-Gelais D, Gomaa A, Fliss I (2021) Impact of Nisin and Nisin-Producing Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis on Clostridium tyrobutyricum and Bacterial Ecosystem of Cheese Matrices. Foods 10(4):898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods10040898 PubMed PMID: 33921812; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8073774","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"2","key":"11213_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-020-02054-z","volume":"203","author":"S Khelissa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khelissa S, Chihib NE, Gharsallaoui A (2021) Conditions of nisin production by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and its main uses as a food preservative. Arch Microbiol 203(2):465\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00203-020-02054-z PubMed PMID: 33001222","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"11213_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5441","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25105441","volume":"25","author":"E Hijov\u00e1","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hijov\u00e1 E (2024) Postbiotics as Metabolites and Their Biotherapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 25(10):5441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25105441","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"11213_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2023.127550","volume":"279","author":"null Kavita","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kavita null, Om H, Chand U, Kushawaha PK, Postbiotics (2024) An alternative and innovative intervention for the therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. Microbiol Res 279:127550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micres.2023.127550 PubMed PMID: 38016379","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"11213_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.09","volume":"139","author":"I Kepert","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kepert I, Fonseca J, M\u00fcller C, Milger K, Hochwind K, Kostric M et al (2017) D-tryptophan from probiotic bacteria influences the gut microbiome and allergic airway disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 139(5):1525\u20131535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.09.003 PubMed PMID: 27670239","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"19","key":"11213_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20194673","volume":"20","author":"CAM Wegh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wegh CAM, Geerlings SY, Knol J, Roeselers G, Belzer C (2019) Postbiotics and Their Potential Applications in Early Life Nutrition and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 20(19):4673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20194673 PubMed PMID: 31547172; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6801921","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"11213_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lipoteichoic acid from Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis BPL1: a novel postbiotic that reduces fat deposition via IGF-1 pathway - Balaguer\u2009\u2013\u20092022 - Microbial Biotechnology - Wiley Online Library. [cited 2026 May 18]. Available from: https:\/\/enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1751-7915.13769","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.13769"},{"key":"11213_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.123962","volume":"236","author":"D Pradhan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pradhan D, Gulati G, Avadhani R, H M R, Soumya K, Kumari A et al (2023) Postbiotic Lipoteichoic acid of probiotic Lactobacillus origin ameliorates inflammation in HT-29 cells and colitis mice. Int J Biol Macromol 236:123962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.123962 PubMed PMID: 36907160","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-023-02264-2","volume":"22","author":"S Kaur","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaur S, Sharma P, Mayer MJ, Neuert S, Narbad A, Kaur S (2023) Beneficial effects of GABA-producing potential probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum L18 of human origin on intestinal permeability and human gut microbiota. Microb Cell Fact 22(1):256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12934-023-02264-2 PubMed PMID: 38087304; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10717626","journal-title":"Microb Cell Fact"},{"issue":"2","key":"11213_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.13721","volume":"105","author":"S Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang S, Wang P, Wang D, Shen S, Wang S, Li Y et al (2025) Postbiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: efficacy, mechanism, and therapeutic implications. J Sci Food Agric 105(2):721\u2013734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jsfa.13721 PubMed PMID: 39007163","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"},{"issue":"15","key":"11213_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201021666200516154833","volume":"21","author":"AH