{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T23:37:14Z","timestamp":1793317034103,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594166400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-020-01398-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T05:33:39Z","timestamp":1594186419000},"page":"665-673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Endoscopically Assisted Treatment of Condylar Base and Neck Fractures: A Single Institution Analysis of Outcomes and Complications"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3461-5364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael-Tobias","family":"Neuhaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander-Nicolai","family":"Zeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Desch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Dhawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Jehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils-Claudius","family":"Gellrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00fcdiger","family":"Zimmerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1398_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2008.09.022","volume":"67","author":"KH Bormann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bormann KH, Wild S, Gellrich NC et al (2009) Five-year retrospective study of mandibular fractures in Freiburg, Germany: incidence, etiology, treatment, and complications. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 67(6):1251\u20131255","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"1398_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1389559","volume":"7","author":"A Neff","year":"2014","unstructured":"Neff A, Cornelius CP, Rasse M et al (2014) The comprehensive AOCMF classification system: condylar process fractures\u2014level 3 tutorial. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 7(7):S44\u2013S58","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1398_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2004.08.018","volume":"43","author":"RA Loukota","year":"2005","unstructured":"Loukota RA, Eckelt U, De Bont L et al (2005) Subclassification of fractures of the condylar process of the mandible. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 43(1):72\u201373","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"1398_CR4","first-page":"136","volume-title":"Spezielle Frakturen- Und Luxations- Lehre, Bd I\/1. Gesichtssch\u00e4del","author":"B Spiessl","year":"1972","unstructured":"Spiessl B, Schroll K (1972) Gelenkfortsatz- und Kieferk\u00f6pfchenfrakturen. In: Nigst H (ed) Spezielle Frakturen- Und Luxations- Lehre, Bd I\/1. Gesichtssch\u00e4del. Thieme, Stuttgart, p 136"},{"issue":"6","key":"1398_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2009.08.036","volume":"48","author":"RA Loukota","year":"2010","unstructured":"Loukota RA, Neff A, Rasse M (2010) Nomenclature\/classification of fractures of the mandibular condylar head. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 48(6):477\u2013478","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"1398_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.02.012","volume":"67","author":"D He","year":"2009","unstructured":"He D, Yang C, Chen M et al (2009) Intracapsular condylar fracture of the mandible: our classification and open treatment experience. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 67(8):1672\u20131679","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1398_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s12285-017-0097-2","volume":"10","author":"A Neff","year":"2017","unstructured":"Neff A, Cornelius C-P, Rasse M et al (2017) Kiefergelenkfortsatzfrakturen nach der AO-CMF-trauma-Klassifikation condylar process fractures according to the AO CMF trauma classification. Der MKG-Chirurg 10(2):113\u2013126","journal-title":"Der MKG-Chirurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1398_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9785(85)80040-5","volume":"14","author":"L Pepper","year":"1985","unstructured":"Pepper L, Zide MF (1985) Mandibular condyle fracture and dislocation into the middle cranial fossa. Int J Oral Surg 14(3):278\u2013283","journal-title":"Int J Oral Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1398_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(83)90214-8","volume":"41","author":"MF Zide","year":"1983","unstructured":"Zide MF, Kent JN (1983) Indications for open reduction of mandibular condyle fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 41(2):89\u201398","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1398_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.02.035","volume":"70","author":"H Kokemueller","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kokemueller H, Konstantinovic VS, Barth EL et al (2012) Endoscope-assisted transoral reduction and internal fixation versus closed treatment of mandibular condylar process fractures-a prospective double-center study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 70(2):384\u2013395","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1398_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(93)90285-C","volume":"76","author":"E Ellis","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ellis E, Dean J (1993) Rigid fixation of mandibular condyle fractures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 76(1):6\u201315","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1398_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.03.062","volume":"67","author":"E Ellis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ellis E (2009) Method to determine when open treatment of condylar process fractures is not necessary. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 67(8):1685\u20131690","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"1398_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-5182(05)80363-4","volume":"20","author":"J Hidding","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hidding J, Wolf R, Pingel D (1992) Surgical versus non-surgical treatment of fractures of the articular process of the mandible. J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg 20(8):345\u2013347","journal-title":"J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1398_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(96)80052-X","volume":"25","author":"G Widmark","year":"1996","unstructured":"Widmark G, B\u00e5genholm T, Kahnberg KE et al (1996) Open reduction of subcondylar fractures a study of functional rehabilitation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 25(2):107\u2013111","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1398_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(05)80507-7","volume":"27","author":"AW Baker","year":"1998","unstructured":"Baker AW, McMahon J, Moos KF (1998) Current consensus on the management of fractures of the mandibular condyle: a method by questionnaire. