{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T03:23:38Z","timestamp":1788837818909,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,4]],"date-time":"2018-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,4]],"date-time":"2018-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH104810."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH104810."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurotox Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-018-9891-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,4]],"date-time":"2018-04-04T05:01:45Z","timestamp":1522818105000},"page":"324-331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effect of Kynurenic Acid on Pupae Viability of Drosophila melanogaster cinnabar and cardinal Eye Color Mutants with Altered Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Valeriya","family":"Navrotskaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artur","family":"Wnorowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waldemar","family":"Turski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7193-9117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory","family":"Oxenkrug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"9891_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4137\/IJTR.S2318","volume":"2","author":"N Braidy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Braidy N, Grant R, Brew BJ, Adams S, Jayasena T, Guillemin GJ (2009) Effects of kynurenine pathway metabolites on intracellular NAD synthesis and cell death in human primary astrocytes and neurons. Int J Tryptophan Res 2:61\u201369","journal-title":"Int J Tryptophan Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"9891_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.04.028","volume":"21","author":"S Campesan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Campesan S, Green EW, Breda C, Sathyasaikumar KV, Muchowski PJ, Schwarcz R, Kyriacou CP, Giorgini F (2011) The kynurenine pathway modulates neurodegeneration in a Drosophila model of Huntington\u2019s disease. Curr Biol 21(11):961\u2013966. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2011.04.028","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"9891_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2003.11.051","volume":"312","author":"A Cerstiaens","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cerstiaens A, Huybrechts J, Kotanen S, Lebeau I, Meylaers K, De Loof A, Schoofs L (2003) Neurotoxic and neurobehavioral effects of kynurenines in adult insects. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 312:1171\u20131177","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"9891_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.8644","volume":"246","author":"SJ Chiou","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chiou SJ, Kotanen S, Cerstiaens A, Daloze D, Pasteels JM, Lesage A, Drijfhout JW, Verhaert P, Dillen L, Claeys M, De Meulemeester H, Nuttin B, De Loof A, Schoofs L (1998) Purification of toxic compounds from larvae of the gray fleshfly: the identification of paralysins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 246:457\u2013462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/bbrc.1998.8644","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"9891_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142598","volume":"10","author":"W Dabrowski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dabrowski W, Kwiecien JM, Rola R, Klapec M, Stanisz GJ, Kotlinska-Hasiec E, Oakden W, Janik R, Coote M, Frey BN, Turski WA (2015) Prolonged subdural infusion of kynurenic acid is associated with dose-dependent myelin damage in the rat spinal cord. PLoS One 10:e0142598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0142598","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"9891_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1790(91)90035-D","volume":"21","author":"RM Dolores","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dolores RM, Ferr\u00e9 J (1991) Analysis of kynurenine transaminase activity in Drosophila by high performance liquid chromatography. Insect Biochem 21:647\u2013652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0020-1790(91)90035-D","journal-title":"Insect Biochem"},{"key":"9891_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)90216-3","volume":"495","author":"CL Eastman","year":"1989","unstructured":"Eastman CL, Guilarte TR (1989) Cytotoxicity of 3-hydroxykynurenine in a neuronal hybrid cell line. Brain Res 495:225\u2013231","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"9891_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2007.05.025","volume":"92","author":"S Erhardt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Erhardt S, Schwieler L, Nilsson L, Linderholm K, Engberg G (2007) The kynurenic acid hypothesis of schizophrenia. Physiol Behav 92:203\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2007.05.025","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"9891_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5223.2013.00006.x","volume":"150","author":"K Fahmy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fahmy K, Baumgartner S (2013) Expression analysis of a family of