{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T16:50:42Z","timestamp":1758991842409,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575244800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurotox Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigated the influence of sildenafil and methylene blue (MB), two modulators of the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine-3\u2032,5\u2032-monophosphate (cGMP) pathway on amnesic effects of two benzodiazepines (BZs) (diazepam (DZ) and flunitrazepam (FNZ)), in rodents\u2014mice and rats. In the modified elevated plus maze (mEPM) and novel object recognition (NOR) tests, MB given ip at a dose of 5\u00a0mg\/kg 5\u00a0min prior to DZ administration (0.25 or 1\u00a0mg\/kg, sc) enhanced\/induced memory impairment caused by DZ. When MB (2.5, 5, and 10\u00a0mg\/kg) was applied 5\u00a0min prior to FNZ administration (0.05 and 0.1\u00a0mg\/kg), an effect was opposite and memory impairment induced by FNZ was reduced. When sildenafil (2.5 and 5\u00a0mg\/kg, ip) was applied 5\u00a0min prior to DZ, we observed a reduction of DZ-induced memory deficiency in the mEPM test. A similar effect of sildenafil was shown in the NOR test when the drug was applied at doses of 1.25, 2.5, and 5\u00a0mg\/kg prior to DZ. In the mEPM test, sildenafil at abovementioned doses had no effects on FNZ-induced memory impairment. In turns, sildenafil administered at doses of 2.5 and 5\u00a0mg\/kg increased the effect of FNZ on memory impairment in the NOR test. In conclusion, the NO-cGMP pathway is involved differentially into BZs-induced spatial and recognition memory impairments assessed using the NOR and mEPM tests. Modulators of the NO-cGMP pathway affect animal behavior in these tests in a different way depending on what benzodiazepine is applied.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-019-00110-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T11:42:29Z","timestamp":1575286949000},"page":"1036-1046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Modification of NO-cGMP Pathway Differentially Affects Diazepam- and Flunitrazepam-Induced Spatial and Recognition Memory Impairments in Rodents"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6132-6934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolanta","family":"Orzelska-G\u00f3rka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Bernat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Tutka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Listos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"K\u0119dzierska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylwia","family":"Fidecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylwia","family":"Talarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"110_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-011-0430-z","volume":"13","author":"M Antunes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Antunes M, Biala G (2012) The novel object recognition memory: neurobiology, test procedure, and its modifications. Cogn Process 13(2):93\u2013110","journal-title":"Cogn Process"},{"issue":"3","key":"110_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2009.09.015","volume":"333","author":"W Ben-Cherif","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ben-Cherif W, Gharbi R, Sebai H, Dridi D, Boughattas NA, Ben-Attia M (2010) Neuropharmacological screening of two 1,5-benzodiazepine compounds in mice. C R Biol 333(3):214\u2013219","journal-title":"C R Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"110_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2006.04.001","volume":"54","author":"V Bertaina-Anglade","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bertaina-Anglade V, Enjuanes E, Morillon D, Drieu la Rochelle C (2006) The object recognition task in rats and mice: a simple and rapid model in safety pharmacology to detect amnesic properties of a new chemical entity. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 54(2):99\u2013105","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"110_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612023396654","volume":"8","author":"SE Buffett-Jerrott","year":"2002","unstructured":"Buffett-Jerrott SE, Stewart SH (2002) Cognitive and sedative effects of benzodiazepine use. Curr Pharm Des 8(1):45\u201358","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"110_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1394-2","volume":"202","author":"S Deiana","year":"2009","unstructured":"Deiana S, Harnington CR, Wischik CM, Riedel G (2009) Methylthioninum chloride reverses cognitive deficits induced by scopolamine: comparison with rivastigmine. Psychopharmacology 202:53\u201365","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"110_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(94)00403-6","volume":"51","author":"SI Deutsch","year":"1995","unstructured":"Deutsch SI, Rosse BR, Morn C, Koetzner L, Mastropaolo J (1995) Interference with nitric oxide production and action potentiates the antiseizure efficacy of flurazepam. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 51:133\u2013137","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"110_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0232-z","volume":"183","author":"BD Devan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Devan BD, Bowker JL, Duffy KB, Bharati IS, Jimenez M, Sierra-Mercado D Jr, Nelson CM, Spangler EL, Ingram DK (2006) Phosphodiesterase inhibition by sildenafil citreate attenuates a maze learning impairment in rats induced by nitric oxide synthase inhibition. Psychopharmacology 183:439\u2013445","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"110_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.02.008","volume":"31","author":"A Dhir","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dhir A, Kulkarni SK (2007) Involvement of L-arginine-nitric-oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway in the antidepressant-like effect of venlafaxine in mice. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 31:921\u2013925","journal-title":"Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"110_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300437","volume":"29","author":"GS Elfline","year":"2004","unstructured":"Elfline GS, Branda EM, Babich M, Quock RM (2004) Antagonism by NOS inhibition of the behavioural effects of benzodiazepine and GABAA receptor agonists in the mouse elevated plus-maze. Neuropsychopharmacology 29:1419\u20131425","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"110_CR10","unstructured":"EMCDDA (2018) The misuse of benzodiazepines among high-risk opioid users in Europe (perspectives on drugs) Lisbon, June 2018, 2\u201310. http:\/\/www.emcdda.europa.eu\/publications\/pods\/benzodiazepines. Accessed 2 July 2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"110_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(88)90157-X","volume":"31","author":"A Ennaceur","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ennaceur A, Delacour J (1988) A new one-trial test for neurobiological studies of memory in rats. 1: behavioural data. Behav Brain Res 31(1):47\u201359","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"110_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000082524.34487.31","volume":"93","author":"A Friebe","year":"2003","unstructured":"Friebe A, Koesling D (2003) Regulation of nitric oxide-sensitive guanylyl cyclase. Circ Res 93(2):96\u2013105","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"110_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.06.061","volume":"617","author":"T Gholipour","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gholipour T, Rasouli A, Jabbarzadeh A, Nezami BG, Riazi K, Sharifzadeh M, Dehpour AR (2009) The interaction of sildenafil with anticonvulsant effect of diazepam. Eur J Pharmacol 617:79\u201383","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"110_CR14","first-page":"214","volume":"13","author":"CE Griffin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Griffin CE, Kaye AM, Rivera Bueno F, Kaye AD (2013) Benzodiazepine pharmacology and central nervous system-mediated effects. Ochsner J 13(2):214\u2013223","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"key":"110_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(02)00028-1","volume":"133","author":"Z Hlinak","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hlinak Z, Krejci I (2002) Oxiracetam prevented the scopolamine but not the diazepam induced memory deficits in mice. Behav Brain Res 133:395\u2013399","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"110_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02253713","volume":"101","author":"J Itoh","year":"1990","unstructured":"Itoh J, Nabeshima T, Kameyama T (1990) Utility of an elevated plus-maze for the evaluation of memory in mice: effects of nootropics, scopolamine and electroconvulsive shock. Psychopharmacology 101(1):27\u201333","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"110_CR17","volume-title":"Katzung & Trevor\u2019s pharmacology: examination & board review","author":"BG Katzung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Katzung BG, Kruidering-Hall M, Trevor AJ (2019) Sedative-hypnotic drugs. In: Katzung & Trevor\u2019s pharmacology: examination & board review, 12e edn. McGraw-Hill Education, New York, NY http:\/\/accessmedicine.mhmedical.com\/content.aspx?bookid=2465&sectionid=197944007. Accessed June 28, 2019","edition":"12e"},{"key":"110_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.69.1","volume":"69","author":"K Kuriyama","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kuriyama K, Ohkuma S (1995) Role of nitric oxide in central synaptic transmission: effects on neurotransmitter release. Jpn J Pharmacol 69:1\u20138","journal-title":"Jpn J Pharmacol"},{"key":"110_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.10.007","volume":"338","author":"M Marszalek-Grabska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marszalek-Grabska M, Gibula-Bruzda E, Bodzon-Kulakowska A, Suder P, Gawel K, Talarek S, Listos J, Kedzierska E, Danysz W, Kotlinska JH (2018) ADX-47273, a mGlu5 receptor positive allosteric modulator, attenuates deficits in cognitive flexibility induced by withdrawal from \u2018binge-like\u2019 ethanol exposure in rats. Behav Brain Res 338:9\u201316","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"110_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5451.248","volume":"287","author":"JL McGaugh","year":"2000","unstructured":"McGaugh JL (2000) Memory \u2013 a century of consolidation. Science 287:248\u2013251","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"110_CR21","first-page":"139","volume":"23","author":"J Orzelska","year":"2008","unstructured":"Orzelska J, Talarek S (2008) The current approach to the central effects of sildenafil \u2013 role of nitric oxide: cGMP pathway. Ann UMCS Lublin, Sectio DDD 23:139\u2013147","journal-title":"Ann UMCS Lublin, Sectio DDD"},{"key":"110_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.01.038","volume":"244","author":"J Orzelska","year":"2013","unstructured":"Orzelska J, Talarek S, Listos J, Fidecka S (2013) Effects of NOS inhibitors on the benzodiazepines-induced memory impairment of mice in the modified elevated plus-maze task. Behav Brain Res 244:100\u2013106","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"110_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.02.014","volume":"284","author":"J Orzelska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Orzelska J, Talarek S, Listos J, Fidecka S (2015) Divergent effects