Rad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rad AH, Abbasi A, Kafil HS, Ganbarov K (2020) Potential Pharmaceutical and Food Applications of Postbiotics: A Review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 21(15):1576\u20131587 doi:10.2174\/1389201021666200516154833 PubMed PMID: 32416671","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Biotechnol"},{"key":"11213_CR95","unstructured":"Overview of Postbiotics ADVAGEN Postbio | Gut Microbiome & Immune Health. [cited 2026 May 18]. Available from: https:\/\/advagen.com\/postbio\/postbiotic-and-gut-health\/postbiotic\/"},{"key":"11213_CR96","unstructured":"Postbiotic Market Size Expected to Reach $3 Billion by 2031. [cited 2026 May 18]. Available from: https:\/\/www.alliedmarketresearch.com\/press-release\/postbiotic-market.html"},{"key":"11213_CR97","unstructured":"IMMUSE LC-Plasma Your Immune Advantage. [cited 2026 May 18]. Available from: https:\/\/immusehealth.com"},{"key":"11213_CR98","unstructured":"ADM\u2019s DE111 Gut Health Probiotic Approved by the National Health Commission (NHC) in China. [cited 2026 May 18]. Available from: https:\/\/www.adm.com\/en-us\/news\/news-releases\/2024\/4\/adms-de111tm-gut-health-probiotic-approved-by-the-national-health-commission-nhc-in-china\/"},{"key":"11213_CR99","unstructured":"., Glac Biotech Co, Probiotics L, Supplements P, Manufacturer P Probiotic Nutrit. [cited 2026 May 18]. Glac Biotech\u2019s Totipro\u00ae PE0401. Available from: https:\/\/glacbiotech.com\/news\/www.glacbiotech.com"},{"key":"11213_CR100","unstructured":"EpiCor\u00ae Postbiotic - North America. [cited 2026 May 18]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cargill.com\/supplements\/epicor-postbiotic-ingredient"},{"key":"11213_CR101","unstructured":"L137 Plant-Based Lactic Acid Bacteria - Unveiling the Amazing Secrets of Next-Generation Postbiotics That Surpass Good Bacteria. [cited 2026 May 18]. Available from: https:\/\/www.l137.com\/"},{"key":"11213_CR102","unstructured":"Sabinsa and Postbiotics Inc announce a Multinational Distribution Agreement for the Postbiotic Dietary Supplement Ingredient PoZibio\u00ae - Sabinsa Canada Inc. | Health Nutrition Industry. [cited 2026 May 18]. Available from: https:\/\/sabinsa.ca\/press-release-2024\/1325-sabinsa-and-postbiotics-inc-announce-a-multinational-distribution-agreement-for-the-postbiotic-dietary-supplement-ingredient-pozibio"},{"key":"11213_CR103","unstructured":"https:\/\/www biogaiagroup.com. [cited 2026 May 18]. BioGaia\u00ae Osfortis\u00ae winner of the NutraIngredients Awards 2022 \u2013 BioGaia. Available from: https:\/\/www.biogaiagroup.com\/press\/biogaia-osfortis-winner-of-the-nutraingredients-awards-2022"},{"key":"11213_CR104","unstructured":"Boost Your Immune System with Yakult | Best Immunity Drink. [cited 2026 May 18]. Available from: https:\/\/www.yakult.co.in\/immunity"},{"key":"11213_CR105","unstructured":"Aesthetics by Design [cited 2026 May 18]. Aesthetics by Design. Available from: https:\/\/aestheticsbydesign.com"},{"key":"11213_CR106","unstructured":"LactoPlan | Nutraferma. [cited 2026 May 18]. Available from: https:\/\/www.nutraferma.com\/products\/direct-fed-microbials\/lactoplan\/"},{"issue":"5","key":"11213_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11051344","volume":"11","author":"AQ Chong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chong AQ, Lau SW, Chin NL, Talib RA, Basha RK (2023) Fermented Beverage Benefits: A Comprehensive Review and Comparison of Kombucha and Kefir Microbiome. Microorganisms 11(5):1344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms11051344","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"5","key":"11213_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12051005","volume":"12","author":"F Boukid","year":"2023","unstructured":"Boukid F, Hassoun A, Zouari A, T\u00fclbek M\u00c7, Mefleh M, A\u00eft-Kaddour A et al (2023) Fermentation for Designing Innovative Plant-Based Meat and Dairy Alternatives. Foods 12(5):1005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods12051005","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"18","key":"11213_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3701","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14183701","volume":"14","author":"M Park","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park M, Joung M, Park JH, Ha SK, Park HY (2022) Role of Postbiotics in Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders. Nutrients 14(18):3701 doi:10.3390\/nu14183701 PubMed PMID: 36145077; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9503758","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"11213_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11061420","volume":"11","author":"CV De Almeida","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Almeida CV, Antiga E, Lulli M (2023) Oral and Topical Probiotics and Postbiotics in Skincare and Dermatological Therapy: A Concise Review. Microorganisms 11(6):1420 doi:10.3390\/microorganisms11061420 PubMed PMID: 37374920; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10301930","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"11213_CR111","unstructured":"Postbiotic Salicylic Acid Serum Atache. [cited 2026 May 18]. Available from: https:\/\/atache.com\/en\/product\/serum-postbiotic-salicylic-acid\/"},{"key":"11213_CR112","unstructured":"(PDF) Role of postbiotics in food and health: a comprehensive review. ResearchGate. 