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 27(4):258\u2013266","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"1398_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.07.027","volume":"43","author":"T Berner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Berner T, Essig H, Schumann P et al (2015) Closed versus open treatment of mandibular condylar process fractures: a meta-analysis of retrospective and prospective studies. J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg 43(8):1404\u20131408","journal-title":"J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1398_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.09.027","volume":"73","author":"EA Al-Moraissi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al-Moraissi EA, Ellis E (2015) Surgical treatment of adult mandibular condylar fractures provides better outcomes than closed treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 73(3):482\u2013493","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1398_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-4356(97)90050-4","volume":"35","author":"B Hammer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hammer B, Schier P, Prein J (1997) Osteosynthesis of condylar neck fractures: a review of 30 patients. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 35(4):288\u2013291","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1398_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0746.101339","volume":"2","author":"A Rai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rai A (2012) Comparison of single vs double noncompression miniplates in the management of subcondylar fracture of the mandible. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2(2):141","journal-title":"Ann Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"1398_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(10)80036-9","volume":"51","author":"E Ellis","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ellis E, Sinn DP (1993) Treatment of mandibular angle fractures using two 2.4-mm dynamic compression plates. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 51(9):969\u2013973","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1398_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-5182(99)80023-7","volume":"27","author":"BH Choi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Choi BH, Kim KN, Kim HJ et al (1999) Evaluation of condylar neck fracture plating techniques. J Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surg 27(2):109\u2013112","journal-title":"J Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surg"},{"key":"1398_CR22","volume-title":"Principles of internal fixation of the craniomaxillofacial skeletonace","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ehrenfeld M, Manson PN, Prein J (eds) (2014) Principles of internal fixation of the craniomaxillofacial skeletonace, 2012th edn. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart","edition":"2012"},{"issue":"5","key":"1398_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2019.01.047","volume":"47","author":"P Poxleitner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Poxleitner P, Voss PJ, Steybe D et al (2019) Catching condyle\u2014endoscopic-assisted transoral open reduction and rigid fixation of condylar process fractures using an auto reposition and fixation osteosynthesis plate. J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg 47(5):778\u2013785","journal-title":"J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1398_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2017.10.024","volume":"46","author":"EA Al-Moraissi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Moraissi EA, Louvrier A, Colletti G et al (2018) Does the surgical approach for treating mandibular condylar fractures affect the rate of seventh cranial nerve injuries? A systematic review and meta-analysis based on a new classification for surgical approaches. J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg 46(3):398\u2013412","journal-title":"J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1398_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2013.08.008","volume":"43","author":"T Kanno","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kanno T, Sukegawa S, Tatsumi H et al (2014) The retromandibular transparotid approach for reduction and rigid internal fixation using two locking miniplates in mandibular condylar neck fractures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 43(2):177\u2013184","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"1398_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2018.04.015","volume":"46","author":"EA Al-Moraissi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Moraissi EA, Ellis E, Neff A (2018) Does encountering the facial nerve during surgical management of mandibular condylar process fractures increase the risk of facial nerve weakness? A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg 46(8):1223\u20131231","journal-title":"J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"1398_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2016.07.009","volume":"44","author":"M Pau","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pau M, Navisany K, Reinbacher KE et al (2016) Use of a modified high submandibular approach to treat condylar base fractures: experience with 44 consecutive cases treated in a single institution. J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg 44(10):1641\u20131645","journal-title":"J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1398_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2001.0213","volume":"31","author":"R Sch\u00f6n","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6n R, Gutwald R, Schramm A et al (2002) Endoscopy-assisted open treatment of condylar fractures of the mandible: extraoral vs intraoral approach. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 31(3):237\u2013243","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"1398_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2006.03.003","volume":"34","author":"U Eckelt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Eckelt U, Schneider M, Erasmus F et al (2006) Open versus closed treatment of fractures of the mandibular condylar process-a prospective randomized multi-centre study. J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg 34(5):306\u2013314","journal-title":"J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1398_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(99)90629-8","volume":"57","author":"G Lauer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lauer G, Schmelzeisen R (1999) Endoscope-assisted fixation of mandibular condylar process fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 57(1):36\u201339","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"1398_CR31","first-page":"521","volume":"23","author":"K Ikebe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ikebe K, Matsuda KI, Murai S et al (2010) Validation of the Eichner index in relation to occlusal force and masticatory performance. Int J Prosthodont 23(6):521\u2013524","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"issue":"10","key":"1398_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2018.07.010","volume":"46","author":"ET Niezen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Niezen ET, Bos RRM, van Minnen B et al (2018) Fractures of the mandibular condyle: a comparison of patients, fractures and treatment characteristics between Groningen (The Netherlands) and Dresden (Germany). J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg 46(10):1719\u20131725","journal-title":"J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1398_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(92)90395-G","volume":"50","author":"VS Konstantinovi\u0107","year":"1992","unstructured":"Konstantinovi\u0107 VS, Dimitrijevi\u0107 B (1992) Surgical versus conservative treatment of unilateral condylar process fractures: clinical and radiographic evaluation of 80 patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 50(4):349\u2013352","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"1398_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2006.07.854","volume":"34","author":"N Zachariades","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zachariades N, Mezitis M, Mourouzis C et al (2006) Fractures of the mandibular condyle: a review of 466 cases. Literature review, reflections on treatment and proposals. J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg 34(7):421\u2013432","journal-title":"J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"1398_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2008.06.107","volume":"66","author":"M Schneider","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schneider M, Erasmus F, Gerlach KL et al (2008) Open reduction and internal fixation versus closed treatment and mandibulomaxillary fixation of fractures of the mandibular condylar process: a randomized, prospective, multicenter study with special evaluation of fracture level. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 66(12):2537\u20132544","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"1398_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7352","DOI":"10.5867\/medwave.2018.07.7351","volume":"18","author":"J Cu\u00e9llar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cu\u00e9llar J, Santana J, N\u00fa\u00f1ez C et al (2018) Tratamiento quir\u00fargico o conservador para fracturas de c\u00f3ndilo mandibular. Medwave 18(7):e7352","journal-title":"Medwave"},{"issue":"5","key":"1398_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199505000-00016","volume":"34","author":"MJ Weinberg","year":"1995","unstructured":"Weinberg MJ, Merx P, Antonyshyn O et al (1995) Facial nerve palsy after mandibular fracture. Ann Plast Surg 34(5):546\u2013549","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1398_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000169690.78547.0C","volume":"116","author":"R Sch\u00f6n","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6n R, Fakler O, Gellrich NC et al (2005) Five-year experience with the transoral endoscopically assisted treatment of displaced condylar mandible fractures. Plast Reconstr Surg 116(1):44\u201350","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"1398_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.09.042","volume":"68","author":"AK Danda","year":"2010","unstructured":"Danda AK, Muthusekhar MR, Narayanan V et al (2010) Open versus closed treatment of unilateral subcondylar and condylar neck fractures: a prospective, randomized clinical study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 68(6):1238\u20131241","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1398_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2001.21868","volume":"59","author":"RH Haug","year":"2001","unstructured":"Haug RH, Assael LA (2001) Outcomes of open versus closed treatment of mandibular subcondylar fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 59(4):370\u2013375","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"1398_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2000.7253","volume":"58","author":"E Ellis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ellis E, Throckmorton G (2000) Facial symmetry after closed and open treatment of fractures of the mandibular condylar process. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 58(7):719\u2013728","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"1398_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(92)90055-5","volume":"50","author":"E Ellis","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ellis E, Karas N (1992) Treatment of mandibular angle fractures using two mini dynamic compression plates. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 50(9):958\u2013963","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12663-020-01398-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12663-020-01398-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12663-020-01398-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T07:22:51Z","timestamp":1635319371000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12663-020-01398-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1398"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12663-020-01398-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0972-8279","0974-942X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0972-8279","type":"print"},{"value":"0974-942X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code Availability"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the local ethical review committee (study nr: 8163_BO_K_2018).","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}