{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T06:45:20Z","timestamp":1792565120569,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004748","name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4011415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4011415"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot."],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-026-11256-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T06:10:16Z","timestamp":1792563016000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Effects of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii on the Proliferative, Anti-apoptotic, and Tolerogenic Properties of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Sahar","family":"Khorasani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Faraji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atefeh","family":"Alaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadali","family":"Nahayati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nafiseh Sadat","family":"Tabasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazanin","family":"Forghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahimeh Lavi","family":"Arab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Mahmoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"11256_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01473-3","volume":"403","author":"D Jakimovski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jakimovski D, Bittner S, Zivadinov R, Morrow SA, Benedict RH, Zipp F et al (2024) Multiple sclerosis. Lancet 403:183\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01473-3","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"11256_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-024-00642-0","volume":"76","author":"P Olejnik","year":"2024","unstructured":"Olejnik P, Roszkowska Z, Adamus S, Kasare\u0142\u0142o K (2024) Multiple sclerosis: a narrative overview of current pharmacotherapies and emerging treatment prospects. Pharmacol Rep 76:926\u2013943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43440-024-00642-0","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"11256_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3163","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.4410","volume":"13","author":"W-J Huang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huang W-J, Chen W-W, Zhang X (2017) Multiple sclerosis: Pathology, diagnosis and treatments. Exp Ther Med 13:3163\u20133166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2017.4410","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"11256_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ghareghani M, Arneaud A, Rivest S (2024) The evolution of mesenchymal stem cell-derived neural progenitor therapy for Multiple Sclerosis: from concept to clinic. Front Cell Neurosci 18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2024.1428652","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2024.1428652"},{"key":"11256_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1080\/08941939.2018.1433254","volume":"32","author":"OL Abbas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abbas OL, \u00d6zatik O, G\u00f6nen ZB, \u00d6\u011f\u00fct S, \u00d6zatik FY, Salk\u0131n H et al (2019) Comparative Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Bone Marrow, Adipose Tissue, and Dental Pulp as Sources of Cell Therapy for Zone of Stasis Burns. J Invest Surg 32:477\u2013490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08941939.2018.1433254","journal-title":"J Invest Surg"},{"key":"11256_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1653254","volume":"2017","author":"B Kocan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kocan B, Maziarz A, Tabarkiewicz J, Ochiya T, Bana\u015b-Z\u0105bczyk A (2017) Trophic Activity and Phenotype of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Background of Their Regenerative Potential. Stem Cells Int 2017:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/1653254","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"key":"11256_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7239181","volume":"2018","author":"Y Hu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hu Y, Li G, Zhang Y, Liu N, Zhang P, Pan C et al (2018) Upregulated TSG-6 Expression in ADSCs Inhibits the BV2 Microglia-Mediated Inflammatory Response. Biomed Res Int 2018:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7239181","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"11256_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.3250","volume":"38","author":"J Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu J, Qiu P, Qin J, Wu X, Wang X, Yang X et al (2020) Allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells promote ischemic muscle repair by inducing M2 macrophage polarization via the HIF-1\u03b1\/IL-10 pathway. Stem Cells 38:1307\u20131320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/stem.3250","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"11256_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12298","volume":"18","author":"M Kandasamy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kandasamy M, Lehner B, Kraus S, Sander PR, Marschallinger J, Rivera FJ et al (2014) TGF-beta signalling in the adult neurogenic niche promotes stem cell quiescence as well as generation of new neurons. J Cell Mol Med 18:1444\u20131459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcmm.12298","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"11256_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bi Y, Lin X, Liang H, Yang D, Zhang X, Ke J et al (2020) Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in Parkinson\u2019s disease: inhibition of T helper 17 cell differentiation and regulation of immune balance towards a regulatory T cell phenotype. Clin Interv Aging 15:1383\u20131391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CIA.S259762","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S259762"},{"key":"11256_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15112637","volume":"15","author":"H Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu H, Fan Y, Zhang M (2023) Advanced Progress in the Role of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal\/Stem Cells in the Application of Central Nervous System Disorders. Pharmaceutics 15:2637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics15112637","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"11256_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.21608\/ejh.2019.13731.1129","volume":"0","author":"A barkat mona, El-Agwany","year":"2019","unstructured":"barkat mona, El-Agwany A, Khanfor A, Kelada M, Abdel-monsif D, Dief A et al (2019) The potential therapeutic effect of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on cuprizone model of multiple sclerosis in the mice. Egypt J Histol 0:0\u20130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/ejh.2019.13731.1129","journal-title":"Egypt J Histol"},{"key":"11256_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arab FL, Yousefi F, Naderi-Meshkin H, Mirahmadi M, Nikkhah K, Amiri H et al (2023) The effects of culture-expanded, non-cryopreserved adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) on neurological and immunological paradigms in females with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: a phase I\/II clinical trial. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2268332\/v1","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2268332\/v1"},{"key":"11256_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.22074\/cellj.2022.8173","volume":"24","author":"M Mardani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mardani M, Ganji R, Ghasemi N, Kazemi M, Razavi S (2022) Impact of Intraventricular Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Transplantation with Pregnenolone Treatment on Remyelination of Corpus Callosum in A Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Cell J 24:748\u2013756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22074\/cellj.2022.8173","journal-title":"Cell J"},{"key":"11256_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/632902","volume":"2015","author":"S Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee S, Choi E, Cha M-J, Hwang K-C (2015) Cell Adhesion and Long-Term Survival of Transplanted Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Prerequisite for Cell Therapy. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/632902","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"11256_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13051436","volume":"13","author":"S Gul","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gul S, Durante-Mangoni E (2024) Unraveling the Puzzle: Health Benefits of Probiotics\u2014A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med 13:1436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13051436","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"11256_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Atabati H, Yazdanpanah E, Mortazavi H, bajestani SG, Raoofi A, Esmaeili S-A et al (2021) Immunoregulatory effects of tolerogenic probiotics in multiple sclerosis. 87\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-55035-6_6","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-55035-6_6"},{"key":"11256_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.114195","volume":"159","author":"B Hashemi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hashemi B, Abdollahi M, Abbaspour-Aghdam S, Hazrati A, Malekpour K, meshgi S et al (2023) The effect of probiotics on immune responses and their therapeutic application: A new treatment option for multiple sclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 159:114195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.114195","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"11256_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genrep.2025.102370","volume":"41","author":"Y Mohammadi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mohammadi Y, Teymouri-Nobari S, Asgari K, Fallah S, Joodi-khanghah O (2025) Modulation of inflammatory gene expression by probiotics: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Gene Rep 41:102370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.genrep.2025.102370","journal-title":"Gene Rep"},{"key":"11256_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1080\/09540105.2019.1579785","volume":"30","author":"D Ren","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ren D, Wang D, Liu H, Shen M, Yu H (2019) Two strains of probiotic Lactobacillus enhance immune response and promote naive T cell polarization to Th1. Food Agric Immunol 30:281\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09540105.2019.1579785","journal-title":"Food Agric Immunol"},{"key":"11256_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2782","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.004107","volume":"70","author":"J Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng J, Wittouck S, Salvetti E, Franz CMAP, Harris HMB, Mattarelli P et al (2020) A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 70:2782\u20132858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/ijsem.0.004107","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"11256_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9778","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27663","volume":"234","author":"S Khorasani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khorasani S, Mahmoudi M, Kalantari MR, Lavi Arab F, Esmaeili S, Mardani F et al (2019) Amelioration of regulatory T cells by Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus rhamnosus in pristane-induced lupus mice model. J Cell Physiol 234:9778\u20139786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.27663","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"11256_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3100","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53773-y","volume":"14","author":"A Abedi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abedi A, Tafvizi F, Jafari P, Akbari N (2024) The inhibition effects of Lentilactobacillus buchneri-derived membrane vesicles on AGS and HT-29 cancer cells by inducing cell apoptosis. Sci Rep 14:3100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-53773-y","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"11256_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2024.106406","volume":"121","author":"MH Tehran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tehran MH, Arab FL, Zeynali F, Mahmoudi M, Tabasi NS, Khayatzadeh J (2024) The effects of crocin and crocetin on immune cells of prostate cancer patients in co-culture with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Funct Foods 121:106406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jff.2024.106406","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"key":"11256_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lavi Arab F, Yousefi F, Reza Jaafari M, Rajabian A, Dana H, Tabasi N et al (2024) Evaluation