{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:14:29Z","timestamp":1790007269086,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Anesth\/J Can Anesth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-019-01494-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T17:10:17Z","timestamp":1569949817000},"page":"32-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The effect of midazolam as premedication on the quality of postoperative recovery after laparotomy: a randomized clinical trial","Effet du midazolam en pr\u00e9m\u00e9dication sur la qualit\u00e9 de la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration postop\u00e9ratoire apr\u00e8s une laparotomie\u00a0: une \u00e9tude clinique randomis\u00e9e"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2759-5732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"van Beek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Kroon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen","family":"Rijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrik-Jan","family":"Mijderwijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Klimek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Stolker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1494_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/39.6.503","volume":"39","author":"W Norris","year":"1967","unstructured":"Norris W, Baird WL. Pre-operative anxiety: a study of the incidence and aetiology. Br J Anaesth 1967; 39: 503-9.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"1494_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700039684","volume":"10","author":"M Johnson","year":"1980","unstructured":"Johnson M. Anxiety in surgical patients. Psychol Med 1980; 10: 145-52.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"1494_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1972.tb08244.x","volume":"27","author":"MA Ramsay","year":"1972","unstructured":"Ramsay MA. A survey of pre-operative fear. Anaesthesia 1972; 27: 396-402.","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"1494_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199912000-00003","volume":"89","author":"I Maranets","year":"1999","unstructured":"Maranets I, Kain ZN. Preoperative anxiety and intraoperative anesthetic requirements. Anesth Analg 1999; 89: 1346-51.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1494_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2001.01842.x","volume":"56","author":"W Caumo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Caumo W, Schmidt AP, Schneider CN, et al. Risk factors for postoperative anxiety in adults. Anaesthesia 2001; 56: 720-8.","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"1494_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03005624","volume":"37","author":"NH Badner","year":"1990","unstructured":"Badner NH, Nielsen WR, Munk S, Kwiatkowska C, Gelb AW. Preoperative anxiety: detection and contributing factors. Can J Anaesth 1990; 37: 444-7.","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"1494_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700041246","volume":"11","author":"A Ray","year":"1981","unstructured":"Ray A, Fitzgibbion G. Stress arousal and coping with surgery. Psychol Med 1981; 11: 741-6.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"1494_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200003000-00036","volume":"90","author":"CH Kindler","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kindler CH, Harms C, Amsler F, Ihde-Scholl T, Scheidegger D. The visual analog scale allows effective measurement of preoperative anxiety and detection of patients\u2019 anesthetic concerns. Anesth Analg 2000; 90: 706-12.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1494_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181c5bd11","volume":"110","author":"S Gras","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gras S, Servin F, Bedairia E, et al. The effect of preoperative heart rate and anxiety on the propofol dose required for loss of consciousness. Anesth Analg 2010; 110: 89-93.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1494_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74806-9_16","volume":"182","author":"KT Olkkola","year":"2008","unstructured":"Olkkola KT, Ahonen J. Midazolam and other benzodiazepines. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2008; 182: 335-60.","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"1494_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200007000-00024","volume":"93","author":"ZN Kain","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kain ZN, Sevarino F, Pincus S, et al. Attenuation of the preoperative stress response with midazolam: effects on postoperative outcomes. Anesthesiology 2000; 93: 141-7.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"1494_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000941","volume":"122","author":"MC Grant","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grant MC, Kim J, Page AJ, Hobson D, Wick E, Wu CL. The effect of intravenous midazolam on postoperative nausea and vomiting: a meta-analysis. Anesth Analg 2016; 122: 656-63.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1494_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001062","volume":"122","author":"EJ Ahn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ahn EJ, Kang H, Choi GJ, Baek CW, Jung YH, Woo YC. The effectiveness of midazolam for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anesth Analg 2016; 122: 664-76.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1494_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200103000-00009","volume":"94","author":"ZN Kain","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kain ZN, Sevarino FB, Rinder C, et al. Preoperative anxiolysis and postoperative recovery in women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Anesthesiology 2001; 94: 415-22.