{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T21:21:05Z","timestamp":1793395265293,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurotox Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-019-0003-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T06:51:19Z","timestamp":1549003879000},"page":"775-795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":443,"title":["The Role of PI3K\/Akt and ERK in Neurodegenerative Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Sachchida Nand","family":"Rai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hagera","family":"Dilnashin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hareram","family":"Birla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saumitra Sen","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walia","family":"Zahra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaina Singh","family":"Rathore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brijesh Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surya Pratap","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"3_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4103\/0300-1652.110033","volume":"54","author":"IH Abdulkareem","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abdulkareem IH, Blair M (2013) Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 Nigerian medical journal. J Niger Med Assoc 54:79","journal-title":"J Niger Med Assoc"},{"key":"3_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4220","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(20)64310-1","volume":"266","author":"NG Ahn","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ahn NG, Seger R, Bratlien R, Diltz C, Tonks N, Krebs E (1991) Multiple components in an epidermal growth factor-stimulated protein kinase cascade. In vitro activation of a myelin basic protein\/microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase. J Biol Chem 266:4220\u20134227","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12866","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.22.12866","volume":"96","author":"A Alessandrini","year":"1999","unstructured":"Alessandrini A, Namura S, Moskowitz MA, Bonventre JV (1999) MEK1 protein kinase inhibition protects against damage resulting from focal cerebral ischemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci 96:12866\u201312869","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"3_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06424.x","volume":"13","author":"DR Alessi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Alessi DR, Saito Y, Campbell DG, Cohen P, Sithanandam G, Rapp U, Ashworth A, Marshall CJ, Cowley S (1994) Identification of the sites in MAP kinase kinase-1 phosphorylated by p74raf-1. EMBO J 13:1610\u20131619","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"3_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6541","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb01045.x","volume":"15","author":"DR Alessi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Alessi DR, Andjelkovic M, Caudwell B, Cron P, Morrice N, Cohen P, Hemmings B (1996a) Mechanism of activation of protein kinase B by insulin and IGF-1. EMBO J 15:6541\u20136551","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"3_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(96)01370-1","volume":"399","author":"DR Alessi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Alessi DR, Barry Caudwell F, Andjelkovic M, Hemmings BA, Cohen P (1996b) Molecular basis for the substrate specificity of protein kinase B; comparison with MAPKAP kinase-1 and p70 S6 kinase. FEBS Lett 399:333\u2013338","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"3_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(06)00122-9","volume":"7","author":"DR Alessi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Alessi DR, James SR, Downes CP, Holmes AB, Gaffney PR, Reese CB, Cohen P (1997) Characterization of a 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase which phosphorylates and activates protein kinase B\u03b1. Curr Biol 7:261\u2013269","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"3_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32274","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.45.32274","volume":"274","author":"S Altiok","year":"1999","unstructured":"Altiok S, Batt D, Altiok N, Papautsky A, Downward J, Roberts TM, Avraham H (1999) Heregulin induces phosphorylation of BRCA1 through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/AKT in breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 274:32274\u201332278","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.105.018374","volume":"69","author":"CK Andreadi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Andreadi CK, Howells LM, Atherfold PA, Manson MM (2006) Involvement of Nrf2, p38, B-Raf, and nuclear factor-\u03baB, but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, in induction of hemeoxygenase-1 by dietary polyphenols. Mol Pharmacol 69:1033\u20131040","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"3_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddi443","volume":"15","author":"BL Apostol","year":"2005","unstructured":"Apostol BL et al (2005) Mutant huntingtin alters MAPK signaling pathways in PC12 and striatal cells: ERK1\/2 protects against mutant huntingtin-associated toxicity. Hum Mol Genet 15:273\u2013285","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"3_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22884","volume":"63","author":"RI Aroeira","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aroeira RI, Sebasti\u00e3o AM, Valente CA (2015) BDNF, via truncated TrkB receptor, modulates GlyT1 and GlyT2 in astrocytes. Glia 63:2181\u20132197","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"3_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s10059-010-0080-5","volume":"29","author":"JH Bae","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bae JH, Schlessinger J (2010) Asymmetric tyrosine kinase arrangements in activation or autophosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinases. Mol Cell 29:443\u2013448","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"3_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5704-10.2011","volume":"31","author":"FH Bardai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bardai FH, D'Mello SR (2011) Selective toxicity by HDAC3 in neurons: regulation by Akt and GSK3\u03b2. J Neurosci 31:1746\u20131751","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2005.03.020","volume":"18","author":"JR Bayascas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bayascas JR, Alessi DR (2005) Regulation of Akt\/PKB Ser473 phosphorylation. Mol Cell 18:143\u2013145","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"3_CR15","first-page":"1855","volume":"11","author":"G Bi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bi G et al (2018) Therapeutic effect of transmembrane TAT-tCNTF via Erk and Akt activation using in vitro and in vivo models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 11:1855\u20131865","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"3_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/08977190410001723308","volume":"22","author":"DK Binder","year":"2004","unstructured":"Binder DK, Scharfman HE (2004) Mini review. Growth Factors 22:123\u2013131","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"3_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201100116","volume":"34","author":"L Bodai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bodai L, Marsh JL (2012) A novel target for Huntington\u2019s disease: ERK at the crossroads of signaling: the ERK signaling pathway is implicated in Huntington\u2019s disease and its upregulation ameliorates pathology. Bioessays 34:142\u2013148","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"3_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19102973","volume":"19","author":"A Bohush","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bohush A, Niewiadomska G, Filipek A (2018) Role of mitogen activated protein kinase signaling in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Int J Mol Sci 19:2973","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5443.1358","volume":"286","author":"A Bonni","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bonni A, Brunet A, West AE, Datta SR, Takasu MA, Greenberg ME (1999) Cell survival promoted by the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway by transcription-dependent and-independent mechanisms. Science 286:1358\u20131362","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.2174\/138161207780858384","volume":"13","author":"T Borsello","year":"2007","unstructured":"Borsello T, Forloni G (2007) JNK signalling: a possible target to