of the immune-modulatory, anti-oxidant, proliferative, and anti-apoptotic effects of nano-silymarin on mesenchymal stem cells isolated from multiple sclerosis patients\u2019 adipose tissue sources. J Funct Foods 113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jff.2023.105958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2023.105958"},{"key":"11256_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"\u00d6zdemir \u00d6 (2013) Any role for probiotics in the therapy or prevention of autoimmune diseases? Up-to-date review. J Complement Integr Med 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jcim-2012-0054","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2012-0054"},{"key":"11256_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.10.023","volume":"52","author":"M Salami","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salami M, Kouchaki E, Asemi Z, Tamtaji OR (2019) How probiotic bacteria influence the motor and mental behaviors as well as immunological and oxidative biomarkers in multiple sclerosis? A double blind clinical trial. J Funct Foods 52:8\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jff.2018.10.023","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"key":"11256_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041227","volume":"21","author":"M-J Cheon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheon M-J, Lim S-M, Lee N-K, Paik H-D (2020) Probiotic Properties and Neuroprotective Effects of Lactobacillus buchneri KU200793 Isolated from Korean Fermented Foods. Int J Mol Sci 21:1227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21041227","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"11256_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-016-1058-7","volume":"14","author":"G Umbrello","year":"2016","unstructured":"Umbrello G, Esposito S (2016) Microbiota and neurologic diseases: potential effects of probiotics. J Transl Med 14:298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-016-1058-7","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"11256_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517737390","volume":"24","author":"SK Tankou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tankou SK, Regev K, Healy BC, Cox LM, Tjon E, Kivisakk P et al (2018) Investigation of probiotics in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Scler J 24:58\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458517737390","journal-title":"Multiple Scler J"},{"key":"11256_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cui J, Wang W, Tang Y, Feng S, Liu H, Hao Z (2025) Application of psychobiotics in clinical treatment of mental disorders: Neurodevelopmental disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, depression and anxiety. Interdisciplinary Med 3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/INMD.20240041","DOI":"10.1002\/INMD.20240041"},{"key":"11256_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Delannoy E, Grassart A, Daniel C (2025) Gut bioengineered models to study host-microbiota-probiotics interactions. Microbiome Res Rep 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20517\/mrr.2025.45","DOI":"10.20517\/mrr.2025.45"},{"key":"11256_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.17179\/excli2019-1366","volume":"18","author":"F Yousefi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yousefi F, Lavi Arab F, Jaafari MR, Rastin M, Tabasi N, Hatamipour M et al (2019) Immunoregulatory, proliferative and anti-oxidant effects of nanocurcuminoids on adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. EXCLI J 18:405\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17179\/excli2019-1366","journal-title":"EXCLI J"},{"key":"11256_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reth.2018.08.001","volume":"9","author":"T Mukai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mukai T, Tojo A, Nagamura-Inoue T (2018) Mesenchymal stromal cells as a potential therapeutic for neurological disorders. Regen Ther 9:32\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reth.2018.08.001","journal-title":"Regen Ther"},{"key":"11256_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509359727","volume":"16","author":"MS Freedman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Freedman MS, Bar-Or A, Atkins HL, Karussis D, Frassoni F, Lazarus H et al (2010) The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation as a treatment for multiple sclerosis: consensus report of the International MSCT Study Group. Multiple Scler J 16:503\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458509359727","journal-title":"Multiple Scler J"},{"key":"11256_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12355","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12355","volume":"3","author":"H-Y Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu H-Y, Roos S, Jonsson H, Ahl D, Dicksved J, Lindberg JE et al (2015) Effects of Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus reuteri on gut barrier function and heat shock proteins in intestinal porcine epithelial cells. Physiol Rep 3:e12355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14814\/phy2.12355","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"11256_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy063","volume":"10","author":"J Plaza-Diaz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Plaza-Diaz J, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Gil-Campos M, Gil A (2019) Mechanisms of Action of Probiotics. Adv Nutr 10:S49\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/advances\/nmy063","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"11256_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2017.07.010","volume":"81","author":"E Mousavi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mousavi E, Makvandi M, Teimoori A, Ataei A, Ghafari S, Samarbaf-Zadeh A (2018) Antiviral effects of Lactobacillus crispatus against HSV-2 in mammalian cell lines. J Chin Med Association 81:262\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcma.2017.07.010","journal-title":"J Chin Med Association"},{"key":"11256_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1734423","volume":"11","author":"H Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu H, Xie S, Miao J, Li Y, Wang Z, Wang M et al (2020) Lactobacillus reuteri maintains intestinal epithelial regeneration and repairs damaged intestinal mucosa. Gut Microbes 