2026 Mar 18 [cited 2026 May 19]. Available from: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/382917883_Role_of_postbiotics_in_food_and_health_a_comprehensive_review"},{"issue":"26","key":"11213_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8375","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2056727","volume":"63","author":"S Sabahi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sabahi S, Homayouni Rad A, Aghebati-Maleki L, Sangtarash N, Ozma MA, Karimi A et al (2023) Postbiotics as the new frontier in food and pharmaceutical research. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 63(26):8375\u20138402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2022.2056727 PubMed PMID: 35348016","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"11213_CR114","unstructured":"Nutrasource [cited 2026 May 18]. Microbio Co., Ltd. Achieves Self-Affirmed GRAS for Symbiota\u00ae. Available from: https:\/\/www.nutrasource.ca\/resources\/news\/microbio-co-ltd-achieves-self-affirmed-gras-for-symbiota\/"},{"issue":"9","key":"11213_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e06780","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2021.6780","volume":"19","author":"D Turck","year":"2021","unstructured":"EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA), Turck D, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, De Henauw S, Hirsch-Ernst KI et al (2021) Safety of pasteurised Akkermansia muciniphila as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015\/2283. EFSA J 19(9):e06780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2021.6780 PubMed PMID: 34484452; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8409316","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"11213_CR116","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Food. [cited 2026 May 18]. Available from: https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/english\/topics\/foodsafety\/"},{"key":"11213_CR117","unstructured":"kim. Monthly Collection China and International Food Regulatory Updates in February 2025. ZMUni Compliance Centre. 2025 Mar 10 [cited 2026 May 19]. Available from: https:\/\/www.zmuni.com\/en\/news\/monthly-collection-china-and-international-food-regulatory-11\/"},{"key":"11213_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2018.03.009","volume":"75","author":"JE Aguilar-Toal\u00e1","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aguilar-Toal\u00e1 JE, Garcia-Varela R, Garcia HS, Mata-Haro V, Gonz\u00e1lez-C\u00f3rdova AF, Vallejo-Cordoba B et al (2018) Postbiotics: An evolving term within the functional foods field. Trends Food Sci Technol 75:105\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tifs.2018.03.009","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"11213_CR119","unstructured":"Program HF, FDA. FDA (2024) [cited 2026 May 18]. Dietary Supplements. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/dietary-supplements"},{"key":"11213_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guidance on the scientific requirements for health claims related to the immune system, the gastrointestinal tract and defence against pathogenic microorganisms - \u2013\u20092016 - EFSA Journal - Wiley Online Library. [cited 2026 May 18]. Available from: https:\/\/efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2016.4369","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2016.4369"},{"issue":"2","key":"11213_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2019.03.011","volume":"8","author":"S Iwatani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Iwatani S, Yamamoto N (2019) Functional food products in Japan: A review. Food Sci Hum Wellness 8(2):96\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fshw.2019.03.011","journal-title":"Food Sci Hum Wellness"},{"issue":"9","key":"11213_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00440-6","volume":"18","author":"S Salminen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salminen S, Collado MC, Endo A, Hill C, Lebeer S, Quigley EMM et al (2021) The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 18(9):649\u2013667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-021-00440-6 PubMed PMID: 33948025; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8387231","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"11213_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002213","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut","volume":"9","author":"G Vinderola","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vinderola G, Sanders ME, Salminen S, Szajewska H, Postbiotics (2022) The concept and their use in healthy populations. Front Nutr 9:1002213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut2022.1002213 PubMed PMID: 36570166; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9780264","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"11213_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e05294","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2018.5294","volume":"16","author":"M