{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T15:37:10Z","timestamp":1787931430853,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Anesth\/J Can Anesth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-025-02991-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T16:30:27Z","timestamp":1752251427000},"page":"1066-1078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Dexmedetomidine in pediatric tonsillectomy: a systematic review with meta-analysis","La dexm\u00e9d\u00e9tomidine pour l\u2019amygdalectomie p\u00e9diatrique : une revue syst\u00e9matique avec m\u00e9ta-analyse"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Julia M.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Sumie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Englesakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Niimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Campisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William C. K.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason T.","family":"Maynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petros","family":"Pechlivanoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7502-0896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuyoshi","family":"Aoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2991_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.12.047","volume":"126","author":"UM Stamer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stamer UM, Bernhart K, Lehmann T, et al. \u201cDesire for more analgesic treatment\u201d: pain and patient-reported outcome after pediatric tonsillectomy and appendectomy. Br J Anaesth 2021; 126: 1182\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2020.12.047","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"2991_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2011.03713.x","volume":"22","author":"DW Stewart","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stewart DW, Ragg PG, Sheppard S, Chalkiadis GA. The severity and duration of postoperative pain and analgesia requirements in children after tonsillectomy, orchidopexy, or inguinal hernia repair. Pediatr Anesth 2012; 22: 136\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2011.03713.x","journal-title":"Pediatr Anesth"},{"key":"2991_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Von Ungern-Sternberg BS, Davies K, Hegarty M, Erb TO, Habre W. The effect of deep vs. awake extubation on respiratory complications in high-risk children undergoing adenotonsillectomy: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2013; 30: 529\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/eja.0b013e32835df608","DOI":"10.1097\/eja.0b013e32835df608"},{"key":"2991_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.0788","volume":"173","author":"BS Von Ungern-Sternberg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Von Ungern-Sternberg BS, Sommerfield D, Slevin L, Drake-Brockman TF, Zhang G, Hall GL. Effect of albuterol premedication vs placebo on the occurrence of respiratory adverse events in children undergoing tonsillectomies: the REACT randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr 2019; 173: 527\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.0788","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2991_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.09.030","volume":"78","author":"HH Patel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Patel HH, Straight CE, Lehman EB, Tanner M, Carr MM. Indications for tonsillectomy: a 10-year retrospective review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 78: 2151\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.09.030","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2991_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.14376","volume":"32","author":"TW Templeton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Templeton TW, Sommerfield D, Hii J, Sommerfield A, Matava CT, von Ungern-Sternberg BS. Risk assessment and optimization strategies to reduce perioperative respiratory adverse events in pediatric anesthesia\u2014part 2: anesthesia-related risk and treatment options.\u00a0Pediatr Anesth 2022; 32: 217\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.14376","journal-title":"Pediatr Anesth"},{"key":"2991_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.14177","volume":"49","author":"UE Banatwala","year":"2024","unstructured":"Banatwala UE, Syed AR, Ain NU, et al. Assessing the efficacy of celecoxib after tonsillectomy and\/or adenoidectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Otolaryngol 2024; 49: 578\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/coa.14177","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"key":"2991_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15299","volume":"76","author":"N Aldamluji","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aldamluji N, Burgess A, Pogatzki-Zahn E, Raeder J, Beloeil H. PROSPECT guideline for tonsillectomy: systematic review and procedure-specific postoperative pain management recommendations. Anaesthesia 2021; 76: 947\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/anae.15299","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"2991_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-023-02668-z","volume":"71","author":"AE Albornoz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Albornoz AE, Rana M, Englesakis M, et al. Perioperative clinical practice recommendations for pediatric tonsillectomy: a systematic review. Can J Anesth 2024; 71: 187\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12630-023-02668-z","journal-title":"Can J Anesth"},{"key":"2991_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200003000-00035","volume":"90","author":"JE Hall","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hall JE, Uhrich TD, Barney JA, Arain SR, Ebert TJ. Sedative, amnestic, and analgesic properties of small-dose dexmedetomidine infusions. Anesth Analg 2000; 90: 699\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000539-200003000-00035","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2991_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0000000000002434","volume":"125","author":"A