11:997\u20131014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2020.1734423","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"11256_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.02.005","volume":"53","author":"M Sichetti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sichetti M, De Marco S, Pagiotti R, Traina G, Pietrella D (2018) Anti-inflammatory effect of multistrain probiotic formulation (L. rhamnosus, B. lactis, and B. longum). Nutrition 53:95\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nut.2018.02.005","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"11256_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2690","volume":"10","author":"PA Bron","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bron PA, van Baarlen P, Kleerebezem M (2012) Emerging molecular insights into the interaction between probiotics and the host intestinal mucosa. Nat Rev Microbiol 10:66\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrmicro2690","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"11256_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-316226","volume":"68","author":"TE Riehl","year":"2019","unstructured":"Riehl TE, Alvarado D, Ee X, Zuckerman A, Foster L, Kapoor V et al (2019) Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG protects the intestinal epithelium from radiation injury through release of lipoteichoic acid, macrophage activation and the migration of mesenchymal stem cells. Gut 68:1003\u20131013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-316226","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"11256_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.15283\/ijsc24107","volume":"18","author":"S Jang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jang S, Bin, Kim Y, Yeo HC, Kang G-H, An BC, Ryu Y et al (2025) Probiotic-Derived P8 Protein: Promoting Proliferation and Migration in Stem Cells and Keratinocytes. Int J Stem Cells 18:87\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15283\/ijsc24107","journal-title":"Int J Stem Cells"},{"key":"11256_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2010.01.001","volume":"119","author":"JN Artaza","year":"2010","unstructured":"Artaza JN, Sirad F, Ferrini MG, Norris KC (2010) 1,25(OH)2vitamin D3 inhibits cell proliferation by promoting cell cycle arrest without inducing apoptosis and modifies cell morphology of mesenchymal multipotent cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 119:73\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2010.01.001","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"11256_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.07.025","volume":"48","author":"Z Vahidi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vahidi Z, Samadi M, Mahmoudi M, RezaieYazdi Z, Sahebari M, Tabasi N et al (2018) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ameliorate the expression of miR-155 and miR-181a in SLE patients. J Funct Foods 48:228\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jff.2018.07.025","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"key":"11256_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0892-8","volume":"14","author":"KM Danikowski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Danikowski KM, Jayaraman S, Prabhakar BS (2017) Regulatory T cells in multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis. J Neuroinflammation 14:117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-017-0892-8","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"11256_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-014-9174-2","volume":"7","author":"H Jensen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jensen H, Dr\u00f8mtorp SM, Axelsson L, Grimmer S (2015) Immunomodulation of monocytes by probiotic and selected lactic Acid bacteria. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 7:14\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-014-9174-2","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"11256_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2015.5","volume":"77","author":"K Ganguli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ganguli K, Collado MC, Rautava J, Lu L, Satokari R, von Ossowski I et al (2015) Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and its SpaC pilus adhesin modulate inflammatory responsiveness and TLR-related gene expression in the fetal human gut. Pediatr Res 77:528\u2013535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/pr.2015.5","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"11256_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-775720150145","volume":"24","author":"A Mendi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mendi A, K\u00f6se S, U\u00e7kan D, Akca G, Yilmaz D, Aral L et al (2016) Lactobacillus rhamnosus could inhibit Porphyromonas gingivalis derived CXCL8 attenuation. J Appl Oral Sci 24:67\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1678-775720150145","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"}],"container-title":["Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12602-026-11256-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12602-026-11256-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12602-026-11256-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T06:10:17Z","timestamp":1792563017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12602-026-11256-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["11256"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-026-11256-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1867-1306","1867-1314"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1867-1306","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-1314","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 October 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All experimental procedures involving human participants were approved by the Ethics Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS) [Approval No. IR.MUMS.REC.1401.406]. Written informed consent was obtained from all donors prior to participation.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for Publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"was obtained from all human participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed Consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors used Perplexity AI for language editing and grammar correction. All scientific content, interpretations, and conclusions were generated and verified by the authors, who take full responsibility for the final manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"AI use","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}