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"1494_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0b013e328361d395","volume":"30","author":"H Mijderwijk","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mijderwijk H, van Beek S, Klimek M, Duivenvoorden HJ, Gr\u00fcne F, Stolker RJ. Lorazepam does not improve the quality of recovery in day-case surgery patients: a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2013; 30: 743-51.","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"1494_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.1108","volume":"313","author":"A Maurice-Szamburski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maurice-Szamburski A, Auquier P, Viarre-Oreal V, et al. Effect of sedative premedication on patient experience after general anesthesia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2015; 313: 916-25.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1494_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199901000-00016","volume":"88","author":"PS Myles","year":"1999","unstructured":"Myles PS, Hunt JO, Nightingale CE, et al. Development and psychometric testing of a quality of recovery score after general anesthesia and surgery in adults. Anesth Analg 1999; 88: 83-90.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1494_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bja.a013366","volume":"84","author":"PS Myles","year":"2000","unstructured":"Myles PS, Weitkamp B, Jones K, Melick J, Hensen S. Validity and reliability of a postoperative quality of recovery score: the QoR-40. Br J Anaesth 2000; 84: 11-5.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"1494_CR19","unstructured":"Defares PB, van der Ploeg HM, Spielberger CD. Handleiding bij de Zelf beoordelings Vragenlijst ZBV. Een Nederlandstalige bewerking van de Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger; 1980: 1-35."},{"key":"1494_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)00125-O","volume":"39","author":"EM Smets","year":"1995","unstructured":"Smets EM, Garssen B, Bonke B, de Haes JC. The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) psychometric qualities of an instrument to assess fatigue. J Psychosom Res 1995; 39: 315-25.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"1494_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","volume":"67","author":"AS Zigmond","year":"1983","unstructured":"Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1983; 67: 361-70.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"1494_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291796004382","volume":"27","author":"PH Spinhoven","year":"1997","unstructured":"Spinhoven PH, Ormel J, Sloekers PP, Kempen GI, Speckens AE, Van Hemert AM. A validation study of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in different groups of Dutch subjects. Psychol Med 1997; 27: 363-70.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"1494_CR23","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Handleiding bij de Zelf Analyse Vragenlijst, een Nederlandstalige bewerking van de Spielberger State-Trait Anger Scale","author":"HM Van der Ploeg","year":"1982","unstructured":"Van der Ploeg HM, Defares PB, Spielberger CD. Handleiding bij de Zelf Analyse Vragenlijst, een Nederlandstalige bewerking van de Spielberger State-Trait Anger Scale. Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger; 1982. p. 1-48."},{"key":"1494_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176350366","volume":"15","author":"VJ Yohai","year":"1987","unstructured":"Yohai VJ. High breakdown-point and high efficiency robust estimates for regression. Ann Stat 1987; 15: 642-56.","journal-title":"Ann Stat"},{"key":"1494_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.12732\/ijpam.v91i3.7","volume":"91","author":"Y Susanti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Susanti Y, Pratiwi H, Sri Sulistijowati H, Liana T. M estimation, S estimation, and MM estimation in robust regression. Int J Pure Appl Math 2014; 91: 349-60.","journal-title":"Int J Pure Appl Math"},{"issue":"1","key":"1494_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001158","volume":"125","author":"Paul S. Myles","year":"2016","unstructured":"Myles PS, Myles DB, Galagher W, Chew C, MacDonald N. Dennis A. Minimal clinically important difference for three quality of recovery scales. Anesthesiology 2016; 125: 39-45.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"1494_CR27","first-page":"438","volume":"82","author":"H Mijderwijk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mijderwijk H, van Beek S, Duivenvoorden HJ, Stolker RJ. Effectiveness of benzodiazepine premedication on recovery in day-case surgery: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Minerva Anestesiol 2016; 82: 438-64.","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"1494_CR28","first-page":"7","volume":"64","author":"G Chouinard","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chouinard G. Issues in the clinical use of benzodiazepines: potency, withdrawal, and rebound. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 64: 7-12.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"1494_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-016-0262-6","author":"C Steiner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Steiner C, Steurer MP, Mueller D, Zueger M, Dullenkopf A. Midazolam plasma concentration after anesthesia premedication in clinical routine - an observational study: : midazolam plasma concentration after anesthesia premedication. BMC Anesthesiol 2016. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-016-0262-6 .","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"1494_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2016.03.025","volume":"33","author":"MJ Bucx","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bucx MJ, Krijtenburg P, Kox M. Preoperative use of anxiolytic-sedative agents; are we on the right track? J Clin Anesth 2016; 33: 135-40.