of L-arginine-NO pathway modulators on diazepam and flunitrazepam responses in NOR task performance. Behav Brain Res 284:179\u2013186","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"110_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2016.03.012","volume":"68","author":"J Orzelska-Gorka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Orzelska-Gorka J, Talarek S, Listos J, Kedzierska E, Fidecka S (2016) l-NAME differential effects on diazepam and flunitrazepam responses of rats in the object recognition test. Pharmacol Rep 68(4):728\u2013732","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"110_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/med.20177","volume":"31","author":"M Oz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oz M, Lorke DE, Hasan M, Petroianu GA (2011) Cellular and molecular actions of methylene blue in the nervous system. Med Res Rev 31(1):93\u2013117","journal-title":"Med Res Rev"},{"key":"110_CR26","first-page":"400","volume":"47","author":"V Paul","year":"2003","unstructured":"Paul V, Ekambaram P (2003) Effect of 7-nitroindazole alone and in combination with phenobarbitone and diazepam on picrotoxin-induced convulsions in rats. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 47:400\u2013406","journal-title":"Indian J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"110_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.06.008","volume":"285","author":"N Pitsikas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pitsikas N (2015) The role of nitric oxide in the object recognition memory. Behav Brain Res 285:200\u2013207","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"110_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1515\/cipms-2016-0004","volume":"29","author":"M Polakowska","year":"2016","unstructured":"Polakowska M, Orzelska-G\u00f3rka J, Talarek S (2016) Drugs modulating the L-arginine:NO:cGMP pathway - current use in therapy. Curr Issues Pharm Med Sci 29:14\u201321","journal-title":"Curr Issues Pharm Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"110_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-007-1049-8","volume":"200","author":"S Prabhakar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Prabhakar S, Saraf MK, Pandhi P, Anand A (2008) Bacopa monniera exerts antiamnesic effect on diazepam-induced anterograde amnesia in mice. Psychopharmacology 200(1):27\u201337","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"110_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(00)00044-7","volume":"64","author":"H Prast","year":"2001","unstructured":"Prast H, Philippu A (2001) Nitric oxide as modulator of neuronal function. Prog Neurobiol 64(1):51\u201368","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"110_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-1967-7","volume":"177","author":"J Prickaerts","year":"2005","unstructured":"Prickaerts J, Sik A, Van Der Staay FJ, de Vente J, Blokland A (2005) Dissociable effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors on object recognition memory: acquisition versus consolidation. Psychopharmacology 177:381\u2013390","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"110_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S2447","volume":"4","author":"D Puzzo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Puzzo D, Sapienza S, Arancio O, Palmeri A (2008) Role of phosphodiesterase 5 in synaptic plasticity and memory. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 4:371\u2013387","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"110_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2012.02.008","volume":"97","author":"OAH Reneerkens","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reneerkens OAH, Rutten K, Akkerman S, Blokland A, Shaffer CL, Menniti FS, Steinbusch HWM, Prickaerts J (2012) Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibition improves object recognition memory: indications for central and peripheral mechanisms. Neurobiol Learn Mem 97:370\u2013379","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"110_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.02.001","volume":"511","author":"PD Riha","year":"2005","unstructured":"Riha PD, Bruchey AK, Echevarria DJ, Gonzalez-Lima F (2005) Memory facilation by methylene blue: dose-dependent effect on behaviour and brain oxygen consuption. Eur J Pharmacol 511:151\u2013158","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"110_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(97)00402-4","volume":"45","author":"G Segovia","year":"1998","unstructured":"Segovia G, Mora F (1998) Role of nitric oxide in modulating the release of dopamine, glutamate, and GABA in striatum of the freely moving rat. Brain Res Bull 45:275\u2013279","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"issue":"2","key":"110_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2012.07.005","volume":"98","author":"F Shen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shen F, Li YJ, Shou XJ, Cui CL (2012) Role of the NO\/sGC\/PKG signaling pathway of hippocampal CA1 in morphine-induced reward memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem 98(2):130\u2013138","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"issue":"3","key":"110_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(97)00060-9","volume":"54","author":"T Steckler","year":"1998","unstructured":"Steckler T, Drinkenburg WH, Sahgal A, Aggleton JP (1998) Recognition memory in rats I. Concepts and classification. Prog Neurobiol 54(3):289\u2013311","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"110_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5893","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5938-10.2011","volume":"31","author":"E Szabadits","year":"2011","unstructured":"Szabadits E, Cser\u00e9p