prevent neurodegeneration. Curr Pharm Des 13:1875\u20131886","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"3_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)01083-8","volume":"111","author":"DP Brazil","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brazil DP, Park J, Hemmings BA (2002) PKB binding proteins: getting in on the Akt. Cell 111:293\u2013303","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"3_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2004.03.006","volume":"29","author":"DP Brazil","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brazil DP, Yang Z-Z, Hemmings BA (2004) Advances in protein kinase B signalling: AKTion on multiple fronts. Trends Biochem Sci 29:233\u2013242","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"3_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80595-4","volume":"96","author":"A Brunet","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brunet A, Bonni A, Zigmond MJ, Lin MZ, Juo P, Hu LS, Anderson MJ, Arden KC, Blenis J, Greenberg ME (1999) Akt promotes cell survival by phosphorylating and inhibiting a Forkhead transcription factor. Cell 96:857\u2013868","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"3_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(00)00211-7","volume":"11","author":"A Brunet","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brunet A, Datta SR, Greenberg ME (2001) Transcription-dependent and-independent control of neuronal survival by the PI3K\u2013Akt signaling pathway. Curr Opin Neurobiol 11:297\u2013305","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"3_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2009.3074","volume":"13","author":"V Calabrese","year":"2010","unstructured":"Calabrese V, Cornelius C, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Calabrese EJ, Mattson MP (2010) Cellular stress responses, the hormesis paradigm, and vitagenes: novel targets for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative disorders. Antioxid Redox Signal 13:1763\u20131811","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"3_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5110","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-14-05110.2001","volume":"21","author":"P Calabresi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Calabresi P, Gubellini P, Picconi B, Centonze D, Pisani A, Bonsi P, Greengard P, Hipskind RA, Borrelli E, Bernardi G (2001) Inhibition of mitochondrial complex II induces a long-term potentiation of NMDA-mediated synaptic excitation in the striatum requiring endogenous dopamine. J Neurosci 21:5110\u20135120","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2017.01.019","volume":"319","author":"Q Cao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cao Q et al (2017) Amentoflavone protects dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model mice through PI3K\/Akt and ERK signaling pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 319:80\u201390","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"3_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-130050","volume":"35","author":"MJ Casarejos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Casarejos MJ, Perucho J, Gomez A, Mu\u00f1oz MP, Fernandez-Estevez M, Sagredo O, Fernandez Ruiz J, Guzman M, de Yebenes JG, Mena MA (2013) Natural cannabinoids improve dopamine neurotransmission and tau and amyloid pathology in a mouse model of tauopathy. J Alzheimers Dis 35:525\u2013539","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"3_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.2004.04131.x","volume":"271","author":"JE Cavanaugh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cavanaugh JE (2004) Role of extracellular signal regulated kinase 5 in neuronal survival. Eur J Biochem 271:2056\u20132059","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"3_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2016.12.017","volume":"25","author":"W-F Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen W-F et al (2017) Neuroprotective properties of icariin in MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease: involvement of PI3K\/Akt and MEK\/ERK signaling pathways. Phytomedicine 25:93\u201399","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"3_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5289","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1205650","volume":"21","author":"Y Choi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Choi Y, Zhang J, Murga C, Yu H, Koller E, Monia BP, Gutkind JS, Li W (2002) PTEN, but not SHIP and SHIP2, suppresses the PI3K\/Akt pathway and induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of myeloma cells. Oncogene 21:5289\u20135300","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"3_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2008.08.007","volume":"31","author":"D Chuderland","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chuderland D, Konson A, Seger R (2008) Identification and characterization of a general nuclear translocation signal in signaling proteins. Mol Cell 31:850\u2013861","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"3_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(99)80067-2","volume":"3","author":"P Cohen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cohen P (1999) The development and therapeutic potential of protein kinase inhibitors. Curr Opin Chem Biol 3:459\u2013465","journal-title":"Curr Opin Chem Biol"},{"key":"3_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.10355","volume":"25","author":"L Colucci-D'Amato","year":"2003","unstructured":"Colucci-D'Amato L, Perrone-Capano C, di Porzio U (2003) Chronic activation of ERK and neurodegenerative diseases. Bioessays 25:1085\u20131095","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"3_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2011.07.005","volume":"59","author":"W Cui","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cui W, Li W, Han R, Mak S, Zhang H, Hu S, Rong J, Han Y (2011a) PI3-K\/Akt and ERK pathways activated by VEGF play opposite roles in MPP+-induced neuronal apoptosis. Neurochem Int 59:945\u2013953","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"3_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.02.006","volume":"1394","author":"W Cui","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cui W, Li W, Zhao Y, Mak S, Gao Y, Luo J, Zhang H, Liu Y, Carlier PR, Rong J, Han Y (2011b) Preventing H2O2-induced apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons by regulating the VEGFR-2\/Akt signaling pathway using a novel dimeric antiacetylcholinesterase bis (12)-hupyridone. Brain Res 1394:14\u201323","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"3_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3919","DOI":"10.2174\/138161209789649330","volume":"15","author":"G Cuny","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cuny G (2009) Kinase inhibitors as potential therapeutics for acute and chronic neurodegenerative conditions. Curr Pharm Des 15:3919\u20133939","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"3_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2009.06.001","volume":"9","author":"RK Dagda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dagda RK, Zhu J, Chu CT (2009) Mitochondrial kinases in Parkinson\u2019s disease: converging insights from neurotoxin and genetic models. Mitochondrion 9:289\u2013298","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"3_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4426","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.15.4426","volume":"17","author":"M Deak","year":"1998","unstructured":"Deak M, Clifton AD, Lucocq JM, Alessi DR (1998) Mitogen-and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (MSK1) is directly activated by MAPK and SAPK2\/p38, and may mediate activation of CREB. EMBO J 17:4426\u20134441","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"3_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80587-5","volume":"21","author":"M Deshmukh","year":"1998","unstructured":"Deshmukh M, Johnson EM Jr (1998) Evidence of a novel event during neuronal death: development of competence-to-die in response to cytoplasmic cytochrome c. Neuron 21:695\u2013705","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1202251","volume":"17","author":"N Dhanasekaran","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dhanasekaran N, Reddy EP (1998) Signaling by dual specificity kinases. Oncogene 17:1447\u20131455","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"3_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5300.661","volume":"275","author":"H Dudek","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dudek H, Datta SR, Franke TF, Birnbaum MJ, Yao R, Cooper GM, Segal RA, Kaplan