developmentally-regulated cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) in Drosophila. Hereditas 150:44\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1601-5223.2013.00006.x","journal-title":"Hereditas"},{"key":"9891_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1790(83)90051-3","volume":"13","author":"J Ferre","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ferre J (1983) Accumulation of kynurenic acid in the \u201ccinnabar\u201d mutant of Drosophila melanogaster as revealed by thin-layer chromatography. Insect Biochem 13:289\u2013294","journal-title":"Insect Biochem"},{"key":"9891_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)39636-9","volume":"260","author":"J Ferre","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ferre J, Real MD, Mensua JL, Jacobson KB (1985) Xanthurenic acid 8-O-beta-D-glucoside, a novel tryptophan metabolite in eye-color mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. J Biol Chem 260:7509\u20137514","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"9891_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3857","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1999.00806.x","volume":"11","author":"P Guidetti","year":"1999","unstructured":"Guidetti P, Schwarcz R (1999) 3-Hydroxykynurenine potentiates quinolinate but not NMDA toxicity in the rat striatum. Eur J Neurosci 11:3857\u20133863","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"9891_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.70647","volume":"72","author":"K Hattori","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hattori K, Motohashi N, Kobayashi I, Tohya T, Oikawa M, Tamura HO (2008) Cloning, expression, and characterization of cytosolic sulfotransferase isozymes from Drosophila melanogaster. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:540\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1271\/bbb.70647","journal-title":"Biosci Biotechnol Biochem"},{"key":"9891_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00484496","volume":"15","author":"AJ Howells","year":"1977","unstructured":"Howells AJ, Summers KM, Ryall RL (1977) Developmental patterns of 3-hydroxykynurenine accumulation in white and various other eye color mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Genet 15:1049\u20131059","journal-title":"Biochem Genet"},{"key":"9891_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420747","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/420747","volume":"2008","author":"T Hruz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hruz T, Laule O, Szabo G, Wessendorp F, Bleuler S, Oertle L, Widmayer P, Gruissem W, Zimmermann P (2008) Genevestigator v3: a reference expression database for the meta-analysis of transcriptomes. Adv Bioinforma 2008:420747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2008\/420747","journal-title":"Adv Bioinforma"},{"key":"9891_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2011.10.003","volume":"58","author":"A Kushida","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kushida A, Horie R, Hattori K, Hamamoto H, Sekimizu K, Tamura H (2012) Xanthurenic acid is an endogenous substrate for the silkworm cytosolic sulfotransferase, bmST1. J Insect Physiol 58:83\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2011.10.003","journal-title":"J Insect Physiol"},{"key":"9891_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2806(08)60130-7","volume-title":"Advances in insect physiology","author":"B Linzen","year":"1974","unstructured":"Linzen B (1974a) The tryptophan-ommochrome pathway in insects. In: Beament JW, Treherne JE (eds) Advances in insect physiology, vol 10. Academic Press, Waltham, pp 117\u2013246"},{"key":"9891_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2806(08)60130-7","volume":"10","author":"B Linzen","year":"1974","unstructured":"Linzen B (1974b) The tryptophan \u2192 ommochrome pathway in insects. Adv In Insect Phys 10:117\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0065-2806(08)60130-7","journal-title":"Adv In Insect Phys"},{"key":"9891_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6793-1-7","volume":"1","author":"HZ Malina","year":"2001","unstructured":"Malina HZ, Richter C, Mehl M, Hess OM (2001) Pathological apoptosis by xanthurenic acid, a tryptophan metabolite: activation of cell caspases but not cytoskeleton breakdown. BMC Physiol 1:7\u201312","journal-title":"BMC Physiol"},{"key":"9891_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.71.183","volume":"71","author":"Y Nakagami","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nakagami Y, Saito H, Katsuki H (1996) 3-Hydroxykynurenine toxicity on the rat striatum in vivo. Jpn J Pharmacol 71:183\u2013186","journal-title":"Jpn J Pharmacol"},{"key":"9891_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15761\/PDDT.1000104","volume":"1","author":"V Navrotskaya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Navrotskaya V, Oxenkrug G (2016) Effect of kynurenic acid on development and aging in wild type and vermilion mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. Pharmacol Drug Dev Ther 1:1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15761\/PDDT.1000104","journal-title":"Pharmacol Drug