{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T09:49:37Z","timestamp":1771062577141,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,31]],"date-time":"2013-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-013-0374-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,30]],"date-time":"2013-08-30T02:26:19Z","timestamp":1377829579000},"page":"41-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Prevalence of TPMT polymorphism in Indian patients requiring immunomodulator therapy and its clinical significance"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Sandeep Kirit","family":"Davavala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Devendra C.","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tester","family":"Ashavaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anand","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tarun","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"374_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1989.119","volume":"46","author":"L Lennard","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lennard L, Vanloon JA, Weinshiboum RM. Pharmacogenetics of acute azathioprine toxicity: relationship to thiopurine methyltransferase genetic polymorphism. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1989;46:149\u201354.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"374_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02220605","volume":"43","author":"L Lennard","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lennard L. The clinical pharmacology of 6-mercaptopurine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1992;43:329\u201339.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"374_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2009.069252","volume":"63","author":"LT Ford","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ford LT, Berg JD. Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) assessment prior to starting thiopurine drug treatment; a pharmacogenomic test whose time has come. J Clin Pathol. 2010;63:288\u201395.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"374_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/91.23.2001","volume":"91","author":"MV Relling","year":"1999","unstructured":"Relling MV, Hancock ML, Rivera GK, et al. Mercaptopurine therapy intolerance and heterozygosity at the thiopurine S-methyltransferase gene locus. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999;91:2001\u20138.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"374_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.12.003","volume":"6","author":"LP Glissen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Glissen LP, Wong DR, Engels LG, et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring of thiopurine metabolites in adult thiopurine-tolerant IBD patients on maintenance therapy. J Crohns Colitis. 2012;6:698\u2013707.","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"374_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/16.3.1215","volume":"16","author":"SA Miller","year":"1988","unstructured":"Miller SA, Dykes DD, Polesky HF. A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988;16:1215.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"374_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-8-199704150-00003","volume":"126","author":"CR Yates","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yates CR, Krynetski EY, Loennechen T, et al. Molecular diagnosis of thiopurine S-methyltransferase deficiency: genetic basis for azathioprine and mercaptopurine intolerance. Ann Intern Med. 1997;126:608\u201314.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"374_CR8","first-page":"101","volume":"38","author":"G Stocco","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stocco G, Martelossi S, Decorti G, et al. Pharmacogenetics of thiopurines: can posology be guided by laboratory data? Radiol Oncol. 2004;38:101\u20139.","journal-title":"Radiol Oncol"},{"key":"374_CR9","first-page":"651","volume":"32","author":"RM Weinshilboum","year":"1980","unstructured":"Weinshilboum RM, Sladek SL. Mercaptopurine pharmacogenetics: monogenic inheritance of erythrocyte thiopurine methyltransferase activity. Am J Hum Gen. 1980;32:651\u201362.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Gen"},{"key":"374_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2010.320","volume":"89","author":"MV Relling","year":"2011","unstructured":"Relling MV, Gardner EE, Sandborn WJ, et al. Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation: consortium guidelines for thiopurine methyltransferase genotype and thiopurine dosing. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011;89:387\u201391.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"374_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1067\/mcp.2001.117284","volume":"70","author":"S Alves","year":"2001","unstructured":"Alves S, Amorim A, Ferreira F, et al. Influence of the variable number of tandem repeats located in the promoter region of the thiopurine methyltransferase gene on enzymatic activity. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2001;70:165\u201374.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"374_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1004(200001)15:1<121::AID-HUMU36>3.0.CO;2-X","volume":"15","author":"S Alves","year":"2000","unstructured":"Alves S, Ferreira F, Prata MJ, Amorim A. Characterization of three new VnTR alleles in the promoter region of the TPMT gene. Hum Mutat. 2000;15:121.","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"374_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1004(200003)15:3<246::AID-HUMU5>3.0.CO;2-#","volume":"15","author":"S Alves","year":"2000","unstructured":"Alves S, Prata MJ, Ferreira F, Amorim A. Screening of thiopurine S-methyltransferase mutations by horizontal conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis. Hum Mut. 2000;15:246\u201353.","journal-title":"Hum Mut"},{"key":"374_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1529-8817.2004.00104.x","volume":"68","author":"S Alves","year":"2004","unstructured":"Alves S, Rocha J, Amorim A, Prata MJ. Tracing of the origin of the most common thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) variants: preliminary data from the patterns of haplotypic association with two CA repeats. Ann Hum Gen. 2004;68:313\u201323.","journal-title":"Ann Hum Gen"},{"key":"374_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-002-0784-5","volume":"111","author":"S Alves","year":"2002","unstructured":"Alves S, Rocha J, Amorim A, Prata MJ. Evolution of a VnTR located within the promoter region of the thiopurine methyltransferase gene: inferences from population and sequence data. Hum Gen. 2002;111:172\u20138.","journal-title":"Hum Gen"},{"key":"374_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/47.3.548","volume":"47","author":"E Schaeffeler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schaeffeler E, Lang T, Zanger UM. High-throughput genotyping of thiopurine S-methyltranferase by denaturing HPLC. Clin Chem. 2001;47:548\u201355.