DR, Greenberg ME (1997) Regulation of neuronal survival by the serine-threonine protein kinase Akt. Science 275:661\u2013665","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200104005","volume":"155","author":"JM Dyson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dyson JM, O'Malley CJ, Becanovic J, Munday AD, Berndt MC, Coghill ID, Nandurkar HH, Ooms LM, Mitchell CA (2001) The SH2-containing inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase, SHIP-2, binds filamin and regulates submembraneous actin. J Cell Biol 155:1065\u20131080","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"3_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0828-9","volume":"122","author":"M Elstner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Elstner M, Morris CM, Heim K, Bender A, Mehta D, Jaros E, Klopstock T, Meitinger T, Turnbull DM, Prokisch H (2011) Expression analysis of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson\u2019s disease and aging links transcriptional dysregulation of energy metabolism to cell death. Acta Neuropathol 122:75\u201386","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"3_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13179","volume":"173","author":"AI Faden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Faden AI, Wu J, Stoica BA, Loane DJ (2016) Progressive inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration after traumatic brain or spinal cord injury. Br J Pharmacol 173:681\u2013691","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"3_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5675","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.02724","volume":"118","author":"E Fayard","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fayard E, Tintignac LA, Baudry A, Hemmings BA (2005) Protein kinase B\/Akt at a glance. J Cell Sci 118:5675\u20135678","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"3_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.06.002","volume":"45","author":"OV Forlenza","year":"2011","unstructured":"Forlenza OV, Torres CA, Talib LL, de Paula VJ, Joaquim HP, Diniz BS, Gattaz WF (2011) Increased platelet GSK3B activity in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Psychiatr Res 45:220\u2013224","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"3_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.8.1921","volume":"16","author":"R Fukunaga","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fukunaga R, Hunter T (1997) MNK1, a new MAP kinase-activated protein kinase, isolated by a novel expression screening method for identifying protein kinase substrates. EMBO J 16:1921\u20131933","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"3_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/21218","volume":"399","author":"D Fulton","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fulton D, Gratton JP, McCabe TJ, Fontana J, Fujio Y, Walsh K, Franke TF, Papapetropoulos A, Sessa WC (1999) Regulation of endothelium-derived nitric oxide production by the protein kinase Akt. Nature 399:597\u2013601","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5042","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-12-05042.2002","volume":"22","author":"CR Gerfen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gerfen CR, Miyachi S, Paletzki R, Brown P (2002) D1 dopamine receptor supersensitivity in the dopamine-depleted striatum results from a switch in the regulation of ERK1\/2\/MAP kinase. J Neurosci 22:5042\u20135054","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.4.502","volume":"12","author":"A-C Gingras","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gingras A-C, Kennedy SG, O\u2019Leary MA, Sonenberg N, Hay N (1998) 4E-BP1, a repressor of mRNA translation, is phosphorylated and inactivated by the Akt (PKB) signaling pathway. Genes Dev 12:502\u2013513","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"3_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.016","volume":"140","author":"CK Glass","year":"2010","unstructured":"Glass CK, Saijo K, Winner B, Marchetto MC, Gage FH (2010) Mechanisms underlying inflammation in neurodegeneration. Cell 140:918\u2013934","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"3_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50514","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M309348200","volume":"278","author":"S Gines","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gines S, Ivanova E, Seong I-S, Saura CA, MacDonald ME (2003) Enhanced Akt signaling is an early pro-survival response that reflects N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation in Huntington's disease knock-in striatal cells. J Biol Chem 278:50514\u201350522","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3_CR54","first-page":"371","volume":"12","author":"CM Golen van","year":"2001","unstructured":"van Golen CM, Schwab TS, Ignatoski KW, Ethier SP, Feldman EL (2001) PTEN\/MMAC1 overexpression decreases insulin-like growth factor-I-mediated protection from apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. Cell Growth Differ 12:371\u2013378","journal-title":"Cell Growth Differ"},{"key":"3_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/353170a0","volume":"353","author":"N G\u00f3mez","year":"1991","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez N, Cohen P (1991) Dissection of the protein kinase cascade by which nerve growth factor activates MAP kinases. Nature 353:170\u2013173","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)02422-8","volume":"935","author":"C G\u00f3mez-Santos","year":"2002","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Santos C, Ferrer I, Reiriz J, Vi\u00f1als F, Barrachina M, Ambrosio S (2002) MPP+ increases \u03b1-synuclein expression and ERK\/MAP-kinase phosphorylation in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Brain Res 935:32\u201339","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"3_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)54548-8","volume":"266","author":"FA Gonzalez","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gonzalez FA, Raden DL, Davis RJ (1991) Identification of substrate recognition determinants for human ERK1 and ERK2 protein kinases. J Biol Chem 266:22159\u201322163","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01520.x","volume":"84","author":"RA Gonz\u00e1lez-Polo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Polo RA, Soler G, Alvarez A, Fabregat I, Fuentes JM (2003) Vitamin E blocks early events induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in cerebellar granule cells. J Neurochem 84:305\u2013315","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"3_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1080420417","volume":"42","author":"Y Gotoh","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gotoh Y, Nishida E (1995) Activation mechanism and function of the MAP kinase cascade. Mol Reprod Dev 42:486\u2013492","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"3_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grazia Spillantini M, Crowther RA, Jakes R, Hasegawa M (1998) Goedert M alpha-Synuclein in filamentous inclusions of Lewy bodies from Parkinson\u2019s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. pp 6469\u20136473","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.11.6469"},{"key":"3_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02949.x","volume":"93","author":"RJ Griffin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Griffin RJ, Moloney A, Kelliher M, Johnston JA, Ravid R, Dockery P, O'Connor R, O'Neill C (2005) Activation of Akt\/PKB, increased phosphorylation of Akt substrates and loss and altered distribution of Akt and PTEN are features of Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology. J Neurochem 93:105\u2013117","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"3_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4138","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.8.4138","volume":"271","author":"KZ Guyton","year":"1996","unstructured":"Guyton KZ, Liu Y, Gorospe M, Xu Q, Holbrook NJ (1996) Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase by ho role in cell survival following oxidant injury. J Biol Chem 271:4138\u20134142","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2003.11.009","volume":"1697","author":"M Hanada","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hanada M, Feng J, Hemmings BA (2004) Structure, regulation and function of PKB\/AKT\u2014a major therapeutic target. Biochim Biophys Acta 1697:3\u201316","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"3_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37754","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M104073200","volume":"276","author":"CA