{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T10:42:13Z","timestamp":1793702533761,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,24]],"date-time":"2013-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369353600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Anesth\/J Can Anesth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-013-9974-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,23]],"date-time":"2013-05-23T19:47:31Z","timestamp":1369338451000},"page":"771-779","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["Anesthesiologists\u2019 learning curves for bedside qualitative ultrasound assessment of gastric content: a cohort study","Les courbes d\u2019apprentissage des anesth\u00e9siologistes pour l\u2019\u00e9valuation du contenu gastrique\u00a0par \u00e9chographie qualitative au chevet: une \u00e9tude de cohorte"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Cristian","family":"Arzola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose C. A.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Cubillos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang Y.","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anahi","family":"Perlas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"9974_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03010747","volume":"33","author":"L Tiret","year":"1986","unstructured":"Tiret L, Desmonts JM, Hatton F, Vourc\u2019h G. Complications associated with anaesthesia - a prospective survey in France. Can Anaesth Soc J 1986; 33: 336-44.","journal-title":"Can Anaesth Soc J"},{"key":"9974_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199301000-00010","volume":"78","author":"MA Warner","year":"1993","unstructured":"Warner MA, Warner ME, Weber JG. Clinical significance of pulmonary aspiration during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology 1993; 78: 56-62.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"9974_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200612000-00008","volume":"105","author":"A Lienhart","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lienhart A, Auroy Y, Pequignot F, et al. Survey of anaesthesia-related mortality in France. Anesthesiology 2006; 105: 1087-97.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"9974_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1986.tb02373.x","volume":"30","author":"CL Olsson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Olsson CL, Hallen B, Hambraeus-Jonzon K. Aspiration during anaesthesia: a computer-aided study of 185,358 anaesthetics. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1986; 30: 84-92.","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"9974_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/65.2.248","volume":"65","author":"DM Raidoo","year":"1990","unstructured":"Raidoo DM, Roche DA, Brock-Utne JG, Marszalek A, Engelbrecht HE. Critical volume for pulmonary acid aspiration: reappraisal in a primate model. Br J Anaesth 1990; 65: 248-50.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"9974_CR6","first-page":"665","volume":"63","author":"CF James","year":"1984","unstructured":"James CF, Modell JH, Gibbs CP, Kuck EJ, Ruiz BC. Pulmonary aspiration \u2013 effects of volume and pH in the rat. Anesth Analg 1984; 63: 665-8.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"9974_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/83.3.453","volume":"83","author":"T Engelhardt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Engelhardt T, Webster NR. Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1999; 83: 453-60.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"9974_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2009.01.020","volume":"28","author":"B Landreau","year":"2009","unstructured":"Landreau B, Odin I, Nathan N. Pulmonary aspiration: epidemiology and risk factors (French). Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2009; 28: 206-10.","journal-title":"Ann Fr Anesth Reanim"},{"key":"9974_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181fcbfd9","volume":"114","author":"American Society of Anesthesiologists Committee","year":"2011","unstructured":"American Society of Anesthesiologists Committee. Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Committee on Standards and Practice Parameters. Anesthesiology 2011; 114: 495-511.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"9974_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-8180(93)90059-N","volume":"5","author":"T Fujigaki","year":"1993","unstructured":"Fujigaki T, Fukusaki M, Nakamura H, Shibata O, Sumikawa K. Quantitative evaluation of gastric contents using ultrasound. J Clin Anesth 1993; 5: 451-5.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"9974_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181a97250","volume":"111","author":"A Perlas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Perlas A, Chan VW, Lupu CM, Mitsakakis N, Hanbidge A. Ultrasound assessment of gastric content and volume. Anesthesiology 2009; 111: 82-9.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"9974_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31821b98c0","volume":"113","author":"A Perlas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Perlas A, Davis L, Khan M, Mitsakakis N, Chan VW. Gastric sonography in the fasted surgical patient: a prospective descriptive study. Anesth Analg 2011; 113: 93-7.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"9974_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0b013e32833161fd","volume":"26","author":"L Bouvet","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bouvet L, Miquel A, Chassard D, Boselli E, Allaouchiche B, Benhamou D. Could a single standardized ultrasonographic measurement of antral area be of interest for assessing gastric contents? A preliminary report. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2009; 26: 1015-9.","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"9974_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31820dee48","volume":"114","author":"L Bouvet","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bouvet L, Mazoit JX, Chassard D, Allaouchiche B, Boselli E, Benhamou D. Clinical assessment of the ultrasonographic measurement of antral area for estimating preoperative gastric content and volume. Anesthesiology 2011; 114: 1086-92.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"9974_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200206000-00019","volume":"96","author":"CA Wong","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wong CA, Loffredi M, Ganchiff JN, Zhao J, Wang Z, Avram MJ. Gastric emptying of water in term pregnancy. Anesthesiology 2002; 96: 1395-400.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"9974_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000278136.98611.d6","volume":"105","author":"CA Wong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wong CA, McCarthy RJ, Fitzgerald PC, Raikoff K, Avram MJ. Gastric emptying of water in obese pregnant women at term. Anesth Analg 2007; 105: 751-5.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"9974_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200202000-00033","volume":"94","author":"M Kubli","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kubli M, Scrutton MJ, Seed PT, O\u2019Sullivan G. An evaluation of isotonic \u201csport drinks\u201d during labor. Anesth Analg 2002; 94: 404-8.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"9974_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181577511","volume":"18","author":"JP Vandenbroucke","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vandenbroucke JP, von Elm E, Altman DG, et al. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): explanation and elaboration. Epidemiology 2007; 18: 805-35.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"9974_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-011-9661-9","volume":"59","author":"J Cubillos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cubillos J, Tse C, Chan VW, Perlas A. Bedside ultrasound assessment of gastric content: an observational study. Can J Anesth 2012; 59: 416-23.","journal-title":"Can J Anesth"},{"key":"9974_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep241","volume":"103","author":"MD Bould","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bould MD, Crabtree NA, Naik VN. Assessment of procedural skills in anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2009; 103: 472-83.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"9974_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e3182475fba","volume":"37","author":"MJ Barrington","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barrington MJ, Wong DM, Slater B, Ivanusic JJ, Ovens M. Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia: how much practice do novices require before achieving competency in ultrasound needle visualization using a cadaver model. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2012; 37: 334-9.","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"9974_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03018712","volume":"50","author":"VN Naik","year":"2003","unstructured":"Naik VN, Devito I, Halpern SH. Cusum analysis is a useful tool to assess resident proficiency at insertion of labour epidurals. Can J Anesth 2003; 50: 694-8.","journal-title":"Can J Anesth"},{"key":"9974_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181605412","volume":"106","author":"GR Oliveira Filho De","year":"2008","unstructured":"De Oliveira Filho GR, Helayel PE, Da Conceicao DB, Garzel IS, Pavei P, Ceccon MS. Learning curves and mathematical models for interventional ultrasound basic skills. Anesth Analg 2008; 106: 568-73.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"9974_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-009-9219-2","volume":"57","author":"CB Margarido","year":"2010","unstructured":"Margarido CB, Arzola C, Balki M, Carvalho JC. Anesthesiologists\u2019 learning curves for ultrasound assessment of the lumbar spine. Can J Anesth 2010; 57: 120-6.","journal-title":"Can J Anesth"},{"key":"9974_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/75.6.805","volume":"75","author":"IG Kestin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kestin IG. A statistical approach to measuring the competence of anaesthetic trainees at practical procedures. Br J Anaesth 1995; 75: 805-9.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"9974_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-010-9337-x","volume":"57","author":"SH Halpern","year":"2010","unstructured":"Halpern SH, Banerjee A, Stocche R, Glanc P. The use of ultrasound for lumbar spinous process identification: A pilot study. Can J Anesth 2010; 57: 817-22.","journal-title":"Can J Anesth"},{"key":"9974_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054388","volume":"58","author":"RR Bush","year":"1951","unstructured":"Bush RR, Mosteller F. A mathematical model for simple learning. Psychol Rev 1951; 58: 313-23.","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"9974_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2011.06692.x","volume":"66","author":"A Norris","year":"2011","unstructured":"Norris A, McCahon R. Cumulative sum (CUSUM) assessment and medical education: a square peg in a round hole. Anaesthesia 2011; 66: 250-4.","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"9974_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200208000-00033","volume":"95","author":"GR Oliveira Filho De","year":"2002","unstructured":"De Oliveira Filho GR. The construction of learning curves for basic skills in anesthetic procedures: an application for the cumulative sum method. Anesth Analg 2002; 95: 411-6.