{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T19:57:08Z","timestamp":1791575828388,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571961600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015\/24808-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/24808-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2011\/23236-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011\/23236-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurotox Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-019-00111-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T19:46:58Z","timestamp":1572032818000},"page":"227-237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Synthetic Snake-Venom-Based Tripeptide Protects PC12 Cells from the Neurotoxicity of Acrolein by Improving Axonal Plasticity and Bioenergetics"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Carolina P.","family":"Bernardes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neife A. G.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tassia R.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Sisti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilian","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danilo L.","family":"Menaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin K.","family":"Amstalden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego L.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lus\u00e2nia M.G.","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suely Vilela","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9016-2027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio C.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"111_CR1","first-page":"48","volume":"3","author":"PM Abdul Muneer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abdul Muneer PM, Alikunju S, Szlachetka AM, Mercer AJ, Haorah J (2011) Ethanol impairs glucose uptake by human astrocytes and neurons: protective effects of acetyl-L-carnitine. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 3:48\u201356","journal-title":"Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"111_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(64)90223-5","volume":"90","author":"PU Angeletti","year":"1964","unstructured":"Angeletti PU, Liuzzi A, Levi-Montalcini R, Gandiniattardi D (1964) Effect of a nerve growth factor on glucose metabolism by sympathetic and sensory nerve cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 90:445\u2013450","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"111_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2018.04.012","volume":"104","author":"CP Bernardes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bernardes CP, Santos NG, Sisti FM, Ferreira RS, Santos-Filho NA, Cintra ACO, Cilli EM, Sampaio SV, Santos AC (2018) A synthetic snake-venom-based tripeptide (Glu-Val-Trp) protects PC12 cells from MPP(+) toxicity by activating the NGF-signaling pathway. Peptides 104:24\u201334","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"8","key":"111_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18081627","volume":"18","author":"Sara Anna Bonini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bonini SA, Mastinu A, Ferrari-Toninelli G, Memo M (2017) Potential role of microtubule stabilizing agents in neurodevelopmental disorders. Int J Mol Sci 18","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"111_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","volume":"72","author":"Marion M. Bradford","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248\u201354","journal-title":"Analytical Biochemistry"},{"key":"111_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2010.02.016","volume":"48","author":"MA Bradley","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bradley MA, Markesbery WR, Lovell MA (2010) Increased levels of 4-hydroxynonenal and acrolein in the brain in preclinical Alzheimer disease. Free Radic Biol Med 48:1570\u20131576","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"111_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14011","volume":"143","author":"R Brandt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brandt R, Bakota L (2017) Microtubule dynamics and the neurodegenerative triad of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: the hidden connection. J Neurochem 143:409\u2013417","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"111_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0720751.x","volume":"72","author":"NY Calingasan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Calingasan NY, Uchida K, Gibson GE (1999) Protein-bound acrolein: a novel marker of oxidative stress in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neurochem 72:751\u2013756","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"111_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.21290","volume":"73","author":"S Chakraborti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chakraborti S, Natarajan K, Curiel J, Janke C, Liu J (2016) The emerging role of the tubulin code: from the tubulin molecule to neuronal function and disease. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 73:521\u2013550","journal-title":"Cytoskeleton (Hoboken)"},{"key":"111_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2006.05.004","volume":"13","author":"V Chauhan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chauhan V, Chauhan A (2006) Oxidative stress in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Pathophysiology 13:195\u2013208","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"key":"111_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-013-1423-y","volume":"30","author":"Z Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen Z, Zhong C (2014) Oxidative stress in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurosci Bull 30:271\u2013281","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"111_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cirmi S, Ferlazzo N, Lombardo GE, Ventura-Spagnolo E, Gangemi S, Calapai G, Navarra M (2016) Neurodegenerative diseases: might citrus flavonoids play a protective role? Molecules 21","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21101312"},{"key":"111_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2018.05.005","volume":"404-405","author":"TR Costa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Costa TR, Amstalden MK, Ribeiro DL, Menaldo DL, Sartim MA, Aissa AF, Antunes LMG, Sampaio SV (2018) CR-LAAO causes genotoxic damage in HepG2 tumor cells by oxidative stress. Toxicology 404-405:42\u201348","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"111_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2004.02.006","volume":"26","author":"KP Das","year":"2004","unstructured":"Das KP, Freudenrich TM, Mundy WR (2004) Assessment of PC12 cell differentiation and neurite growth: a comparison of morphological and neurochemical measures. Neurotoxicol Teratol 26:397\u2013406","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"111_CR15","first-page":"934","volume":"147","author":"SM De La Monte","year":"1995","unstructured":"De La Monte SM, Ng SC, Hsu DW (1995) Aberrant GAP-43 gene expression in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Pathol 147:934\u2013946","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"111_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1590\/S1980-57642009DN30300003","volume":"3","author":"VDJR De Paula","year":"2009","unstructured":"De Paula VDJR, Guimar\u00e3es FM, Diniz BS, Forlenza OV (2009) Neurobiological pathways to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: amyloid-beta, TAU protein or both? Dement neuropsychol 3:188\u2013194","journal-title":"Dement neuropsychol"},{"key":"111_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00343","volume":"9","author":"J Dubey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dubey J, Ratnakaran N, Koushika SP (2015) Neurodegeneration and microtubule dynamics: death by a thousand cuts. Front Cell Neurosci 9:343\u2013343","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"111_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20160727","volume":"131","author":"J Duncombe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Duncombe J, Kitamura A, Hase Y, Ihara M, Kalaria RN, Horsburgh K (2017) Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: a key mechanism leading to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Closing the translational gap between rodent models and human vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Clin Sci (Lond) 131:2451\u20132468","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"111_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s10616-011-9352-y","volume":"64","author":"A E L Omri","year":"2012","unstructured":"E L Omri A, Han J, Ben Abdrabbah M, Isoda H (2012) Down regulation effect of Rosmarinus officinalis polyphenols on cellular stress proteins in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Cytotechnology 64:231\u2013240","journal-title":"Cytotechnology"},{"key":"111_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2019.01.005","volume":"178","author":"E Ferri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ferri E, Gussago C, Casati M, Mari D, Rossi PD, Ciccone S, Cesari M, Arosio B (2019) Apolipoprotein E gene in physiological and pathological aging. Mech Ageing Dev 178:41\u201345","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"111_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.03.059","volume":"1456","author":"PC Garcia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Garcia PC, Real CC, Ferreira AFB, Alouche SR, Britto LRG, Pires RS (2012) Different protocols of physical exercise produce different effects on synaptic and structural proteins in motor areas of the rat brain. Brain Res 1456:36\u201348","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"111_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10525","volume":"71","author":"A G\u00f3mez-Ramos","year":"2003","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Ramos A, D\u00edaz-Nido J, Smith MA, Perry G, Avila J (2003) Effect of the lipid peroxidation product acrolein on tau phosphorylation in neural cells. J Neurosci Res 71:863\u2013870","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"111_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greene LA, Tischler AS (1982) PC12 Pheochromocytoma cultures in neurobiological research. In: Fedoroff S, Hertz L (eds) Advances in cellular neurobiology. Elsevier","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-008303-9.50016-5"},{"key":"111_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12446","volume":"15","author":"X Han","year":"2016","unstructured":"Han X, Tai H, Wang X, Wang Z, Zhou J, Wei X, Ding Y, Gong H, Mo C, Zhang J, Qin J, Ma Y, Huang N, Xiang R, Xiao H (2016) AMPK activation protects cells from oxidative stress-induced senescence via autophagic flux restoration and intracellular NAD(+) elevation. Aging Cell 15:416\u2013427","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"111_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.3109\/01480549509014326","volume":"18","author":"Y He","year":"1995","unstructured":"He Y, Nagano M, Yamamoto H, Miyamoto E, Futatsuka M (1995) Modifications of neurofilament proteins by possible metabolites of allyl chloride in vitro. Drug Chem Toxicol 18:315\u2013331","journal-title":"Drug Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"111_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2012.12.023","volume":"217","author":"YJ Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang YJ, Jin