Harris","year":"2001","unstructured":"Harris CA, Johnson EM (2001) BH3-only Bcl-2 family members are coordinately regulated by the JNK pathway and require Bax to induce apoptosis in neurons. J Biol Chem 276:37754\u201337760","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23622","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M313784200","volume":"279","author":"M Hashimoto","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hashimoto M, Bar-on P, Ho G, Takenouchi T, Rockenstein E, Crews L, Masliah E (2004) \u03b2-Synuclein regulates Akt activity in neuronal cells a possible mechanism for neuroprotection in Parkinson\u2032 s disease. J Biol Chem 279:23622\u201323629","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2014.08.019","volume":"26","author":"D Heras-Sandoval","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heras-Sandoval D, P\u00e9rez-Rojas JM, Hern\u00e1ndez-Dami\u00e1n J, Pedraza-Chaverri J (2014) The role of PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway in the modulation of autophagy and the clearance of protein aggregates in neurodegeneration. Cell Signal 26:2694\u20132701","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"3_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S156920","volume":"12","author":"M Hu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hu M, Li F, Wang W (2018) Vitexin protects dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-induced Parkinson\u2019s disease through Pi3K\/Akt signaling pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 12:565","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"3_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.2174\/138955709788922647","volume":"9","author":"F Hernandez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hernandez F, Nido JD, Avila J, Villanueva N (2009) GSK3 inhibitors and disease. Mini Rev Med Chem 9:1024\u20131029","journal-title":"Mini Rev Med Chem"},{"key":"3_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.11.030","volume":"68","author":"BR Hoover","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hoover BR, Reed MN, Su J, Penrod RD, Kotilinek LA, Grant MK, Pitstick R, Carlson GA, Lanier LM, Yuan LL, Ashe KH, Liao D (2010) Tau mislocalization to dendritic spines mediates synaptic dysfunction independently of neurodegeneration. Neuron 68:1067\u20131081","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9214","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3256-12.2013","volume":"33","author":"S-H Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang S-H, Wang J, Sui WH, Chen B, Zhang XY, Yan J, Geng Z, Chen ZY (2013) BDNF-dependent recycling facilitates TrkB translocation to postsynaptic density during LTP via a Rab11-dependent pathway. J Neurosci 33:9214\u20139230","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(02)00188-0","volume":"2","author":"S Humbert","year":"2002","unstructured":"Humbert S et al (2002) The IGF-1\/Akt pathway is neuroprotective in Huntington's disease and involves Huntingtin phosphorylation by Akt. Dev Cell 2:831\u2013837","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"3_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.1.76","volume":"13","author":"K Itoh","year":"1999","unstructured":"Itoh K, Wakabayashi N, Katoh Y, Ishii T, Igarashi K, Engel JD, Yamamoto M (1999) Keap1 represses nuclear activation of antioxidant responsive elements by Nrf2 through binding to the amino-terminal Neh2 domain. Genes Dev 13:76\u201386","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"3_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.08.033","volume":"127","author":"E Jacinto","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jacinto E, Facchinetti V, Liu D, Soto N, Wei S, Jung SY, Huang Q, Qin J, Su B (2006) SIN1\/MIP1 maintains rictor-mTOR complex integrity and regulates Akt phosphorylation and substrate specificity. Cell 127:125\u2013137","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"3_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-110711-155456","volume":"46","author":"M Jaiswal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jaiswal M, Sandoval H, Zhang K, Bayat V, Bellen H (2012) Probing mechanisms that underlie human neurodegenerative diseases in Drosophila. Annu Rev Genet 46:371\u2013396","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet"},{"key":"3_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.01.131","volume":"1144","author":"RJ Jakel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jakel RJ, Townsend JA, Kraft AD, Johnson JA (2007) Nrf2-mediated protection against 6-hydroxydopamine. Brain Res 1144:192\u2013201","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"3_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.3109\/08977194.2015.1080696","volume":"33","author":"A Jer\u00f3nimo-Santos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jer\u00f3nimo-Santos A, Fonseca-Gomes J, Guimar\u00e3es DA, Tanqueiro SR, Ramalho RM, Ribeiro JA, Sebasti\u00e3o AM, Di\u00f3genes MJ (2015) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor mediates neuroprotection against A \u03b2-induced toxicity through a mechanism independent on adenosine 2A receptor activation. Growth Factors 33:298\u2013308","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"3_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.04.004","volume":"70","author":"S Jiao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jiao S, Li Z (2011) Nonapoptotic function of BAD and BAX in long-term depression of synaptic transmission. Neuron 70:758\u2013772","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13085","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.19.13085","volume":"274","author":"SS Kang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kang SS, Kwon T, Do SI (1999) Akt protein kinase enhances human telomerase activity through phosphorylation of telomerase reverse transcriptase subunit. J Biol Chem 274:13085\u201313090","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2008.07.010","volume":"39","author":"K Kanninen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kanninen K, Malm TM, Jyrkk\u00e4nen HK, Goldsteins G, Keksa-Goldsteine V, Tanila H, Yamamoto M, Yl\u00e4-Herttuala S, Levonen AL, Koistinaho J (2008) Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 protects against beta amyloid. Mol Cell Neurosci 39:302\u2013313","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"3_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(00)00092-1","volume":"10","author":"DR Kaplan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kaplan DR, Miller FD (2000) Neurotrophin signal transduction in the nervous system. Curr Opin Neurobiol 10:381\u2013391","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"3_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kase MS, Persons A, Napier C (2017) Effects of chronic pramipexole on AMPA receptor trafficking and Akt\/GSK-3\u03b2 signaling in a rat model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. The FASEB Journal 31.1_supplement lb587-lb587","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.31.1_supplement.lb587"},{"key":"3_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2009.12.009","volume":"1802","author":"EK Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim EK, Choi E-J (2010) Pathological roles of MAPK signaling pathways in human diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta 1802:396\u2013405","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"3_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/alzrt265","volume":"6","author":"Y Kitagishi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kitagishi Y, Nakanishi A, Ogura Y, Matsuda S (2014) Dietary regulation of PI3K\/AKT\/GSK-3\u03b2 pathway in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 6:35","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"3_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2021","volume":"12","author":"M Komatsu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Komatsu M, Kurokawa H, Waguri S, Taguchi K, Kobayashi A, Ichimura Y, Sou YS, Ueno I, Sakamoto A, Tong KI, Kim M, Nishito Y, Iemura SI, Natsume T, Ueno T, Kominami E, Motohashi H, Tanaka K, Yamamoto M (2010) The selective autophagy substrate p62 activates the stress responsive transcription factor Nrf2 through inactivation of Keap1. Nat Cell Biol 12:213\u2013223","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"3_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00304.x","volume":"77","author":"SM Kulich","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kulich SM, Chu CT (2001) Sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation by 6-hydroxydopamine: implications for Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurochem 77:1058\u20131066","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"3_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)00061-1","volume":"27","author":"R Kuruvilla","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kuruvilla R, Ye H, Ginty DD (2000) Spatially and functionally distinct roles of the PI3-K effector pathway during NGF signaling in sympathetic neurons. Neuron 27:499\u2013512","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/358417a0","volume":"358","author":"JM Kyriakis","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kyriakis JM, App H, X-f Z, Banerjee P, Brautigan DL, Rapp UR, Avruch J (1992) Raf-1 activates MAP kinase-kinase. Nature 358:417\u2013421","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16009","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)82351-1","volume":"268","author":"J Kyriakis","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kyriakis J, Force T, Rapp U, Bonventre J, Avruch J (1993) Mitogen regulation of c-Raf-1 protein kinase activity toward mitogen-activated protein kinase-kinase. J Biol Chem 268:16009\u201316019","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8385802","volume":"260","author":"CA Lange-Carter","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lange-Carter CA, Pleiman CM, Gardner AM, Blumer KJ, Johnson GL (1993) A divergence in the MAP kinase regulatory network defined by MEK kinase and Raf. Science 260:315\u2013319","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3_CR90","first-page":"49","volume":"100","author":"J Langston","year":"1984","unstructured":"Langston J, Langston E, Irwin I (1984) MPTP-induced parkinsonism in human and non-human primates\u2014clinical and experimental aspects. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 100:49\u201354","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand Suppl"},{"key":"3_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2006.02.027","volume":"126","author":"B Lebrun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lebrun B, Bariohay B, Moyse E, Jean A (2006) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and food intake regulation: a minireview. Auton Neurosci 126:30\u201338","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"3_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00800-07","volume":"28","author":"R Lefloch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lefloch R, Pouyss\u00e9gur J, Lenormand P (2008) Single and combined silencing of ERK1 and ERK2 reveals their positive contribution to growth signaling depending on their expression levels. Mol Cell Biol 28:511\u2013527","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"3_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21029","volume":"541","author":"SA Liddelow","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liddelow SA, Guttenplan KA, Clarke LE, Bennett FC, Bohlen CJ, Schirmer L, Bennett ML, M\u00fcnch AE, Chung WS, Peterson TC, Wilton DK, Frouin A, Napier BA, Panicker N, Kumar M, Buckwalter MS, Rowitch DH, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Stevens B, Barres BA (2017) Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia. Nature 541:481\u2013487","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(00)00733-8","volume":"10","author":"D Liu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Liu D, Yang X, Songyang Z (2000) Identification of CISK, a new member of the SGK kinase family that promotes IL-3-dependent survival. Curr Biol 10:1233\u20131236","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"3_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(99)80023-4","volume":"11","author":"LM Luttrell","year":"1999","unstructured":"Luttrell LM, Daaka Y, Lefkowitz RJ (1999) Regulation of tyrosine kinase cascades by G-protein-coupled receptors. Curr Opin Cell Biol 11:177\u2013183","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol"},{"key":"3_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14363","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3928-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"C Malagelada","year":"2008","unstructured":"Malagelada C, Jin ZH, Greene LA (2008) RTP801 is induced in Parkinson's disease and mediates neuron death by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation\/activation. J Neurosci 28:14363\u201314371","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(02)00568-3","volume":"10","author":"BD Manning","year":"2002","unstructured":"Manning BD, Tee AR, Logsdon MN, Blenis J, Cantley LC (2002) Identification of the tuberous sclerosis complex-2 tumor suppressor gene product tuberin as a target of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase\/akt pathway. Mol Cell 10:151\u2013162","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"3_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9716","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-22-09716.1999","volume":"19","author":"IE Mazzoni","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mazzoni IE, Sa\u0131d FA, Aloyz R, Miller FD, Kaplan D (1999) Ras regulates sympathetic neuron survival by suppressing the p53-mediated cell death pathway. J Neurosci 19:9716\u20139727","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.01.022","volume":"93","author":"FM Menzies","year":"2017","unstructured":"Menzies FM, Fleming A, Caricasole A, Bento CF, Andrews SP, Ashkenazi A, F\u00fcllgrabe J, Jackson A, Jimenez Sanchez M, Karabiyik C, Licitra F, Lopez Ramirez A, Pavel M, Puri C, Renna M, Ricketts T, Schlotawa L, Vicinanza M, Won H, Zhu Y, Skidmore J, Rubinsztein DC (2017) Autophagy and neurodegeneration: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Neuron 93:1015\u20131034","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.12.1532","volume":"57","author":"ME Morris","year":"1994","unstructured":"Morris ME, Iansek R, Matyas TA, Summers JJ (1994) Ability to modulate walking cadence remains intact in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 57:1532\u20131534","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"3_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3550","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.26.9.3550-3564.2006","volume":"26","author":"BE Morrison","year":"2006","unstructured":"Morrison BE, Majdzadeh N, Zhang X, Lyles A, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN, D'Mello SR (2006) Neuroprotection by histone deacetylase-related protein. Mol Cell Biol 26:3550\u20133564","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"3_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11975","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.20.11975","volume":"95","author":"B Murray","year":"1998","unstructured":"Murray B, Alessandrini A, Cole AJ, Yee AG, Furshpan EJ (1998) Inhibition of the p44\/42 MAP kinase pathway protects hippocampal neurons in a cell-culture model of seizure activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci 95:11975\u201311980","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"3_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.14348\/molcells.2015.0034","volume":"38","author":"J Nah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nah J, Yuan J, Jung Y-K (2015) Autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases: from mechanism to therapeutic approach. Mol Cells 38:381\u2013389","journal-title":"Mol Cells"},{"key":"3_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.04.008","volume":"1842","author":"K Nakaso","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nakaso K, Tajima N, Horikoshi Y, Nakasone M, Hanaki T, Kamizaki K, Matsura T (2014) The estrogen receptor \u03b2-PI3K\/Akt pathway mediates the cytoprotective effects of tocotrienol in a cellular Parkinson's disease model. Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA)-Mol Basis Dis 1842:1303\u20131312","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA)-Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"3_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(99)00232-5","volume":"11","author":"Z Naor","year":"2000","unstructured":"Naor Z, Benard O, Seger R (2000) Activation of MAPK cascades by G-protein-coupled receptors: the case of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor. Trends Endocrinol Metab 11:91\u201399","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"3_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-017-2183-2","volume":"42","author":"J Nataraj","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nataraj J, Manivasagam T, Thenmozhi AJ, Essa MM (2017) Neurotrophic effect of asiatic acid, a triterpene of centella asiatica against chronic 1-methyl 4-phenyl 1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride\/probenecid mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease: the role of MAPK, PI3K-Akt-GSK3\u03b2 and mTOR signalling pathways. Neurochem Res 42:1354\u20131365","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"3_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400755","volume":"7","author":"S Nishimoto","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nishimoto S, Nishida E (2006) Mapk signalling: Erk5 versus erk1\/2. EMBO Rep 7:782\u2013786","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"3_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15266","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)98612-6","volume":"266","author":"IC Northwood","year":"1991","unstructured":"Northwood IC, Gonzalez FA, Wartmann M, Raden DL, Davis RJ (1991) Isolation and characterization of two growth factor-stimulated protein kinases that phosphorylate the epidermal growth factor receptor at threonine 669. J Biol Chem 266:15266\u201315276","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.21277","volume":"31","author":"K Nuytemans","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nuytemans K, Theuns J, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C (2010) Genetic etiology of Parkinson disease associated with mutations in the SNCA, PARK2, PINK1, PARK7, and LRRK2 genes: a mutation update. Hum Mutat 31:763\u2013780","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"3_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200101068","volume":"154","author":"N Orike","year":"2001","unstructured":"Orike N, Middleton G, Borthwick E, Buchman V, Cowen T, Davies AM (2001) Role of PI 3-kinase, Akt and Bcl-2\u2013related proteins in sustaining the survival of neurotrophic factor\u2013independent adult sympathetic neurons. J Cell Biol 154:995\u20131006","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"3_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/43466","volume":"401","author":"ON Ozes","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ozes ON, Mayo LD, Gustin JA, Pfeffer SR, Pfeffer LM, Donner DB (1999) NF-\u03baB activation by tumour necrosis factor requires the Akt serine\u2013threonine kinase. Nature 401:82\u201385","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19929","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.32.19929","volume":"273","author":"M Pap","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pap M, Cooper GM (1998) Role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/Akt cell survival pathway. J Biol Chem 273:19929\u201319932","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paradis S, Ruvkun G (1998) C. elegans Akt\/PKB transduces insulin receptor-like signals from AGE-1 PI3K to the DAF-16 transcription factor. In: East Coast Worm Meeting","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.16.2488"},{"key":"3_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a008672","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a008672","volume":"5","author":"AB Parrish","year":"2013","unstructured":"Parrish AB, Freel CD, Kornbluth S (2013) Cellular mechanisms controlling caspase activation and function. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 5:a008672","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122753","volume":"18","author":"R Pariyar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pariyar R et al (2017) Sulfuretin attenuates MPP+-induced neurotoxicity through Akt\/GSK3\u03b2 and ERK signaling pathways. Int J Mol Sci 18(12):2753","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1991.tb08021.x","volume":"10","author":"DM Payne","year":"1991","unstructured":"Payne DM, Rossomando AJ, Martino P, Erickson AK, Her JH, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Weber MJ, Sturgill TW (1991) Identification of the regulatory phosphorylation sites in pp42\/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase). EMBO J 10:885\u2013892","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"3_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5491","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005491","volume":"4","author":"A Petit-Paitel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Petit-Paitel A, Brau F, Cazareth J, Chabry J (2009) Involvment of cytosolic and mitochondrial GSK-3\u03b2 in mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal cell death of MPTP\/MPP+-treated neurons. PLoS One 4:e5491","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)81004-1","volume":"20","author":"B Pettmann","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pettmann B, Henderson CE (1998) Neuronal cell death. Neuron 20:633\u2013647","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.20609","volume":"68","author":"A Quesada","year":"2008","unstructured":"Quesada A, Lee BY, Micevych PE (2008) PI3 kinase\/Akt activation mediates estrogen and IGF-1 nigral DA neuronal neuroprotection against a unilateral rat model of Parkinson's disease. Dev Neurobiol 68:632\u2013644","journal-title":"Dev Neurobiol"},{"key":"3_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00421","volume":"9","author":"SN Rai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rai SN et al (2017) Mucuna pruriens protects against MPTP intoxicated neuroinflammation in Parkinson\u2019s disease through NF-\u03baB\/pAKT signaling pathways. Front Aging Neurosci 9:421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00421","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"3_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3109\/10799893.2016.1171342","volume":"37","author":"M Ramalingam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ramalingam M, Kim S-J (2017) Protective effects of activated signaling pathways by insulin on C6 glial cell model of MPP+-induced Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Recept Signal Transduct 37:100\u2013107","journal-title":"J Recept Signal Transduct"},{"key":"3_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rane SG (1999) Ion channels as physiological effectors for growth factor receptor and Ras\/ERK signaling pathways. Adv Second Messenger Phosphoprotein Res:107\u2013130","DOI":"10.1016\/S1040-7952(99)80007-X"},{"key":"3_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-009-0057-8","volume":"66","author":"DE Read","year":"2009","unstructured":"Read DE, Gorman AM (2009) Involvement of Akt in neurite outgrowth. Cell Mol Life Sci 66:2975\u20132984","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"3_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2006.1894","volume":"361","author":"LF Reichardt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Reichardt LF (2006) Neurotrophin-regulated signalling pathways. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 361:1545\u20131564","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"3_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8881","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.19.8881","volume":"92","author":"AA Reszka","year":"1995","unstructured":"Reszka AA, Seger R, Diltz CD, Krebs EG, Fischer EH (1995) Association of mitogen-activated protein kinase with the microtubule cytoskeleton. Proc Natl Acad Sci 92:8881\u20138885","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"3_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/43474","volume":"401","author":"JA Romashkova","year":"1999","unstructured":"Romashkova JA, Makarov SS (1999) NF-\u03baB is a target of AKT in anti-apoptotic PDGF signalling. Nature 401:86\u201390","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-9-84","volume":"9","author":"WM Roon-Mom van","year":"2008","unstructured":"van Roon-Mom WM, Pepers BA, AC't Hoen P, Verwijmeren CA, den Dunnen JT, Dorsman JC, van Ommen GB (2008) Mutant huntingtin activates Nrf2-responsive genes and impairs dopamine synthesis in a PC12 model of Huntington\u2019s disease. BMC Mol Biol 9:84","journal-title":"BMC Mol Biol"},{"key":"3_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R17","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu204","volume":"23","author":"CA Ross","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ross CA, Akimov SS (2014) Human-induced pluripotent stem cells: potential for neurodegenerative diseases. Hum Mol Genet 23:R17\u2013R26","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"3_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35282","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110785200","volume":"277","author":"C Russo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Russo C, Dolcini V, Salis S, Venezia V, Zambrano N, Russo T, Schettini G (2002) Signal transduction through tyrosine-phosphorylated C-terminal fragments of amyloid precursor protein via an enhanced interaction with Shc\/Grb2 adaptor proteins in reactive astrocytes of Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain. J Biol Chem 277:35282\u201335288","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saba J, Turati