Zhu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhu A, Benzon HA, Anderson TA. Evidence for the efficacy of systemic opioid-sparing analgesics in pediatric surgical populations: a systematic review. Anesth Analg 2017; 125: 1569\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ane.0000000000002434","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2991_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181ee82fa","volume":"111","author":"A Patel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Patel A, Davidson M, Tran MC, et al. Dexmedetomidine infusion for analgesia and prevention of emergence agitation in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Anesth Analg 2010; 111: 1004\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181ee82fa","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2991_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.580226","volume":"8","author":"X Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang X, Hu Z, Peng F, et al. Effects of dexmedetomidine on emergence agitation and recovery quality among children undergoing surgery under general anesthesia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Pediatr 2020; 8: 550828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2020.580226","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"2991_CR14","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, et al. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.3; 2022. Available from URL: www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook (accessed March 2025)."},{"key":"2991_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.03.001","volume":"134","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. J Clin Epidemiol 2021; 134: 178\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.03.001","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2991_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3945","volume":"25","author":"S Nielsen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nielsen S, Degenhardt L, Hoban B, Gisev N. A synthesis of oral morphine equivalents (OME) for opioid utilization studies. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2016; 25: 733\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.3945","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"2991_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/s40140-015-0103-z","volume":"5","author":"A Regli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Regli A, von Ungern-Sternberg BS. Diagnosis and management of respiratory adverse events in the operating room. Curr Anesthesiol Rep 2015; 5: 156\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40140-015-0103-z","journal-title":"Curr Anesthesiol Rep"},{"key":"2991_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.14870","volume":"34","author":"J Lerman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lerman J, Ingelmo P. Emergence delirium in children: do the studies reflect reality? Pediatr Anesth 2024; 34: 493\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.14870","journal-title":"Pediatr Anesth"},{"key":"2991_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0000000000003850","volume":"128","author":"MF Watcha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Watcha MF, Lee AD, Medellin E, Felberg MT, Bidani SA. Clinical use of the pictorial Baxter Retching Faces Scale for the measurement of postoperative nausea in children. Anesth Analg 2019; 128: 1249\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ane.0000000000003850","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2991_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxac048","volume":"27","author":"ED Trottier","year":"2022","unstructured":"Trottier ED, Ali S, Dor\u00e9-Bergeron MJ, Chauvin-Kimoff L. Best practices in pain assessment and management for children. Paediatr Child Health 2022; 27: 429\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pch\/pxac048","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"2991_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"I4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","volume":"366","author":"JA Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized trials. Br Med J 2019; 366: I4898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l4898","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"2991_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Alonso-Coello P, Guyatt GH, et al. GRADE guidelines: 19. assessing the certainty of evidence in the importance of outcomes or values and preferences\u2014risk of bias and indirectness. J Clin Epidemiol 2019; 111: 94\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.01.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.01.013"},{"key":"2991_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Coello PA, Guyatt GH, et al. GRADE guidelines: 20. assessing the certainty of evidence in the importance of outcomes or values and preferences\u2014inconsistency, imprecision, and other domains. J Clin Epidemiol 2019; 111: 83\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.05.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.05.011"},{"key":"2991_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2019.10.014","volume":"119","author":"N Santesso","year":"2020","unstructured":"Santesso N, Glenton C, Dahm P, et al. GRADE guidelines 26: informative statements to communicate the findings of systematic reviews of interventions. J Clin Epidemiol 2020; 119: 126\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2019.10.014","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2991_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1259","volume":"8","author":"G R\u00fccker","year":"2017","unstructured":"R\u00fccker G, Cates CJ, Schwarzer G. Methods for including information from multi-arm trials in pairwise meta-analysis. Res Synth Methods 2017; 8: 392\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jrsm.1259","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"2991_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12163","volume":"23","author":"I Wong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wong I, St John-Green C, Walker SM. Opioid-sparing effects