Younes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Younes M, Aggett P, Aguilar F, Crebelli R, Dusemund B, Filipic\u010d M et al (2018) Guidance on safety evaluation of sources of nutrients and bioavailability of nutrient from the sources. EFSA J 16(6):e05294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2018.5294 PubMed PMID: 32625933; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7009562","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e04680","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2017.4680","volume":"15","author":"D Turck","year":"2017","unstructured":"Turck D, Bresson J, Burlingame B, Dean T, Fairweather-Tait S, Heinonen M et al (2017) Scientific and technical guidance for the preparation and presentation of a health claim application (Revision 2). EFSA J 15(1):e04680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2017.4680 PubMed PMID: 32625270; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7009937","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"11213_CR126","unstructured":"Program HF, FDA (2024) Label Claims for Conventional Foods and Dietary Supplements. Sep 3 [cited 2026 May 18]. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/nutrition-food-labeling-and-critical-foods\/label-claims-conventional-foods-and-dietary-supplements"},{"key":"11213_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Microbiome Therapeutics Innovation Group, Barberio D (2024) Navigating regulatory and analytical challenges in live biotherapeutic product development and manufacturing. Front Microbiomes 3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frmbi.2024.1441290","DOI":"10.3389\/frmbi.2024.1441290"},{"issue":"4","key":"11213_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18433\/j32s3n","volume":"11","author":"D Patel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Patel D, Dufour Y, Domigan N (2008) Functional food and nutraceutical registration processes in Japan and China: a diffusion of innovation perspective. J Pharm Pharm Sci 11(4):1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18433\/j32s3n PubMed PMID: 19183509","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"11213_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8121907","volume":"8","author":"M Zommiti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zommiti M, Feuilloley MGJ, Connil N (2020) Update of Probiotics in Human World: A Nonstop Source of Benefactions till the End of Time. Microorganisms 8(12):1907 doi:10.3390\/microorganisms8121907 PubMed PMID: 33266303; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7760123","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"11213_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ji J, Jin W, Liu S, Jiao Z, Li X (2020) Probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in health and disease. MedComm 2023;4(6):e420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mco2. 420 PubMed PMID: 37929014; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10625129","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2"},{"key":"11213_CR131","unstructured":"Scattergood G NutraIngredients.com. 2024 [cited 2026 May 19]. Growth Asia Summit 2024: Probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics set to star at our flagship Singapore summit. Available from: https:\/\/www.nutraingredients.com\/Article\/2024\/03\/27\/probiotics-prebiotics-and-postbiotics-set-to-star-at-growth-asia-summit-2024\/"},{"key":"11213_CR132","unstructured":"About IPA - International Probiotics Association. [cited 2026 May 18]. Available from: https:\/\/ipa-biotics.org\/about-ipa\/"},{"issue":"6","key":"11213_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3391","DOI":"10.3390\/app13063391","volume":"13","author":"ALS Oliveira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oliveira ALS, Seara M, Carvalho MJ, de Carvalho NM, Costa EM, Silva S et al (2023) Production of Sustainable Postbiotics from Sugarcane Straw for Potential Food Applications. Appl Sci 13(6):3391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app13063391","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"19","key":"11213_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3094","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11193094","volume":"11","author":"P Thorakkattu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thorakkattu P, Khanashyam AC, Shah K, Babu KS, Mundanat AS, Deliephan A et al (2022) Postbiotics: Current Trends in Food and Pharmaceutical Industry. Foods 11(19):3094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods11193094 PubMed PMID: 36230169; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9564201","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"11213_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bansal S, Mangal M, Sharma S, Yadav D, Gupta R (2014) Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Probiotic Soy Yoghurt Using Response Surface Methodology. J Food Process Preserv 39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfpp.12415","DOI":"10.1111\/jfpp.12415"},{"key":"11213_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Optimisation of fermentation conditions for probiotication of sorghum wort by Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 - Hassani\u2009\u2013\u20092015 - International Journal of Food Science & Technology - Wiley Online Library. [cited 2026 May 18]. Available from: https:\/\/ifst.