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"9974_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-498X.2010.00386.x","volume":"7","author":"J Sivaprakasam","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sivaprakasam J, Purva M. CUSUM analysis to assess competence: what failure rate is acceptable? Clin Teach 2010; 7: 257-61.","journal-title":"Clin Teach"},{"key":"9974_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181d96779","volume":"112","author":"R Komatsu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Komatsu R, Kasuya Y, Yogo H, et al. Learning curves for bag-and-mask ventilation and orotracheal intubation: an application of the cumulative sum method. Anesthesiology 2010; 112: 1525-31.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"9974_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e31823dc340","volume":"37","author":"AU Niazi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Niazi AU, Haldipur N, Prasad AG, Chan VW. Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia performance in the early learning period: effect of simulation training. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2012; 37: 51-4.","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"9974_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780070602","volume":"7","author":"DG Altman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Altman DG, Royston JP. The hidden effect of time. Stat Med 1988; 7: 629-37.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"9974_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-011-9637-9","volume":"59","author":"JR Boulet","year":"2012","unstructured":"Boulet JR, Murray D. Review article: Assessment in anesthesiology education. Can J Anesth 2012; 59: 182-92.","journal-title":"Can J Anesth"},{"key":"9974_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200201000-00007","volume":"96","author":"DJ Birnbach","year":"2002","unstructured":"Birnbach DJ, Santos AC, Bourlier RA, et al. The effectiveness of video technology as an adjunct to teach and evaluate epidural anaesthesia performance skills. Anesthesiology 2002; 96: 5-9.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"9974_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200201000-00005","volume":"96","author":"DM Gaba","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gaba DM. Two examples of how to evaluate the impact of new approaches to teaching. Anesthesiology 2002; 96: 1-2.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"9974_CR37","first-page":"182","volume":"21","author":"DJ Kopacz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kopacz DJ, Neal JM, Pollock JE. The regional anesthesia \u201clearning curve\u201d. What is the minimum number of epidural and spinal blocks to reach consistency? Reg Anesth 1996; 21: 182-90.","journal-title":"Reg Anesth"},{"key":"9974_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cursur.2004.09.016","volume":"62","author":"A Young","year":"2005","unstructured":"Young A, Miller JP, Azarow K. Establishing learning curves for surgical residents using cumulative summation (CUSUM) analysis. Curr Surg 2005; 62: 330-4.","journal-title":"Curr Surg"},{"key":"9974_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31822a62a1","volume":"115","author":"DW Johnson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Johnson DW, Oren-Grinberg A. Perioperative point-of-care ultrasonography: the past and the future are in anesthesiologists\u2019 hands. Anesthesiology 2011; 115: 460-2.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"9974_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/003655200750023930","volume":"35","author":"E Naslund","year":"2000","unstructured":"Naslund E, Bogefors J, Gryback P, Jacobsson H, Hellstrom PM. Gastric emptying: comparison of scintigraphic, polyethylene glycol dilution, and paracetamol tracer techniques. Scand J Gastroenterol 2000; 35: 375-9.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9974_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-012-9820-7","volume":"60","author":"R Merchant","year":"2013","unstructured":"Merchant R, Chartrand D, Dain S, et al. Guidelines to the practice of anesthesia revised edition 2013. Can J Anesth 2013; 60: 60-84.","journal-title":"Can J Anesth"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Anesthesia\/Journal canadien d'anesth\u00e9sie"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12630-013-9974-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12630-013-9974-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12630-013-9974-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T19:25:32Z","timestamp":1645557932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12630-013-9974-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,24]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]}},"alternative-id":["9974"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12630-013-9974-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0832-610X","1496-8975"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0832-610X","type":"print"},{"value":"1496-8975","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,24]]}}}