J, Ram\u00edrez D, Carniglia L, Durand D, Lasaga M, Caruso C (2018) Astrocyte truncated\u2010TrkB mediates BDNF antiapoptotic effect leading to neuroprotection. J Neurochem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.14476","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14476"},{"key":"3_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00114-8","volume":"103","author":"J Schlessinger","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schlessinger J (2000) Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases. Cell 103:211\u2013225","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"3_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408418","volume":"122","author":"DT Shaughnessy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shaughnessy DT, McAllister K, Worth L, Haugen AC, Meyer JN, Domann FE, van Houten B, Mostoslavsky R, Bultman SJ, Baccarelli AA, Begley TJ, Sobol RW, Hirschey MD, Ideker T, Santos JH, Copeland WC, Tice RR, Balshaw DM, Tyson FL (2014) Mitochondria, energetics, epigenetics, and cellular responses to stress. Environ Health Perspect 122:1271\u20131278","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"3_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheikh S, Haque E, Mir SS (2013) Neurodegenerative diseases: multifactorial conformational diseases and their therapeutic interventions. J Neurodegener Dis 2013","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/563481"},{"key":"3_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.02.020","volume":"38","author":"S Shin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shin S, Dimitri CA, Yoon S-O, Dowdle W, Blenis J (2010) ERK2 but not ERK1 induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation via DEF motif-dependent signaling events. Mol Cell 38:114\u2013127","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"3_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.36.040196.000503","volume":"36","author":"N Simonian","year":"1996","unstructured":"Simonian N, Coyle J (1996) Oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 36:83\u2013106","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"3_CR136","first-page":"57","volume":"3","author":"A Slater","year":"1996","unstructured":"Slater A, Stefan C, Nobel I, Orrenius S (1996) Intracellular redox changes during apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 3:57\u201362","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"3_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2005.tb00337.x","volume":"9","author":"G Song","year":"2005","unstructured":"Song G, Ouyang G, Bao S (2005) The activation of Akt\/PKB signaling pathway and cell survival. J Cell Mol Med 9:59\u201371","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"3_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4010","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M104479200","volume":"277","author":"M Stanciu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stanciu M, DeFranco DB (2002) Prolonged nuclear retention of activated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase promotes cell death generated by oxidative toxicity or proteasome inhibition in a neuronal cell line. J Biol Chem 277:4010\u20134017","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12200","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.16.12200","volume":"275","author":"M Stanciu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stanciu M, Wang Y, Kentor R, Burke N, Watkins S, Kress G, Reynolds I, Klann E, Angiolieri MR, Johnson JW, DeFranco DB (2000) Persistent activation of ERK contributes to glutamate-induced oxidative toxicity in a neuronal cell line and primary cortical neuron cultures. J Biol Chem 275:12200\u201312206","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5351.710","volume":"279","author":"L Stephens","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stephens L, Anderson K, Stokoe D, Erdjument-Bromage H, Painter GF, Holmes AB, Gaffney PRJ, Reese CB, McCormick F, Tempst P, Coadwell J, Hawkins PT (1998) Protein kinase B kinases that mediate phosphatidylinositol 3, 4, 5-trisphosphate-dependent activation of protein kinase B. Science 279:710\u2013714","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1038\/334715a0","volume":"334","author":"TW Sturgill","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sturgill TW, Ray LB, Erikson E, Maller JL (1988) Insulin-stimulated MAP-2 kinase phosphorylates and activates ribosomal protein S6 kinase II. Nature 334:715\u2013718","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5683","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-2283","volume":"65","author":"L-M Sturla","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sturla L-M, Cowan CW, Guenther L, Castellino RC, Kim JY, Pomeroy SL (2005) A novel role for extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 and myocyte enhancer factor 2 in medulloblastoma cell death. Cancer Res 65:5683\u20135689","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"3_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.12.013","volume":"138","author":"S Subramaniam","year":"2006","unstructured":"Subramaniam S, Unsicker K (2006) Extracellular signal-regulated kinase as an inducer of non-apoptotic neuronal death. Neuroscience 138:1055\u20131065","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"3_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2009.07367.x","volume":"277","author":"S Subramaniam","year":"2010","unstructured":"Subramaniam S, Unsicker K (2010) ERK and cell death: ERK1\/2 in neuronal death. FEBS J 277:22\u201329","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"3_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4506","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-12-04506.2000","volume":"20","author":"T Sugino","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sugino T, Nozaki K, Takagi Y, Hattori I, Hashimoto N, Moriguchi T, Nishida E (2000) Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases after transient forebrain ischemia in gerbil hippocampus. J Neurosci 20:4506\u20134514","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4684","volume":"238","author":"GS Tejeda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tejeda GS, Ayuso-Dolado S, Arbeteta R, Esteban-Ortega GM, Vidaurre OG, D\u00edaz-Guerra M (2016) Brain ischaemia induces shedding of a BDNF-scavenger ectodomain from TrkB receptors by excitotoxicity activation of metalloproteinases and \u03b3-secretases. J Pathol 238:627\u2013640","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"3_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002130","volume":"3","author":"M Tsirigotis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tsirigotis M, Baldwin RM, Tang MY, Lorimer IA, Gray DA (2008) Activation of p38MAPK contributes to expanded polyglutamine-induced cytotoxicity. PloS one 3:e2130","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"3_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.146.5.955","volume":"146","author":"A Vaillant","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vaillant A, Mazzoni I, Tudan C, Boudreau M, Kaplan D, Miller F (1999) Depolarization and neurotrophins converge on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\u2013Akt pathway to synergistically regulate neuronal survival. J Cell Biol 146:955\u2013966","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"3_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3460561","volume":"346","author":"B Vanhaesebroeck","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vanhaesebroeck B, Alessi DR (2000) The PI3K\u2013PDK1 connection: more than just a road to PKB. Biochem J 346(Pt 3):561\u2013576","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"3_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13574","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4099-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"MR Vargas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vargas MR, Johnson DA, Sirkis DW, Messing A, Johnson JA (2008) Nrf2 activation in astrocytes protects against neurodegeneration in mouse models of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurosci 28:13574\u201313581","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e256","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2011.143","volume":"3","author":"\u00d3G Vidaurre","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vidaurre \u00d3G et al (2013) Imbalance of neurotrophin receptor isoforms TrkB-FL\/TrkB-T1 induces neuronal death in excitotoxicity. Cell Death Dis 3:e256","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"3_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1994","volume":"11","author":"A Kriegsheim Von","year":"2009","unstructured":"Von Kriegsheim