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The optimal parameters to obtain high-purity chitin were determined.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Dried and ground pupal exuviae, whose composition was initially determined, were demineralized using six different acids. Proteins were removed with a NaOH treatment in which temperature, molarity and duration were varied in a randomized experiment. Bleaching was carried out testing ten different chemicals, including NaOCl, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, solvent mixtures and enzymes. The efficiency of each step was determined to assess the optimal conditions for each of them. The resulting chitin was subjected to spectroscopic characterization.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The highest demineralization efficiency (90%) was achieved using 0.5\u00a0M formic acid for 2\u00a0h at 40\u00a0\u00b0C, confirming the validity of organic acids as a more sustainable alternative to inorganic acids. The treatment with 1.25\u00a0M NaOH at 90\u00a0\u00b0C for 4\u00a0h showed the highest deproteinization efficiency, removing 96% of the proteins. Temperature and NaOH concentration were the significant parameters for deproteinization efficiency. The most efficient bleaching treatment was with 6% NaOCl at 60\u00a0\u00b0C for 1\u00a0h (67% efficiency). H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> could also be a valid alternative to avoid environmental risk related to chlorine-containing compounds. At the end of the purification process 17% of the original biomass was retained with a chitin content of 85%, corresponding to a chitin yield of 14% related to the initial biomass. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance showed that the purified chitin had a degree of acetylation of 96% and X-ray powder diffraction gave a crystallinity index of 74%.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This investigation shows an optimized method for extraction of high-purity chitin from <jats:italic>H. illucens<\/jats:italic> pupal exuviae, supporting the validity of insect-farming remains as source of this versatile biopolymer.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649-021-01645-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T06:03:05Z","timestamp":1639029785000},"page":"1993-2008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Purification of Chitin from Pupal Exuviae of the Black Soldier Fly"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8428-0342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Hahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1672-8181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Tafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"von Seggern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0304-6867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrizia","family":"Falabella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6661-7164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosanna","family":"Salvia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jannik","family":"Thom\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Febel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Fijalkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1823-7949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linus","family":"Stegbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5344-6549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Zibek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1645_CR1","first-page":"411","volume":"4","author":"D Elieh-Ali-Komi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elieh-Ali-Komi, D., Hamblin, M.R.: Chitin and chitosan: production and application of versatile biomedical nanomaterials. 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