{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T05:30:53Z","timestamp":1774071053800,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-012-0295-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,22]],"date-time":"2013-03-22T03:28:39Z","timestamp":1363922919000},"page":"108-114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Etiology, clinical profile, and inhospital mortality of acute-on-chronic liver failure: a prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Ashish Kumar","family":"Jha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Nijhawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramesh Roop","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Subhash","family":"Nepalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arya","family":"Suchismita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"295_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-008-9106-x","volume":"3","author":"SK Sarin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sarin SK, Kumar A, Almeida JA, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific Association for the study of the liver (APASL). Hepatol Int. 2009;3:269\u201382.","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"295_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0676.2002.00001.x","volume":"22","author":"S Sen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sen S, Williams R, Jalan R. The pathophysiological basis of acute-on-chronic liver failure. Liver. 2002;22 Suppl 2:5\u201313.","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"295_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20236","volume":"10","author":"S Sen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sen S, Davies NA, Mookerjee RP, et al. Pathophysiological effects of albumin dialysis in acute-on-chronic liver failure: a randomized controlled study. Liver Transpl. 2004;10:1109\u201319.","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"295_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R108","DOI":"10.1186\/cc4985","volume":"10","author":"W Laleman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Laleman W, Wilmer A, Evenepoel P, et al. Effect of the molecular adsorbent recirculating system and Prometheus devices on systemic haemodynamics and vasoactive agents in patients with acute-on-chronic alcoholic liver failure. Crit Care. 2006;10:R108.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"295_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1257-7","volume":"55","author":"YL Cui","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cui YL, Yan F, Wang YB, et al. Nucleoside analogue can improve the long-term prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus infection-associated acute on chronic liver failure. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55:2373\u201380.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"295_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05484.x","volume":"23","author":"JW Yu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yu JW, Sun LJ, Zhao YH, Li SC. Prediction value of model for end-stage liver disease scoring system on prognosis in patients with acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure after plasma exchange and lamivudine treatment. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;23:1242\u20139.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"295_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.09.016","volume":"46","author":"SK Acharya","year":"2007","unstructured":"Acharya SK, Sharma PK, Singh R, et al. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in patients with cirrhosis is associated with rapid decompensation and death. J Hepatol. 2007;46:387\u201394.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"295_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2007.05243.x","volume":"23","author":"M Kumar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kumar M, Sharma BC, Sarin SK. Hepatitis E virus as an etiology of acute exacerbation of previously unrecognized asymptomatic patients with hepatitis B virus-related chronic liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;23:883\u20137.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"295_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2008.01887.x","volume":"29","author":"Y Radha Krishna","year":"2009","unstructured":"Radha Krishna Y, Saraswat VA, Das K, et al. Clinical features and predictors of outcome in acute hepatitis A and hepatitis E virus hepatitis on cirrhosis. Liver Int. 2009;29:392\u20138.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"295_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2004.03188.x","volume":"19","author":"J Ramachandran","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ramachandran J, Eapen CE, Kang G, et al. Hepatitis E super-infection produces severe decompensation in patients with chronic liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004;19:134\u20138.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"295_CR11","first-page":"59","volume":"23","author":"A Kumar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kumar A, Aggarwal R, Naik SR, Saraswat V, Ghoshal UC, Naik S. Hepatitis E virus is responsible for decompensation of chronic liver disease in an endemic region. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2004;23:59\u201362.","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"295_CR12","first-page":"50","volume":"23","author":"R Monga","year":"2004","unstructured":"Monga R, Garg S, Tyagi P, Kumar N. Superimposed acute hepatitis E infection in patients with chronic liver disease. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2004;23:50\u20132.","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"295_CR13","first-page":"50","volume":"8","author":"MA Mahtab","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mahtab MA, Rahman S, Khan M, Karim MF. Hepatitis E virus is a leading cause of acute-on-chronic liver disease: experience from a tertiary centre in Bangladesh. Hepatob Pancreat Dis Int. 2009;8:50\u20132.","journal-title":"Hepatob Pancreat Dis Int"},{"key":"295_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3188","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1377-0","volume":"55","author":"A Duseja","year":"2010","unstructured":"Duseja A, Chawla YK, Dhiman RK, Kumar A, Choudhary N, Taneja S. Non-hepatic insults are common acute precipitants in patients with acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF). Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55:3188\u201392.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"295_CR15","first-page":"e6","volume":"9","author":"AR Rajneesh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rajneesh AR, Rangan K, Thomas V. Acute on chronic liver failure. Calicut Med J. 2011;9:e6.","journal-title":"Calicut Med J"},{"key":"295_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02521.x","volume":"31","author":"M Sayed Zaki El","year":"2011","unstructured":"El Sayed Zaki M, Othman W. Role of hepatitis E infection in acute on chronic liver failure in Egyptian patients. Liver Int. 2011;31:1001\u20135.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"295_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1605-2","volume":"56","author":"AK Jha","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jha AK, Nijhawan S, Suchismita A. Sepsis in acute on chronic liver failure. Dig Dis Sci. 2011;56:1245\u20136.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"295_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1159\/000047017","volume":"20","author":"R Jalan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jalan R, Williams R. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: pathophysiological basis of therapeutic options. Blood Purif. 2002;20:252\u201361.","journal-title":"Blood Purif"},{"key":"295_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23264","volume":"50","author":"T Gustot","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gustot T, Durand F, Lebrec D, Vincent JL, Morea R. Severe sepsis in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2009;50:2022\u201333.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"295_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.10.019","volume":"42","author":"HE Wasmuth","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wasmuth HE, Kunz D, Yagmur E, et al. Patients with acute on chronic liver failure display \u201csepsis-like\u201d immune paralysis. J Hepatol. 2005;42:195\u2013201.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"295_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.189639","volume":"59","author":"A Katoonizadeh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Katoonizadeh A, Laleman W, Verslype C, et al. Early features of acute-on-chronic alcoholic liver failure: a prospective cohort study. Gut. 2010;59:1561\u20139.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"295_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21737","volume":"46","author":"RP Mookerjee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mookerjee RP, Stadlbauer V, Lidder S, et al. Neutrophil dysfunction in alcoholic hepatitis superimposed on cirrhosis is reversible and predicts outcome. Hepatology. 2007;46:831\u201340.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"295_CR23","unstructured":"Chung RT, Friedman LS. Bacterial, parasitic, and fungal infections of the liver, including liver abscess. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2006. p. 1731."},{"key":"295_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31998-2","volume":"5","author":"NA Deepak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Deepak NA, Patel ND. Differential diagnosis of acute liver failure in India. Ann Hepatol. 2006;5:150\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"295_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3266","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9730-z","volume":"52","author":"HM Mudawi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mudawi HM, Yousif BA. Fulminant hepatic failure in an African setting: etiology, clinical course, and predictors of mortality. Dig Dis Sci. 2007;52:3266\u20139.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"295_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.4065\/80.3.355","volume":"80","author":"H Devarbhavi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Devarbhavi H, Alvares JF, Kumar KS. Severe falciparum malaria simulating fulminant hepatic failure. Mayo Clin Proc. 2005;80:355\u20138.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"295_CR27","first-page":"111","volume":"20","author":"UC Ghoshal","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ghoshal UC, Somani S, Chetri K, Akhtar P, Aggarwal R, Naik SR. Plasmodium falciparum and hepatitis E virus co-infection in fulminant hepatic failure. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2001;20:111.","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"295_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2007.09.016","volume":"12","author":"J Osorio","year":"2008","unstructured":"Osorio J, Carvajal C, Sussman O, Buitrago R, Franco-Paredes C. Acute liver failure due to dengue virus infection. Int J Infect Dis. 2008;12:444\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"295_CR29","first-page":"127","volume":"18","author":"S Itha","year":"2005","unstructured":"Itha S, Kashyap R, Krishnani N, Saraswat VA, Choudhuri G, Aggarwal R. Profile of liver involvement in dengue virus infection. Natl Med J India. 