MH, Pi RB, Zhang JJ, Ouyang Y, Chao XJ, Chen MH, Liu PQ, Yu JC, Ramassamy C, Dou J, Chen XH, Jiang YM, Qin J (2013) Acrolein induces Alzheimer\u2019s disease-like pathologies in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Lett 217:184\u2013191","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"111_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.06.002","volume":"37","author":"P Huebbe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huebbe P, Rimbach G (2017) Evolution of human apolipoprotein E (APOE) isoforms: gene structure, protein function and interaction with dietary factors. Ageing Res Rev 37:146\u2013161","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"111_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2008.11.007","volume":"30","author":"Z Jia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jia Z, Misra BR, Zhu H, Li Y, Misra HP (2009) Upregulation of cellular glutathione by 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione as a possible treatment strategy for protecting against acrolein-induced neurocytotoxicity. NeuroToxicology 30:1\u20139","journal-title":"NeuroToxicology"},{"key":"111_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e907","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.186","volume":"6","author":"SS Jiao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jiao SS, Shen LL, Zhu C, Bu XL, Liu YH, Liu CH, Yao XQ, Zhang LL, Zhou HD, Walker DG, Tan J, G\u00f6tz J, Zhou XF, Wang YJ (2016) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor protects against tau-related neurodegeneration of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Transl Psychiatry 6:e907","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"111_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181922348","volume":"68","author":"C Julien","year":"2009","unstructured":"Julien C, Tremblay C, Emond V, Lebbadi M, Salem N Jr, Bennett DA, Calon F (2009) Sirtuin 1 reduction parallels the accumulation of tau in Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 68:48\u201358","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"111_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1159\/000453200","volume":"40","author":"Y Kang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kang Y, Liu J, Song B, Feng X, Ou L, Wei L, Lai X, Shao L (2016) Potential links between cytoskeletal disturbances and electroneurophysiological dysfunctions induced in the central nervous system by inorganic nanoparticles. Cell Physiol Biochem 40:1487\u20131505","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"111_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/57.1.6","volume":"57","author":"JP Kehrer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kehrer JP, Biswal SS (2000) The molecular effects of acrolein. Toxicol Sci 57:6\u201315","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"111_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0124024","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124024","volume":"10","author":"T-A Kudo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kudo T-A, Kanetaka H, Mochizuki K, Tominami K, Nunome S, Abe G, Kosukegawa H, Abe T, Mori H, Mori K, Takagi T, Izumi S-I (2015) Induction of neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells treated with temperature-controlled repeated thermal stimulation. PLoS One 10:e0124024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"111_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.09.004","volume":"67","author":"Anil Kumar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kumar A, Singh A, Ekavali (2015) A review on Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathophysiology and its management: an update. Pharmacol Rep 67: 195\u2013203","journal-title":"Pharmacological Reports"},{"key":"111_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-6-49","volume":"6","author":"F L'episcopo","year":"2011","unstructured":"L'episcopo F, Serapide MF, Tirolo C, Testa N, Caniglia S, Morale MC, Pluchino S, Marchetti B (2011) A Wnt1 regulated Frizzled-1\/beta-catenin signaling pathway as a candidate regulatory circuit controlling mesencephalic dopaminergic neuron-astrocyte crosstalk: therapeutical relevance for neuron survival and neuroprotection. Mol Neurodegener 6:49","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"111_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-015-2000-5","volume":"72","author":"L Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li L, Yang X-J (2015) Tubulin acetylation: responsible enzymes, biological functions and human diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 72:4237\u20134255","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"111_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-016-0793-9","volume":"60","author":"S Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li S, Yan Y, Jiao Y, Gao Z, Xia Y, Kong L, Yao Y, Tao Z, Song J, Yan Y, Zhang G, Yang J (2016) Neuroprotective effect of Osthole on neuron synapses in an Alzheimer\u2019s disease cell model via upregulation of microRNA-9. J Mol Neurosci 60:71\u201381","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"111_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.2174\/156720507783018316","volume":"4","author":"FM Longo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Longo FM, Yang T, Knowles JK, Xie Y, Moore LA, Massa SM (2007) Small molecule neurotrophin receptor ligands: novel strategies for targeting Alzheimer\u2019s disease mechanisms. Curr Alzheimer Res 4:503\u2013506","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"111_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfi197","volume":"86","author":"RM Lopachin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lopachin RM, Decaprio AP (2005) Protein adduct formation as a molecular