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"374_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2402981","volume":"17","author":"E Schaeffeler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schaeffeler E, Stanulla M, Greil J. A novel TPMT missense mutation associated with TPMT deficiency in a 5-year-old boy with ALL leukaemia. Leukemia. 2003;17:1422\u20134.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"374_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.26927","volume":"121","author":"M Schwab","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schwab M, Schaeffeler E, Marx C. Shortcoming in the diagnosis of TPMT deficiency in a patient with Crohn's disease using phenotyping only. Gastroenterology. 2001;121:500\u20131.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"374_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-200208000-00003","volume":"12","author":"M Schwab","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schwab M, Schaffeler E, Marx C. Azathioprine therapy and adverse drug reactions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: impact of thiopurine S-methyltransferase polymorphisms. Pharmacogenetics. 2002;12:429\u201336.","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics"},{"key":"374_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-001-0406-5","volume":"58","author":"M Dauer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dauer M, Schulze J, Loher F. Determination of thiopurine S-methyltransferase phenotype using thin-layer chromatography and quantitative scanning. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;58:41\u20134.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"374_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20057","volume":"24","author":"N Wood","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wood N, Fraser A, Bidwell J. RT-PCR permits simultaneous genotyping of thiopurine S-methyltransferase allelic variants by multiplex-induced heteroduplex analysis. Hum Mut. 2004;24:93\u20139.","journal-title":"Hum Mut"},{"key":"374_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00214-3","volume":"37","author":"PG Langley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Langley PG, Underhill J, Tredger JM, Norris S, McFarlane IG. Thiopurine methyltransferase phenotype and genotype in relation to azathioprine therapy in autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol. 2002;37:441\u20137.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"374_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/618407","volume":"27","author":"TF Ashavaid","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ashavaid TF, Raghavan R, Shah S, Kapadia A, Almel S, Desai D. TPMT and DPD polymorphisms: efficient screening method for Indian patients considering taking thiopurine and 5-FU drugs. Dis Markers. 2009;27:231\u20138.","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"key":"374_CR24","first-page":"500","volume":"129","author":"G Kapoor","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kapoor G, Maitra A, Somlata Brahmachari V. Application of SNaPshot for analysis of thiopurine methyltransferase gene polymorphism. Indian J Med Res. 2009;129:500\u20135.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"374_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-009-9331-8","volume":"27","author":"S Desire","year":"2010","unstructured":"Desire S, Balasubramanian P, Bajel A, et al. Frequency of TPMT alleles in Indian patients with acute lymphatic leukemia and effect on the dose of 6-mercaptopurine. Med Oncol. 2010;27:1046\u20139.","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"374_CR26","first-page":"121","volume":"1","author":"R Murugesan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Murugesan R, Vahab SA, Patra S, et al. Thiopurine S-methyltransferase alleles, TPMT(*)2, (*)3B and (*)3C, and genotype frequencies in an Indian population. Exp Ther Med. 2010;1:121\u20137.","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"374_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2010.01.029","volume":"34","author":"G Kapoor","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kapoor G, Sinha R, Naithani R, Chandgothia M. Thiopurine S-methyltransferase gene polymorphism and 6-mercaptopurine dose intensity in Indian children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Res. 2010;34:1023\u20136.","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"374_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6343","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-012-1456-8","volume":"39","author":"G Umamaheswaran","year":"2012","unstructured":"Umamaheswaran G, Krishna Kumar D, Kayathiri D, et al. Inter and intra-ethnic differences in the distribution of the molecular variants of TPMT, UGT1A1 and MDR1 genes in the south Indian population. Mol Biol Rep. 2012;39:6343\u201351.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"374_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-012-9511-7","volume":"50","author":"SN Iyer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Iyer SN, Tilak AV, Mukherjee MS, Singhal RS. Genotype frequencies of drug-metabolizing enzymes responsible for purine and pyrimidine antagonists in a healthy Asian-Indian population. Biochem Genet. 2012;50:684\u201393.","journal-title":"Biochem Genet"},{"key":"374_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-011-1133-1","volume":"68","author":"P Dorababu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dorababu P, Nagesh N, Linga VG, et al. Epistatic interactions between thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) and inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPA) variations determine 6-mercaptopurine toxicity in Indian children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2012;68:379\u201387.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"374_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.2.143","volume":"51","author":"L Lennard","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lennard L. TPMT in the treatment of Crohn's disease with azathioprine. Gut. 2002;51:143\u20136.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"374_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.8.1081","volume":"34","author":"WR Connel","year":"1993","unstructured":"Connel WR, Kamm KA, Ritchie JK, Lennard Jones JE. Bone marrow toxicity caused by azathioprine in inflammatory bowel disease: 27\u00a0years of experience. Gut. 1993;34:1081\u20135.","journal-title":"Gut"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12664-013-0374-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12664-013-0374-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12664-013-0374-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,2]],"date-time":"2020-08-02T20:39:00Z","timestamp":1596400740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12664-013-0374-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,31]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["374"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12664-013-0374-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0254-8860","0975-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0254-8860","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-0711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,31]]}}}