2005;18:127\u201330.","journal-title":"Natl Med J India"},{"key":"295_CR30","first-page":"322","volume":"51","author":"BN Vinodh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vinodh BN, Bammigatti C, Kumar A, Mittal V. Dengue fever with acute liver failure. J Postgrad Med. 2005;51:322\u20133.","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med"},{"key":"295_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-86702008000500021","volume":"12","author":"LJ Souza","year":"2008","unstructured":"Souza LJ, Coelho JM, Silva EJ, et al. Acute hepatitis due to dengue virus in a chronic hepatitis patient. Braz J Infect Dis. 2008;12:456\u20139.","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"295_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2011.v5.1.44","volume":"5","author":"K Gharsangi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gharsangi K. Dengue causing fulminant hepatitis in a hepatitis B virus carrier. Biosci Trends. 2011;5:44\u20135.","journal-title":"Biosci Trends"},{"key":"295_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pdm.0000213462.60645.cd","volume":"15","author":"F Carvalho de Macedo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Carvalho de Macedo F, Nicol AF, Cooper LD, et al. Histologic, viral, and molecular correlates of dengue fever infection of the liver using highly sensitive immunohistochemistry. Diagn Mol Pathol. 2006;15:223\u20138.","journal-title":"Diagn Mol Pathol"},{"key":"295_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(99)90230-7","volume":"30","author":"A Couvelard","year":"1999","unstructured":"Couvelard A, Marianneau P, Bedel C, et al. Report of a fatal case of dengue infection with hepatitis: demonstration of dengue antigens in hepatocytes and liver apoptosis. Hum Pathol. 1999;30:1106\u201310.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"295_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11403","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.17.11403-11411.2005","volume":"79","author":"S Alcon-LePoder","year":"2005","unstructured":"Alcon-LePoder S, Drouet MT, Roux P, et al. The secreted form of dengue virus nonstructural protein NS1 is endocytosed by hepatocytes and accumulates in late endosomes: implications for viral infectivity. J Virol. 2005;79:11403\u201311.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"295_CR36","first-page":"114","volume":"30","author":"M V\u00e1zquez-Pichardoa","year":"2006","unstructured":"V\u00e1zquez-Pichardoa M, Rosales-Jim\u00e9nezb C, Rojas-Espinosaa O, L\u00f3pez-Mart\u00ednezb I, Moreno-Altamirano MMB. Is liver damage dependent on the serotype of dengue virus?\u2014a study in Mexico. Dengue Bull. 2006;30:114\u201320.","journal-title":"Dengue Bull"},{"key":"295_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4236\/ijcm.2010.11001","volume":"1","author":"H Kato","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kato H, Ikeuchi H, Nakamura M. Acute exacerbation of liver disease induced by pegylated interferon alpha2a treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Int J Clin Med. 2010;1:1\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Med"},{"key":"295_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4394","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i32.4394","volume":"13","author":"T Kogure","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kogure T, Ueno Y, Fukushima K, et al. Fulminant hepatic failure in a case of autoimmune hepatitis in hepatitis C during peg-interferon-alpha 2b plus ribavirin treatment. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13:4394\u20137.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"295_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-9-136","volume":"9","author":"Q Mao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mao Q, Zhang HY, You JP, Zhang XQ. Severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B during pegylated interferon treatment and early intervention with corticosteroid. Virol J. 2012;9:136.","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"295_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ripoll C, Groszmann R, Garcia-Tsao G, Portal Hypertension Collaborative Group, et al. Hepatic venous pressure gradient predicts clinical decompensation in patients with compensated cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2007;133:481\u20138.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.05.024"},{"key":"295_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jalan R, Gines P, Olson JC, et al. Acute-on chronic liver failure. J Hepatol. 2012; 57:1336\u201348.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.06.026"},{"key":"295_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khuroo MS, Khuroo MS, Farahat KL. Molecular adsorbent recirculating system for acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure: a meta-analysis. Liver Transpl. 2004;10:1099\u2013106.","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20139"},{"key":"295_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan AC, Fan ST, Lo CM, et al. Liver transplantation for acute-on-chronic liver failure. Hepatol Int. 2009;3:571\u201381.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-009-9148-8"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12664-012-0295-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12664-012-0295-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12664-012-0295-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]],"date-time":"2019-07-11T02:45:25Z","timestamp":1562813125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12664-012-0295-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["295"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12664-012-0295-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0254-8860","0975-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0254-8860","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-0711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}}}