mechanism in neurotoxicity. Toxicol Sci 86:214\u2013225","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"111_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(00)00346-4","volume":"29","author":"MA Lovell","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lovell MA, Xie C, Markesbery WR (2000) Acrolein, a product of lipid peroxidation, inhibits glucose and glutamate uptake in primary neuronal cultures. Free Radic Biol Med 29:714\u2013720","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"111_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2005.07.002","volume":"47","author":"J Luo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Luo J, Robinson JP, Shi R (2005) Acrolein-induced cell death in PC12 cells: role of mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress. Neurochem Int 47:449\u2013457","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"111_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmau.2014.01.002","volume":"2","author":"R Mahmoud El-Desouki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mahmoud El-Desouki R (2014) New insights on Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2:57\u201366","journal-title":"J Microsc Ultrastruct"},{"key":"111_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2015.04.004","volume":"235","author":"NM Martins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Martins NM, Santos NA, Sartim MA, Cintra AC, Sampaio SV, Santos AC (2015) A tripeptide isolated from Bothrops atrox venom has neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects on a cellular model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Chem Biol Interact 235:10\u201316","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"111_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfu233","volume":"143","author":"A Moghe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moghe A, Ghare S, Lamoreau B, Mohammad M, Barve S, Mcclain C, Joshi-Barve S (2015) Molecular mechanisms of acrolein toxicity: relevance to human disease. Toxicol Sci 143:242\u2013255","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"111_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","volume":"65","author":"T Mosmann","year":"1983","unstructured":"Mosmann T (1983) Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 65:55\u201363","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"111_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.9.e36","volume":"30","author":"MW Pfaffl","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pfaffl MW, Horgan GW, Dempfle L (2002) Relative expression software tool (REST) for group-wise comparison and statistical analysis of relative expression results in real-time PCR. Nucleic Acids Res 30:e36","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"111_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1314","volume":"66","author":"MC Phillips","year":"2014","unstructured":"Phillips MC (2014) Apolipoprotein E isoforms and lipoprotein metabolism. IUBMB Life 66:616\u2013623","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"111_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/alzrt214","volume":"5","author":"AM Pooler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pooler AM, Polydoro M, Wegmann S, Nicholls SB, Spires-Jones TL, Hyman BT (2013) Propagation of tau pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: identification of novel therapeutic targets. Alzheimers Res Ther 5:49","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"111_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/nn0403-345","volume":"6","author":"L Puglielli","year":"2003","unstructured":"Puglielli L, Tanzi RE, Kovacs DM (2003) Alzheimer&#39;s disease: the cholesterol connection. Nat Neurosci 6:345\u2013351","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"111_CR50","unstructured":"Rasband WS 1997-2015. ImageJ, U. S. National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, Maryland, USA \nhttp:\/\/imagej.nih.gov\/ij\/"},{"key":"111_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.03.001","volume":"12","author":"ASA Report","year":"2016","unstructured":"Report ASA (2016) 2016 Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement 12:459\u2013509","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"111_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000369101","volume":"24","author":"S Sadigh-Eteghad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sadigh-Eteghad S, Sabermarouf B, Majdi A, Talebi M, Farhoudi M, Mahmoudi J (2015) Amyloid-beta: a crucial factor in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Med Princ Pract 24:1\u201310","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"111_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-014-1955-0","volume":"359","author":"R Sainath","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sainath R, Gallo G (2015) Cytoskeletal and signaling mechanisms of neurite formation. Cell Tissue Res 359:267\u2013278","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"111_CR54","volume-title":"A\u03b2-polyacrolein aggregates: novel mechanism of plastic formation in senile plaques","author":"N Seidler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Seidler N, J Squire T 2005. A\u03b2-polyacrolein aggregates: novel mechanism of plastic formation in senile plaques"},{"key":"111_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201100217","volume":"55","author":"R Shi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shi R, Rickett T, Sun W (2011) Acrolein-mediated injury in nervous system trauma and diseases. Mol Nutr Food Res 55:1320\u20131331","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"111_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3390\/biom6010006","volume":"6","author":"G \u0160imi\u0107","year":"2016","unstructured":"\u0160imi\u0107 