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijfs.12880","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.12880"},{"key":"11213_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Teame T, Wang A, Xie M, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Ding Q et al (2020) Paraprobiotics and Postbiotics of Probiotic Lactobacilli, Their Positive Effects on the Host and Action Mechanisms: A Review. Front Nutr 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2020.570344","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.570344"},{"key":"11213_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2024.101650","volume":"23","author":"L Wei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wei L, Wang B, Bai J, Zhang Y, Liu C, Suo H et al (2024) Postbiotics are a candidate for new functional foods. Food Chemistry: X 23:101650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fochx.2024.101650","journal-title":"Food Chemistry: X"},{"key":"11213_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"SenSharma S, DashSharma S, Ghosh S, Pramanik MHD, Pramanik G (2025) S. Effect of Various Environmental Factors on Processing and Storage of Nutraceuticals. In: Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals. Springer, Singapore; [cited 2026 May 18]. pp. 1\u201328. Available from: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/rwe\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-97-9936-7_24-1 doi:10.1007\/978-981-97-9936-7_24-1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-9936-7_24-1"},{"key":"11213_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-024-01704-5","volume":"14","author":"M Khakpour","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khakpour M, Mohsenzadeh M, Salari A (2024) Feasibility of lactiplantibacillus plantarum postbiotics production in challenging media by different techniques. AMB Express 14:47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13568-024-01704-5 PubMed PMID: 38668839; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11052967","journal-title":"AMB Express"},{"key":"11213_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Preservation of Postbiotics by Spray-Drying Microencapsulation | Springer Nature Experiments. [cited 2026 May 18]. Available from: https:\/\/experiments.springernature.com\/articles\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-3421-9_56","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3421-9_56"},{"key":"11213_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Puthezhath P, Dhanapal CK, Krishnakumar K, Kumar BD (2024) Microencapsulation Of Probiotics- A Review. Int J Pharm Sci 02(09). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.13764819. Located at: World","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.13764819"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FB00094J","volume":"2","author":"S Chaturvedi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chaturvedi S, Chakraborty S (2024) Effect of temperature and packaging materials on the shelf-life stability and in vitro properties of microencapsulated and spray-dried synbiotic legume-based instant beverage powder. Sustainable Food Technol 2(1):162\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D3FB00094J","journal-title":"Sustainable Food Technol"},{"key":"11213_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Soleimani R, Shokouhian S, Houshyar J, Khani N, Abachi S, Gonbari Milani P et al (2023) Postbiotic Bioactive Packaging Systems: Rev Curr Nutr Food Sci 19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1573401319666230309122819","DOI":"10.2174\/1573401319666230309122819"},{"key":"11213_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Boyte ME, Benkowski A, Pane M, Shehata HR (2023) Probiotic and postbiotic analytical methods: a perspective of available enumeration techniques. Front Microbiol 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1304621","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1304621"},{"issue":"5","key":"11213_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4153","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-024-03701-9","volume":"18","author":"A Homayouni-Rad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Homayouni-Rad A, Pouragha B, Houshyar J, Soleimani RA, Kazemi S, Keisan S et al (2025) Postbiotic Application: A Review on Extraction, Purification, and Characterization Methods. Food Bioprocess Technol 18(5):4153\u20134174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11947-024-03701-9","journal-title":"Food Bioprocess Technol"},{"key":"11213_CR147","unstructured":"Introducing new opportunities for postbiotic food and drinks. [cited 2026 May 18]. Available from: https:\/\/www.tetrapak.com\/en-in\/about-tetra-pak\/news-and-events\/newsarchive\/tetra-pak-and-ab-biotek-introduce-new-opportunities-for-postbiotic-food-and-drinks"},{"issue":"17","key":"11213_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5768","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2158174","volume":"64","author":"Y Zhong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhong Y, Wang T, Luo R, Liu J, Jin R, Peng X (2024) Recent advances and potentiality of postbiotics in the food industry: Composition, inactivation methods, current applications in metabolic syndrome, and future trends. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 64(17):5768\u20135792 .2158174 PubMed PMID: 36537328","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"11213_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guidance on the risk assessment of genetically modified microorganisms and their products intended for food and feed use - \u2013\u20092011 - EFSA Journal - Wiley Online Library. [cited 2026 May 18]. Available from: https:\/\/efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2011.2193","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2011.2193"},{"key":"11213_CR150","unstructured":"GMO authorisation - Food Safety - European Commission. [cited 2026 May 18]. Available from: https:\/\/food.ec.europa.eu\/plants\/genetically-modified-organisms\/gmo-authorisation_en"},{"key":"11213_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu L, Helal SE, Peng N CRISPR-Cas-Based Engineering of Probiotics. Biodes Res 5:0017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/bdr.0017 PubMed PMID: 37849462; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10541000.","DOI":"10.34133\/bdr"},{"issue":"7","key":"11213_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.27753","volume":"118","author":"X Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou X, Wang X, Luo H, Wang Y, Wang Y, Tu T et al (2021) Exploiting heterologous and endogenous CRISPR-Cas systems for genome editing in the probiotic Clostridium butyricum. Biotechnol Bioeng 118(7):2448\u20132459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bit.27753 PubMed PMID: 33719068","journal-title":"Biotechnol Bioeng"},{"issue":"10","key":"11213_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-022-01123-x","volume":"31","author":"HJ Chung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chung HJ, Lee H, Kim M, Lee JW, Saeed M, Lee H et al (2022) Development and metabolic profiling of a postbiotic complex exhibiting antibacterial activity against skin microorganisms and anti-inflammatory effect on human keratinocytes. Food Sci Biotechnol 31(10):1325\u20131334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10068-022-01123-x PubMed PMID: 35992320; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9385932","journal-title":"Food Sci Biotechnol"},{"issue":"8","key":"11213_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9080913","volume":"9","author":"J de Toro-Mart\u00edn","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Toro-Mart\u00edn J, Arsenault BJ, Despr\u00e9s JP, Vohl MC (2017) Precision Nutrition: A Review of Personalized Nutritional Approaches for the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 9(8):913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu9080913 PubMed PMID: 28829397; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5579706","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"11213_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17583","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.17583","volume":"12","author":"G Kallapura","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kallapura G, Prakash AS, Sankaran K, Manjappa P, Chaudhary P, Ambhore S et al (2024) Microbiota based personalized nutrition improves hyperglycaemia and hypertension parameters and reduces inflammation: a prospective, open label, controlled, randomized, comparative, proof of concept study. PeerJ 12:e17583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.17583 PubMed PMID: 38948211; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11214429","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41538-022-00169-9","volume":"6","author":"T Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang T, Zhang W, Feng C, Kwok LY, He Q, Sun Z (2022) Stronger gut microbiome modulatory effects by postbiotics than probiotics in a mouse colitis model. npj Sci Food 6(1):53. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41538-022-00169-9","journal-title":"npj Sci Food"},{"issue":"2","key":"11213_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14020217","volume":"14","author":"M Kamel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kamel M, Aleya S, Alsubih M, Aleya L (2024) Microbiome Dynamics: A Paradigm Shift in Combatting Infectious Diseases. J Pers Med 14(2):217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm14020217 PubMed PMID: 38392650; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10890469","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"11213_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4033","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16234033","volume":"16","author":"E Pokushalov","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pokushalov E, Ponomarenko A, Shrainer E, Kudlay D, Miller R (2024) Biomarker-Guided Dietary