{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T03:45:14Z","timestamp":1773805514020,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Breast Cancer Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose of the Study<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>More than 50% of breast cancer survivors without a diagnosis of lymphedema suffer daily from numerous and co-occurring lymphedema symptoms. This study aimed to identify lymphedema symptom patterns and the association of such patterns with phenotypic characteristics and biomarkers using latent class analysis (LCA). A prospective, descriptive, and repeated-measure design was used to enroll 140 women and collect data.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Recent Findings<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>LCA identified three distinct lymphedema symptom classes at 8\u00a0weeks and 12\u00a0months post-surgery: low, moderate, and severe symptom classes and associated phenotypic characteristics. Participants were more likely to be in the severe symptom classes at 12\u00a0months post-surgery if they had lower education level, cording, an axillary syndrome at 8\u00a0weeks post-surgery, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and radiation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Pre-surgery level of IL1-a, IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF was associated with the severe symptom class at 8\u00a0weeks post-surgery, suggesting that such biomarkers may be used to predict risk for lymphedema symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12609-020-00397-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T13:03:01Z","timestamp":1606222981000},"page":"1-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Model-Based Patterns of Lymphedema Symptomatology: Phenotypic and Biomarker Characterization"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3891-0109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mei R.","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradley E","family":"Aouizerat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvette","family":"Conley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Axelrod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amber A.","family":"Guth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Gagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanna M","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Zagzag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"397_CR1","unstructured":"Breast cancer facts & figures 2019-2020. 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Precision assessment of heterogeneity of lymphedema phenotype, genotypes and risk prediction. Breast Edinb Scotl. 2016;29:231\u201340. This study has discovered that lymphedema symptoms do have an inflammatory biological mechanism as evidenced by significant relationships with several inflammatory genes. This important research provides the foundation for precision assessment of heterogeneity of the lymphedema symptom phenotype and understanding the biological mechanism of each phenotype through the exploration of inherited genetic susceptibility which is essential for finding a cure.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2016.06.023"},{"issue":"6","key":"397_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20010915)92:6<1368::AID-CNCR1459>3.0.CO;2-9","volume":"92","author":"JA Petrek","year":"2001","unstructured":"Petrek JA, Senie RT, Peters M, Rosen PP. Lymphedema in a cohort of breast carcinoma survivors 20 years after diagnosis. 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The qualitative research using a descriptive phenomenology method provided vivid description of breast cancer survivors\u2019 experience of living with lymphedema symptoms as living with \u201ca plethora of perpetual discomfort.\u201d Findings of the study underscore the importance of lymphedema symptoms as an important patient-centered outcome.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2009.04.030"},{"key":"397_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Fu MR, Axelrod D, Cleland CM, Qiu Z, Guth AA, Kleinman R, et al. Symptom report in detecting breast cancer-related lymphedema. Breast Cancer Dove Med Press. 2015;7:345\u201352. This research has documented that lymphedema symptoms are strongly associated with increased limb volume and symptoms alone can accurately detect lymphedema. This research has provided the evidence that a diagnostic cutoff of three symptoms discriminated breast cancer survivors with lymphedema from healthy women and a diagnostic cutoff of nine symptoms discriminated at-risk survivors and survivors with lymphedema.","DOI":"10.2147\/BCTT.S87854"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"397_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1188\/14.CJON.S3.68-79","volume":"18","author":"MR Fu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fu MR, Deng J, Armer JM. Putting evidence into practice: cancer-related lymphedema. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2014;18(Suppl):68\u201379.","journal-title":"Clin J Oncol Nurs"},{"key":"397_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng J, Fu MR, Armer JM, Cormier JN, Radina ME, Thiadens SRJ, et al. Factors associated with reported infection and lymphedema symptoms among individuals with extremity lymphedema. 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Fu reports grants from National Institute of Health (NINR 1R21NR012288-01A), and grants from National Institute of Health (NIMHD Project # P60 MD000538-03) during the conduct of the study.Yvette Conley reports grants from National Institute of Health (NINR 1R21NR012288-01A) during the conduct of the study.Deborah Axelrod reports grants from National Institute of Health (NINR 1R21NR012288-01A), and grants from National Institute of Health (NIMHD Project # P60 MD000538-03) during the conduct of the study.Amber A Guth reports grants from National Institute of Health (NINR 1R21NR012288-01A), and grants from National Institute of Health (NIMHD Project # P60 MD000538-03) during the conduct of the study.David Zagzag reports one grant from National Institutes of Health (NINR 1R21NR012288-01A) during the conduct of the study.Bradley E. Aouizeran, Gary Yu, Jean-Pierre Gagner, and Jeanna M. Qiu declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This study (IRB # 10-02540) was approved by the Institutional Review Board of a metropolitan cancer center in New York of the USA. All the human participants signed the informed consent. This study does not contain any animal subjects.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}]}}