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"1494_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2015.01.005","volume":"34","author":"L Beydon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beydon L, Rouxel A, Camut N, et al. Sedative premedication before surgery \u2013 a multicentre randomized study versus placebo. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2015; 34: 165-71.","journal-title":"Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med"},{"key":"1494_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000612","volume":"31","author":"PS Myles","year":"2018","unstructured":"Myles PS. Measuring quality of recovery in perioperative clinical trials. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2018; 31: 396-410.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"1494_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07516-3","volume":"353","author":"F Eisinger","year":"1999","unstructured":"Eisinger F, Geller G, Burke W, Holtzman NA. Cultural basis for differences between US and French clinical recommendations for women at increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Lancet 1999; 353: 919-20.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1494_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001508","volume":"123","author":"H Mijderwijk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mijderwijk H, Klimek M, van Beek S, van Schaik RH, Duivenvoorden HJ, Stolker RJ. Implication of UGT2B15 genotype polymorphism on postoperative anxiety levels in patients receiving lorazepam premedication. Anesth Analg 2016; 123: 1109-15.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1494_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199701000-00001","volume":"35","author":"David W. Baker","year":"1997","unstructured":"Baker DW, Hays RD, Brook RH. Understanding changes in health status. Is the floor phenomenon merely the last step of the staircase? Med Care 1997; 35: 1-15.","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"key":"1494_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.24.13.1177.38089","volume":"24","author":"CE Mancuso","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mancuso CE, Tanzi MG, Gabay M. Paradoxical reactions to benzodiazepines: literature review and treatment options. Pharmacotherapy 2004; 24: 1177-85.","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"1494_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198461010-00006","volume":"61","author":"DJ Greenblatt","year":"1984","unstructured":"Greenblatt DJ, Abernethy DR, Locniskar A, Harmatz JS, Limjuco RA, Shader RI. Effect of age, gender, and obesity on midazolam kinetics. Anesthesiology 1984; 61: 27-35.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"1494_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1002\/psp4.12007","volume":"4","author":"A van Rongen","year":"2015","unstructured":"van Rongen A, Kervezee L, Brill M, et al. Population pharmacokinetic model characterizing 24-hour variation in the pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous midazolam in healthy volunteers. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2015; 4: 454-64.","journal-title":"CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol"},{"key":"1494_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0695-x","author":"GM Kassie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kassie GM, Nguyen TA, Kalisch Ellett LM, Pratt NL, Roughead EE. Preoperative medication use and postoperative delirium: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr 2017. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-017-0695-x .","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"1494_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.08.003","volume":"42","author":"LD Burry","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burry LD, Williamson DR, Mehta S, et al. Delirium and exposure to psychoactive medications in critically ill adults: a multi-centre observational study. J Crit Care 2017; 42: 268-74.","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"1494_CR41","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Delirium: prevention, diagnosis and management. Publication July 2010. Evidence update 12 November 2014. Available from URL: www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg103\/evidence (accessed July 2019)."},{"key":"1494_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2015.05.008","volume":"33","author":"M Berger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Berger M, Nadler JW, Browndyke J, et al. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction: minding the gaps in our knowledge of a common postoperative complication in the elderly. Anesthesiol Clin 2015; 33: 517-50.","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Clin"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Anesthesia\/Journal canadien d'anesth\u00e9sie"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12630-019-01494-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12630-019-01494-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12630-019-01494-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T18:57:09Z","timestamp":1664564229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12630-019-01494-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1494"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12630-019-01494-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0832-610X","1496-8975"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0832-610X","type":"print"},{"value":"1496-8975","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 December 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}