C, Szonyi A, Fukazawa Y, Shigemoto R et al (2011) NMDA receptors in hippocampal GABAergic synapses and their role in nitric oxide signaling. J Neurosci 31(16):5893\u20135904","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"110_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0302-2","volume":"185","author":"P Tahsili-Fahadan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tahsili-Fahadan P, Yahyavi-Firouz-Abadi N, Orandi AH, Esmaeili B, Basseda Z, Dehpour AR (2006) Rewarding properties of sildenafil citrate in mice: role of the nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway. Psychopharmacology 185:201\u2013207","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"110_CR40","first-page":"27","volume":"54","author":"S Talarek","year":"2002","unstructured":"Talarek S, Fidecka S (2002) Role of nitric oxide in benzodiazepines-induced antinociception in mice. Pol J Pharmacol 54(1):27\u201334","journal-title":"Pol J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"110_CR41","first-page":"181","volume":"55","author":"S Talarek","year":"2003","unstructured":"Talarek S, Fidecka S (2003) Role of nitric oxide in anticonvulsant effects of benzodiazepines in mice. Pol J Pharmacol 55(2):181\u2013191","journal-title":"Pol J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"110_CR42","first-page":"719","volume":"56","author":"S Talarek","year":"2004","unstructured":"Talarek S, Fidecka S (2004) Involvement of nitricoxidergic system in the hypnotic effects of benzodiazepines in mice. Pol J Pharmacol 56(6):719\u2013726","journal-title":"Pol J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"110_CR43","first-page":"475","volume":"60","author":"S Talarek","year":"2008","unstructured":"Talarek S, Listos J, Fidecka S (2008) Role of nitric oxide in the development of tolerance to diazepam-induced motor impairment in mice. Pharmacol Rep 60(4):475\u2013482","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"110_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(10)70320-0","volume":"62","author":"S Talarek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Talarek S, Orzelska J, Listos J, Fidecka S (2010) Effects of sildenafil treatment on the development of tolerance to diazepam-induced motor impairment and sedation in mice. Pharmacol Rep 62(4):627\u2013634","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"110_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020200037","volume":"109","author":"P Tutka","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tutka P, \u0141uszczki J, Kleinrok Z, Arent K, Wielosz M (2002) Molsidomine enhances the protective activity of valproate against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice. J Neural Transm 109:455\u2013466","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"110_CR46","first-page":"259","volume":"59","author":"P Tutka","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tutka P, Barczy\u0144ski B, Arent K, Mosiewicz J, Mr\u00f3z T, Wielosz M (2007) Different effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on convulsions induced by nicotine in mice. Pharmacol Rep 59:259\u2013267","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"110_CR47","first-page":"471","volume":"133","author":"P Vanaja","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vanaja P, Ekambaram P (2011) Involvement of nitric oxide in learning & memory processes. Indian J Med Res 133(5):471\u2013478","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"110_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2009.10.007","volume":"90","author":"SR Vincent","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vincent SR (2010) Nitric oxide neurons and neurotransmission. Prog Neurobiol 90(2):246\u2013255","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"110_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-03333-3_5","volume-title":"Drug discovery and evaluation. Pharmacological assays","author":"HG Vogel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Vogel HG, Vogel WH (1997) Psychotropic and neurotropic activity. In: Vogel HG, Vogel WH (eds) Drug discovery and evaluation. Pharmacological assays. Spinger-Vergal, Berlin, pp 204\u2013213"},{"key":"110_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2007.05.019","volume":"87","author":"F Yildiz Akar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yildiz Akar F, Ulak G, Tanyeri P, Erden F, Utkan T, Gacar N (2007) 7-Nitroindazole, a neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, impairs passive-avoidance and elevated plus-maze memory performance in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 87:434\u2013443","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"}],"container-title":["Neurotoxicity Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12640-019-00110-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12640-019-00110-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12640-019-00110-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T19:42:56Z","timestamp":1606765376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12640-019-00110-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12640-019-00110-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1029-8428","1476-3524"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1029-8428"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1476-3524"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 July 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 September 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All behavioral experiments were carried out according to the European Community Council Directive for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (2010\/63\/EU) and approved by the Local Ethics Committee (37\/2010).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}}]}}