of perioperative paracetamol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in children. Pediatr Anesth 2013; 23: 475\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.12163","journal-title":"Pediatr Anesth"},{"key":"2991_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1097\/aln.0b013e31825681cb","volume":"116","author":"G Blaudszun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blaudszun G, Lysakowski C, Elia N, Tram\u00e8 MR. Effect of perioperative systemic \u03b12-agonists on postoperative morphine consumption and pain intensity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Anesthesiology 2012; 116: 1312\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/aln.0b013e31825681cb","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"2991_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.03.029","volume":"154","author":"A Schnabel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schnabel A, Meyer-Frie\u00dfem CH, Reichl SU, Zahn PK, Pogatzki-Zahn EM. Is intraoperative dexmedetomidine a new option for postoperative pain treatment? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pain 2013; 154: 1140\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2013.03.029","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2991_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/ana.0000000000000403","volume":"30","author":"Y Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu Y, Liang F, Liu X, Shao X, Jiang N, Gan X. Dexmedetomidine reduces perioperative opioid consumption and postoperative pain intensity in neurosurgery: a meta-analysis. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2018; 30: 146\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ana.0000000000000403","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"2991_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12030","volume":"23","author":"A Schnabel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schnabel A, Reichl SU, Poepping DM, Kranke P, Pogatzki-Zahn EM, Zahn PK. Efficacy and safety of intraoperative dexmedetomidine for acute postoperative pain in children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pediatr Anesth 2013; 23: 170\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.12030","journal-title":"Pediatr Anesth"},{"key":"2991_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0000000000004774","volume":"132","author":"AM Franz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Franz AM, Martin LD, Liston DE, Latham GJ, Richards MJ, Low DK. In pursuit of an opioid-free pediatric ambulatory surgery center: a quality improvement initiative. Anesth Analg 2021; 132: 788\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ane.0000000000004774","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2991_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-016-0045-2","volume":"5","author":"M Bellon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bellon M, Le Bot A, Michelet D, et al. Efficacy of intraoperative dexmedetomidine compared with placebo for postoperative pain management: a meta-analysis of published studies. Pain Ther 2016; 5: 63\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40122-016-0045-2","journal-title":"Pain Ther"},{"key":"2991_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.14689","volume":"33","author":"HS Na","year":"2023","unstructured":"Na HS, Kim SY, Park JI, Lee S, Hwang JW, Shin HJ. The effect of intranasal dexmedetomidine administration on emergence agitation or delirium in pediatric patients after general anesthesia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pediatr Anesth 2023; 33: 636\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.14689","journal-title":"Pediatr Anesth"},{"key":"2991_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s44158-022-00079-y","volume":"2","author":"HM Alassaf","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alassaf HM, Sobahi AM, Alshahrani NS. The efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine in preventing emergence delirium in pediatric patients following ophthalmic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Anesth Analg Crit Care 2022; 2: 48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s44158-022-00079-y","journal-title":"J Anesth Analg Crit Care"},{"key":"2991_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.4103\/aer.aer_178_18","volume":"13","author":"K Sharma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sharma K, Kumar M, Gandhi R. Effect of single-dose dexmedetomidine on intraoperative hemodynamics and postoperative recovery during pediatric adenotonsillectomy. Anesth Essays Res 2019; 13: 63\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aer.aer_178_18","journal-title":"Anesth Essays Res"},{"key":"2991_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-017-0332-4","volume":"17","author":"N Bedirli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bedirli N, Ak\u00e7abay M, Emik U. Tramadol vs dexmedetomidine for emergence agitation control in pediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy with sevoflurane anesthesia: a prospective randomized controlled clinical study. BMC Anesthesiol 2017; 17: 41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-017-0332-4","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"2991_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-011-9493-7","volume":"58","author":"SR Pestieau","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pestieau SR, Quezado ZM, Johnson YJ, et al. High-dose dexmedetomidine increases the opioid-free interval and decreases opioid requirement after tonsillectomy in children. Can J Anesth 2011; 58: 540\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12630-011-9493-7","journal-title":"Can J Anesth"},{"key":"2991_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181e33429","volume":"111","author":"OA Olutoye","year":"2010","unstructured":"Olutoye OA, Glover CD, Diefenderfer JW, et al. The effect of intraoperative dexmedetomidine on postoperative analgesia and sedation in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Anesth Analg 2010; 111: 