Supplementation: A Narrative Review of Precision in Personalized Nutrition. Nutrients 16(23):4033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16234033 PubMed PMID: 39683427; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11643751","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"11213_CR159","first-page":"139","volume":"43","author":"M Lima","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lima M, Paulino LC (2024) Oral Postbiotics as a Therapeutic Strategy for Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Am Nutr Assoc 43(2):139\u2013146 2023.2232021 PubMed PMID: 37459239","journal-title":"J Am Nutr Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24021","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-76153-y","volume":"14","author":"A Rahimi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rahimi A, Qaisar SA, Janeh T, Karimpour H, Darbandi M, Moludi J (2024) Clinical trial of the effects of postbiotic supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, and clinical outcomes in patients with CVA. Sci Rep 14(1):24021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-76153-y","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"11213_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.2174\/0113816128335414240828105229","volume":"31","author":"SG Harat","year":"2025","unstructured":"Harat SG, Pourjafar H (2025) Health Benefits and Safety of Postbiotics Derived from Different Probiotic Species. Curr Pharm Des 31(2):116\u2013127 doi:10.2174\/0113816128335414240828105229 PubMed PMID: 39297457","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"2","key":"11213_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12675","volume":"28","author":"K Lundelin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lundelin K, Poussa T, Salminen S, Isolauri E (2017) Long-term safety and efficacy of perinatal probiotic intervention: Evidence from a follow-up study of four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 28(2):170\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pai.12675 PubMed PMID: 27779809","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2185034","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2185034","volume":"15","author":"D Merenstein","year":"2023","unstructured":"Merenstein D, Pot B, Leyer G, Ouwehand AC, Preidis GA, Elkins CA et al (2023) Emerging issues in probiotic safety: 2023 perspectives. Gut Microbes 15(1):2185034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2023.2185034 PubMed PMID: 36919522; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10026873","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2395092","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2395092","volume":"16","author":"S Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo S, Ma T, Kwok LY, Quan K, Li B, Wang H et al (2024) Effects of postbiotics on chronic diarrhea in young adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial assessing clinical symptoms, gut microbiota, and metabolite profiles. Gut Microbes 16(1):2395092 .2395092 PubMed PMID: 39189588; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11352714","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"11213_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.07.25.24311015","author":"J Schluter","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schluter J, Matheis F, Ebina W, Jogia W, Sullivan AP, Gordon K et al (2024) A randomized controlled trial of postbiotic administration during antibiotic treatment increases microbiome diversity and enriches health associated taxa. medRxiv. 2024.07.25.24311015 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.07.25.24311015","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"3","key":"11213_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28106","volume":"90","author":"DL Worthley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Worthley DL, Le Leu RK, Whitehall VL, Conlon M, Christophersen C, Belobrajdic D et al (2009) A human, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation: effects on luminal, inflammatory, epigenetic, and epithelial biomarkers of colorectal cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 90(3):578\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28106 PubMed PMID: 19640954","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"}],"container-title":["Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12602-026-11213-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12602-026-11213-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12602-026-11213-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T13:02:43Z","timestamp":1789390963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12602-026-11213-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"references-count":166,"alternative-id":["11213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-026-11213-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1867-1306","1867-1314"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1867-1306","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-1314","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing Interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}