G, Babi\u0107 Leko M, Wray S, Harrington C, Delalle I, Jovanov-Milo\u0161evi\u0107 N, Ba\u017eadona D, Bu\u00e9e L, De Silva R, Di Giovanni G, Wischik C, Hof PR (2016) Tau protein hyperphosphorylation and aggregation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other tauopathies, and possible neuroprotective strategies. Biomolecules 6:6\u20136","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"111_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-100405","volume":"21","author":"M Singh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Singh M, Dang TN, Arseneault M, Ramassamy C (2010) Role of by-products of lipid oxidation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain: a focus on acrolein. J Alzheimers Dis 21:741\u2013756","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"111_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200700412","volume":"52","author":"JF Stevens","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stevens JF, Maier CS (2008) Acrolein: sources, metabolism, and biomolecular interactions relevant to human health and disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 52:7\u201325","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"111_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.03.032","volume":"595","author":"MR Strachan-Whaley","year":"2015","unstructured":"Strachan-Whaley MR, Reilly K, Dobson J, Kalisch BE (2015) Map kinase and PKC signaling pathways modulate NGF-mediated apoE transcription. Neurosci Lett 595:54\u201359","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"111_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2012.09.027","volume":"62","author":"R Sultana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sultana R, Perluigi M, Butterfield DA (2013) Lipid peroxidation triggers neurodegeneration: a redox proteomics view into the Alzheimer disease brain. Free Radic Biol Med 62:157\u2013169","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"111_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.4331\/wjbc.v6.i2.28","volume":"6","author":"YN Utkin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Utkin YN (2015) Animal venom studies: current benefits and future developments. World J Biol Chem 6:28\u201333","journal-title":"World J Biol Chem"},{"key":"111_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2007.01805.x","volume":"192","author":"RH Westerink","year":"2008","unstructured":"Westerink RH, Ewing AG (2008) The PC12 cell as model for neurosecretion. Acta Physiol (Oxford) 192:273\u2013285","journal-title":"Acta Physiol (Oxford)"},{"issue":"2","key":"111_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020381","volume":"20","author":"Ka Wong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wong KH, Riaz MK, Xie Y, Zhang X, Liu Q, Chen H, Bian Z, Chen X, Lu A, Yang Z (2019) Review of current strategies for delivering Alzheimer\u2019s disease drugs across the blood-brain barrier. Int J Mol Sci 20","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"111_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultramic.2011.05.008","volume":"111","author":"X Yang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yang X, Liu X, Zhang X, Lu H, Zhang J, Zhang Y (2011) Investigation of morphological and functional changes during neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells by combined hopping probe ion conductance microscopy and patch-clamp technique. Ultramicroscopy 111:1417\u20131422","journal-title":"Ultramicroscopy"},{"key":"111_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2014.12.023","volume":"441","author":"M Yoshida","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yoshida M, Higashi K, Kuni K, Mizoi M, Saiki R, Nakamura M, Waragai M, Uemura K, Toida T, Kashiwagi K, Igarashi K (2015) Distinguishing mild cognitive impairment from Alzheimer\u2019s disease with acrolein metabolites and creatinine in urine. Clin Chim Acta 441:115\u2013121","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"111_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-071013-014300","volume":"37","author":"JT Yu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yu JT, Tan L, Hardy J (2014) Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: an update. Annu Rev Neurosci 37:79\u2013100","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"111_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41082","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41082","volume":"7","author":"C Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang C, Li C, Chen S, Li Z, Ma L, Jia X, Wang K, Bao J, Liang Y, Chen M, Li P, Su H, Lee SMY, Liu K, Wan J-B, He C (2017) Hormetic effect of panaxatriol saponins confers neuroprotection in PC12 cells and zebrafish through PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR and AMPK\/SIRT1\/FOXO3 pathways. Sci Rep 7:41082\u201341082","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Neurotoxicity Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12640-019-00111-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12640-019-00111-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12640-019-00111-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T23:42:22Z","timestamp":1603496542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12640-019-00111-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12640-019-00111-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1029-8428","1476-3524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1029-8428","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-3524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 August 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 September 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 October 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}