490\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181e33429","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2991_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egja.2015.04.006","volume":"31","author":"R Soliman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Soliman R, Alshehri A. Effect of dexmedetomidine on emergence agitation in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy under sevoflurane anesthesia: a randomized controlled study. Egypt J Anaesth 2015; 31: 283\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.egja.2015.04.006","journal-title":"Egypt J Anaesth"},{"key":"2991_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2016.03.005","volume":"33","author":"H Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li H, Zhang L, Shi M, Yang S, Li S, Gao S. Impact of dexmedetomidine on pediatric agitation in the postanesthesia care unit. J Perianesth Nurs 2018; 33: 53\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jopan.2016.03.005","journal-title":"J Perianesth Nurs"},{"key":"2991_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2004.01541.x","volume":"15","author":"G Guler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Guler G, Akin A, Tosun Z, Ors S, Esmaoglu A, Boyaci A. Single-dose dexmedetomidine reduces agitation and provides smooth extubation after pediatric adenotonsillectomy. Pediatr Anesth 2005; 15: 762\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2004.01541.x","journal-title":"Pediatr Anesth"},{"key":"2991_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.2147\/dddt.s196075","volume":"13","author":"M Shi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shi M, Miao S, Gu T, Wang D, Zhang H, Liu J. Dexmedetomidine for the prevention of emergence delirium and postoperative behavioral changes in pediatric patients with sevoflurane anesthesia: a double-blind, randomized trial. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13: 897\u2013905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/dddt.s196075","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"2991_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.648802","volume":"13","author":"YZ Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang YZ, Wei XL, Tang B, et al. The effects of different doses of alfentanil and dexmedetomidine on prevention of emergence agitation in pediatric tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy surgery. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:818492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.648802","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2991_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13397","volume":"28","author":"AG Tsiotou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tsiotou AG, Malisiova A, Kouptsova E, Mavri M, Anagnostopoulou M, Kalliardou E. Dexmedetomidine for the reduction of emergence delirium in children undergoing tonsillectomy with propofol anesthesia: a double-blind, randomized study. Pediatr Anesth 2018; 28: 632\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.13397","journal-title":"Pediatr Anesth"},{"key":"2991_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.13080","volume":"45","author":"I Koceroglu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koceroglu I, Devrim S, Bingol Tanriverdi T, Gura Celik M. The effects of dexmedetomidine and tramadol on post-operative pain and agitation, and extubation quality in pediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy surgery: a randomized trial. J Clin Pharm Ther 2020; 45: 340\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpt.13080","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"2991_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhuang PJ, Wang X, Zhang XF, Zhou ZJ, Wang Q. Postoperative respiratory and analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine or morphine for adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnoea.\u00a0Anaesthesia 2011; 66: 989\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2011.06817.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2011.06817.x"},{"key":"2991_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0000000000000931","volume":"121","author":"JA Hauber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hauber JA, Davis PJ, Bendel LP, et al. Dexmedetomidine as a rapid bolus for treatment and prophylactic prevention of emergence agitation in anesthetized children. Anesth Analg 2015; 121: 1308\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ane.0000000000000931","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2991_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005566","volume":"95","author":"JL Cao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cao JL, Pei YP, Wei JQ, Zhang YY. Effects of intraoperative dexmedetomidine with intravenous anesthesia on postoperative emergence agitation\/delirium in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy: a CONSORT-prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Medicine 2016; 95: e5566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000005566","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2991_CR49","first-page":"21","volume":"51","author":"HA Gullu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gullu HA, Orhon Z, Acar G, Ozdamar OI, Celik MG. Assessment of the success of drugs to reduce the emergence agitation in children following adenotonsillectomy. Kuwait Med J 2019; 51: 21\u20136.","journal-title":"Kuwait Med J"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Anesthesia\/Journal canadien d'anesth\u00e9sie"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12630-025-02991-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12630-025-02991-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12630-025-02991-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:01:57Z","timestamp":1783728117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12630-025-02991-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["2991"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12630-025-02991-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0832-610X","1496-8975"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0832-610X","type":"print"},{"value":"1496-8975","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}