A et al (2009) Cell fate decisions are specified by the dynamic ERK interactome. Nat Cell Biol 11:1458\u20131464","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"3_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20433","volume":"80","author":"RM Wang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wang RM, Zhang QG, Li CH, Zhang GY (2005) Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 may play a neuroprotective role in hippocampal CA3\/DG region after cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci Res 80:391\u2013399","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"3_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2010.05.058","volume":"164","author":"J Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang J, Zhang M, Zhang L, Cai H, Zhou S, Zhang J, Wang Y (2010) Correlation of Nrf2, HO-1, and MRP3 in gallbladder cancer and their relationships to clinicopathologic features and survival. J Surg Res 164:e99\u2013e105","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"3_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-011-9292-5","volume":"21","author":"H-Q Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang H-Q, Xu Y-X, Zhu C-Q (2012) Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 by acteoside through ERK and PI3 K\/Akt pathway confer neuroprotection against beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. Neurotox Res 21:368\u2013378","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"key":"3_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2018.05.019","volume":"140","author":"T Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang T et al (2018) \u03b1-Lipoic acid attenuates oxidative stress and neurotoxicity via the ERK\/Akt-dependent pathway in the mutant hSOD1 related Drosophila model and the NSC34 cell line of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain Res Bull 140:299\u2013310","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"3_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.8.1909","volume":"16","author":"AJ Waskiewicz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Waskiewicz AJ, Flynn A, Proud CG, Cooper JA (1997) Mitogen-activated protein kinases activate the serine\/threonine kinases Mnk1 and Mnk2. EMBO J 16:1909\u20131920","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"3_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1498","volume":"5","author":"C Wellbrock","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wellbrock C, Karasarides M, Marais R (2004) The RAF proteins take centre stage. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 5:875\u2013885","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"3_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6401","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-15-06401.2002","volume":"22","author":"A Wick","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wick A, Wick W, Waltenberger J, Weller M, Dichgans J, Schulz JB (2002) Neuroprotection by hypoxic preconditioning requires sequential activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and Akt. J Neurosci 22:6401\u20136407","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1177\/1947601911407328","volume":"2","author":"I Wortzel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wortzel I, Seger R (2011) The ERK cascade: distinct functions within various subcellular organelles. Genes Cancer 2:195\u2013209","journal-title":"Genes Cancer"},{"key":"3_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(03)00163-9","volume":"24","author":"MP Wymann","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wymann MP, Zvelebil M, Laffargue M (2003) Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling\u2013which way to target? Trends Pharmacol Sci 24:366\u2013376","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"3_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5240.1326","volume":"270","author":"Z Xia","year":"1995","unstructured":"Xia Z, Dickens M, Raingeaud J, Davis RJ, Greenberg ME (1995) Opposing effects of ERK and JNK-p38 MAP kinases on apoptosis. Science 270:1326\u20131331","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10433","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.181182298","volume":"98","author":"XG Xia","year":"2001","unstructured":"Xia XG, Harding T, Weller M, Bieneman A, Uney JB, Schulz JB (2001) Gene transfer of the JNK interacting protein-1 protects dopaminergic neurons in the MPTP model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci 98:10433\u201310438","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"3_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu X, Zhang A, Zhu Y, He W, Di W, Fang Y, and Shi X (2019) MFG\u2010E8 reverses microglial\u2010induced neurotoxic astrocyte (A1) via NF\u2010\u03baB and PI3K\u2010Akt pathways.\u00a0J Cell Physiol 234(1):904\u2013914","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26918"},{"key":"3_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7701324","volume":"267","author":"R Yao","year":"1995","unstructured":"Yao R, Cooper GM (1995) Requirement for phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase in the prevention of apoptosis by nerve growth factor. Science 267:2003\u20132006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050500284218","volume":"24","author":"S Yoon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yoon S, Seger R (2006) The extracellular signal-regulated kinase: multiple substrates regulate diverse cellular functions. Growth Factors 24:21\u201344","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"3_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8854","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.A117.910060","volume":"292","author":"Y Yung","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yung Y, Yao Z, Hanoch T, Seger R (2017) ERK1b, a 46-kDa ERK isoform that is differentially regulated by MEK. J Biol Chem 292:8854","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23933","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(20)80474-8","volume":"268","author":"C-F Zheng","year":"1993","unstructured":"Zheng C-F, Guan K-L (1993) Properties of MEKs, the kinases that phosphorylate and activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinases. J Biol Chem 268:23933\u201323939","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64487-2","volume":"161","author":"J-H Zhu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhu J-H, Kulich SM, Oury TD, Chu CT (2002a) Cytoplasmic aggregates of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases in Lewy body diseases. Am J Pathol 161:2087\u20132098","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"3_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1159\/000067426","volume":"11","author":"X Zhu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhu X, Lee H-g, Raina AK, Perry G, Smith MA (2002b) The role of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurosignals 11:270\u2013281","journal-title":"Neurosignals"},{"key":"3_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.060524","volume":"170","author":"J-h Zhu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhu J-h, Horbinski C, Guo F, Watkins S, Uchiyama Y, Chu CT (2007) Regulation of autophagy by extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases during 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced cell death. Am J Pathol 170:75\u201386","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"3_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5445.1741","volume":"286","author":"S Zimmermann","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zimmermann S, Moelling K (1999) Phosphorylation and regulation of Raf by Akt (protein kinase B). Science 286:1741\u20131744","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Neurotoxicity Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12640-019-0003-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12640-019-0003-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12640-019-0003-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]],"date-time":"2024-07-14T13:29:23Z","timestamp":1720963763000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12640-019-0003-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]]},"references-count":172,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["3"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12640-019-0003-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1029-8428","1476-3524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1029-8428","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-3524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 December 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 February 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}