Dev Ther"},{"key":"9891_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2015-0051","volume":"13","author":"BN Nayak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nayak BN, Buttar HS (2016) Evaluation of the antioxidant properties of tryptophan and its metabolites in in vitro assay. J Complemen Integr Med 13:129\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jcim-2015-0051","journal-title":"J Complemen Integr Med"},{"key":"9891_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12553","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.22.12553","volume":"93","author":"S Okuda","year":"1996","unstructured":"Okuda S, Nishiyama N, Saito H, Katsuki H (1996) Hydrogen peroxide-mediated neuronal cell death induced by an endogenous neurotoxin, 3-hydroxykynurenine. Natl Acad Sci USA 93:12553\u201312558","journal-title":"Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"9891_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.70010299.x","volume":"70","author":"S Okuda","year":"1998","unstructured":"Okuda S, Nishiyama N, Saito H, Katsuki H (1998) 3-Hydroxykynurenine, an endogenous oxidative stress generator, causes neuronal cell death with apoptotic features and region selectivity. J Neurochem 70:299\u2013307","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"9891_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-009-0341-7","volume":"117","author":"GF Oxenkrug","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oxenkrug GF (2010) The extended life span of Drosophila melanogaster eye-color (white and vermilion) mutants with impaired formation of kynurenine. J Neural Transm 117:23\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-009-0341-7","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"9891_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015238418500","volume":"33","author":"D Pawlak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pawlak D, Pawlak K, Malyszko J, Mysliwiec M, Buczko W (2001) Accumulation of toxic products degradation of kynurenine in hemodialyzed patients. Int Urol Nephrol 33:399\u2013404","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"9891_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.10.002","volume":"204","author":"K Pawlak","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pawlak K, Brzosko S, Mysliwiec M, Pawlak D (2009) Kynurenine, quinolinic acid\u2014the new factors linked to carotid atherosclerosis in patients with end-stage renal disease. Atherosclerosis 204:561\u2013566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.10.002","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"9891_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.21.1.27","volume":"21","author":"TM Rizki","year":"1964","unstructured":"Rizki TM, Rizki RM (1964) Factors affecting the intracellular synthesis of kynurenine. J Cell Biol 21:27\u201333","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"9891_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sathyasaikumar KV, Tararina M, Wu HQ, Neale SA, Weisz F, Salt TE, Schwarcz R (2017) Xanthurenic acid formation from 3-hydroxykynurenine in the mammalian brain: neurochemical characterization and physiological effects. Neuroscience 367:85\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.10.006 epub","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.10.006"},{"key":"9891_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020070080","volume":"107","author":"E Savvateeva","year":"2000","unstructured":"Savvateeva E, Popov A, Kamyshev N, Bragina J, Heisenberg M, Senitz D, Kornhuber J, Riederer P (2000) Age-dependent memory loss, synaptic pathology and altered brain plasticity in the Drosophila mutant cardinal accumulating 3-hydroxykynurenine. J Neural Transm 107:581\u2013601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s007020070080","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"9891_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3257","volume":"13","author":"R Schwarcz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schwarcz R, Bruno JP, Muchowski PJ, Wu HQ (2012) Kynurenines in the mammalian brain: when physiology meets pathology. Nat Rev Neurosci 13:465\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn3257","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"9891_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.108.143164","volume":"327","author":"L Senggunprai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Senggunprai L, Yoshinari K, Shimada M, Yamazoe Y (2008) Involvement of ST1B subfamily of cytosolic sulfotransferase in kynurenine metabolism to form natriuretic xanthurenic acid sulfate. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 327:789\u2013798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.108.143164","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"9891_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20090168","volume":"422","author":"L Senggunprai","year":"2009","unstructured":"Senggunprai L, Yoshinari K, Yamazoe Y (2009) Inhibitory effects of kynurenic acid, a tryptophan metabolite, and its derivatives on cytosolic sulfotransferases. Biochem J 422:455\u2013462","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"9891_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1017\/S0016672300029402","volume":"57","author":"R Tearle","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tearle R (1991) Tissue specific effects of ommochrome pathway mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. Genet Res 57:257\u2013266","journal-title":"Genet Res"},{"key":"9891_CR35","unstructured":"The Merck Index (1983) 10th ed., Entry# 5164"},{"key":"9891_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200217666151222155043","volume":"17","author":"N Torok","year":"2016","unstructured":"Torok N, Majlath Z, Fulop F, Toldi J, Vecsei L (2016) Brain aging and disorders of the central nervous system: kynurenines and drug metabolism. Curr Drug Metab 17:412\u2013429","journal-title":"Curr Drug Metab"},{"key":"9891_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0031-z","volume":"36","author":"MP Turski","year":"2009","unstructured":"Turski MP, Turska M, Zgrajka W, Kuc D, Turski WA (2009) Presence of kynurenic acid in food and honeybee products. Amino Acids 36:75\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00726-008-0031-z","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"9891_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.4137\/IJTR.S12536","volume":"6","author":"MP Turski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Turski MP, Turska M, Paluszkiewicz P, Parada-Turska J, Oxenkrug GF (2013) Kynurenic acid in the digestive system\u2014new facts, new challenges. Int J Tryptophan Res 6:47\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4137\/IJTR.S12536","journal-title":"Int J Tryptophan Res"},{"key":"9891_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.07.013","volume":"66","author":"WA Turski","year":"2014","unstructured":"Turski WA, Malaczewska J, Marciniak S, Bednarski J, Turski MP, Jablonski M, Siwicki AK (2014) On the toxicity of kynurenic acid in vivo and in vitro. Pharmacol Rep 66:1127\u20131133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.07.013","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"9891_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-012-1247-5","volume":"43","author":"K Walczak","year":"2012","unstructured":"Walczak K, Zurawska M, Kis J, Starownik R, Zgrajka W, Bar K, Turski WA, Rzeski W (2012) Kynurenic acid in human renal cell carcinoma: its antiproliferative and antimigrative action on Caki-2 cells. Amino Acids 43:1663\u20131670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00726-012-1247-5","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"9891_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-014-1790-3","volume":"46","author":"K Walczak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Walczak K, Turski WA, Rajtar G (2014a) Kynurenic acid inhibits colon cancer proliferation in vitro: effects on signaling pathways. Amino Acids 46:2393\u20132401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00726-014-1790-3","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"9891_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2013.06.007","volume":"66","author":"K Walczak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Walczak K, Deneka-Hannemann S, Jarosz B, Zgrajka W, Stoma F, Trojanowski T, Turski WA, Rzeski W (2014b) Kynurenic acid inhibits proliferation and migration of human glioblastoma T98G cells. Pharmacol Rep 66:130\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharep.2013.06.007","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"9891_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0750081.x","volume":"75","author":"H Wei","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wei H, Leeds P, Chen RW, Wei W, Leng Y, Bredesen DE, Chuang DM (2000) Neuronal apoptosis induced by pharmacological concentrations of 3-hydroxykynurenine: characterization and protection by dantrolene and Bcl-2 overexpression. J Neurochem 75:81\u201390","journal-title":"J Neurochem"}],"container-title":["Neurotoxicity Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12640-018-9891-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12640-018-9891-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12640-018-9891-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:11:54Z","timestamp":1660781514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12640-018-9891-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,4]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["9891"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12640-018-9891-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1029-8428","1476-3524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1029-8428","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-3524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 October 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 March 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 April 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"All applicable international, national, and institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All procedures performed in the study involving animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution at which the studies were conducted.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}