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Prot."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Vaginal dysbiosis is characterized by disruption of the vaginal microbial community, pathogen overgrowth, and mucosal inflammation. Here, we integrated in vitro screening, whole-genome sequencing, LC-MS\/MS profiling, machine learning, and a murine bacterial vaginosis (BV) model to characterize potentially beneficial\n                    <jats:italic>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains. Among 88\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, 53 exhibited bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance activity, and 7 demonstrated broad antimicrobial effects against\n                    <jats:italic>Gardnerella vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. Two\n                    <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains, CYLB2146 and CYLB2189, were selected based on their antimicrobial activity, adhesion capacity (15.0% and 13.5%, respectively), and significant anti-inflammatory effects, including reductions in IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-\u03b1 levels (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt; 0.05). Genomic analysis revealed plantaricin biosynthetic gene clusters and secondary metabolite pathways, while LC-MS\/MS identified predominantly low-molecular-weight and cyclic peptides. Machine-learning models achieved ROC-AUC\u2009&gt;\u20090.92 and prioritized candidate peptides. Cyclo(Tyr-Pro) inhibited multiple pathogens and reduced biofilm formation at sub-inhibitory concentrations without membrane disruption, supporting a potential anti-virulence role. In a murine BV model, probiotic treatment markedly reduced\n                    <jats:italic>G. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    compared with PBS and MRS controls (51.2 and 41.6-fold). After 5 days, levels decreased to 3.2 and 11.1-fold in live CYLB2146 and CYLB2189 groups and to 3.2 and 0.7-fold in CFS groups, with further reductions by day 10, while controls remained high (34.0 and 50.6-fold). Probiotic treatment also attenuated infection-associated inflammation, particularly TNF-\u03b1, and improved vaginal tissue morphology and histological scores. Collectively, CYLB2146 and CYLB2189 exhibited complementary antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory activities, supporting their potential as probiotic candidates for BV management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-026-11249-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T08:25:39Z","timestamp":1792657539000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Bacteriocin-like Inhibitory Substance-producing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum against Vaginitis-associated Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Tran Thi Dieu","family":"Thuy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanh Sang","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngoc Thac","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Louie D.","family":"Remotigue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl Jay Ballena","family":"Bregente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quang Hien","family":"Kha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marvin C.","family":"Masalunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung-Kuang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuei-Hung","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bui Thi","family":"Linh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fong-Chi Annabelle","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao-Jong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8782-3912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng-Yen","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"22","key":"11249_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7952","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503236102","volume":"102","author":"RW Hyman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hyman RW, Fukushima M, Diamond L, Kumm J, Giudice LC, Davis RW (2005) Microbes on the human vaginal epithelium. 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