{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T17:36:51Z","timestamp":1744738611326,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]],"date-time":"2020-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":60,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004337","name":"St. George's University of London","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-020-01014-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]],"date-time":"2020-01-30T07:03:07Z","timestamp":1580367787000},"page":"465-469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Fecal incontinence and rectal prolapse"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Naveen","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Devinder","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"1014_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-2243(88)80007-8","volume":"27","author":"K Haadem","year":"1988","unstructured":"Haadem K, Ohrlander S, Lingman G. Long-term ailments due to anal sphincter rupture caused by delivery -- a hidden problem. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1988;27:27\u201332.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"1014_CR2","unstructured":"Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Bartram CI, Hudson CN. Third degree tears: incidence, risk factors and poor clinical outcome after primary sphincter repair. Gut. 1992;33Suppl 2:S29 (Abstract)."},{"key":"1014_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90766-9","volume":"2","author":"SJ Snooks","year":"1984","unstructured":"Snooks SJ, Setchell M, Swash M, Henry MM. Injury to innervation of pelvic floor sphincter musculature in childbirth. Lancet. 1984;2:546\u201350.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"1014_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1985.tb03053.x","volume":"92","author":"SJ Snooks","year":"1985","unstructured":"Snooks SJ, Henry MM, Swash M. Fecal incontinence due to external sphincter division in childbirth is associated with damage to the innervation of the pelvic floor musculature: a double pathology. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1985;92:824\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"1014_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, Bartram CI. Third degree anal sphincter tears: risk factors and outcome of primary repair. BMJ. 1994:887\u201391.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6933.887"},{"key":"1014_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01889235","volume":"14","author":"PJ Law","year":"1989","unstructured":"Law PJ, Bartram CI. Anal endosonography: technique and normal anatomy. Gastrointest Radiol. 1989;14:349\u201353.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Radiol"},{"key":"1014_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800800435","volume":"80","author":"AH Sultan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sultan AH, Nicholls RJ, Kamm MA, et al. Anal endosonography and correlation with in vitro and in vivo anatomy. Br J Surg. 1993;80:508\u201311.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"1014_CR8","first-page":"643","volume":"95","author":"DL Faltin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Faltin DL, Boulvain M, Irion O, et al. Diagnosis of anal sphincter tears by postpartum endosonography to predict fecal incontinence. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;95:643\u20137.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1014_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-64-759-225","volume":"64","author":"SJD Burnett","year":"1991","unstructured":"Burnett SJD, Spence-Jones C, Speakman CTM, et al. Unsuspected sphincter damage following childbirth revealed by anal endosonography. Br J Radiol. 1991;64:225\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"1014_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312233292601","volume":"329","author":"AH Sultan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, et al. Anal sphincter disruption during vaginal delivery. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:1905\u201311.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1014_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbosa M, Glavind-Kristensen M, Moller Soerensen M, Christensen P. Secondary sphincter repair for anal incontinence following obstetric sphincter injury: functional outcome and quality of life at 18 years follow-up. Colorectal Dis. 2020;22:71\u20139.","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.14792"},{"key":"1014_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walsh KA, McGrivell RM. Use of endoanal ultrasound for reducing the risk of complications related to anal sphincter injury after vaginal birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015:CD010826.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010826.pub2"},{"key":"1014_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-017-2851-3","volume":"32","author":"GP Thomas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thomas GP, Gould LE, Casunuran F, Kumar D. A retrospective review of 1495 patients with obstetric anal sphincter injuries referred for assessment of function and endoanal sonography. Int J Color Dis. 2017;32:1321\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Color Dis"},{"key":"1014_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chandra A, Kumar S, Singh P, Dangi A, Gupta V, Gupta V. Endoscopic ultrasound \u2013guided anal sphincteroplasty for fecal incontinence in women: a pilot study. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2019;38: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12664-019-00956-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-019-00956-5"},{"key":"1014_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-014-2005-9","volume":"29","author":"G Lamblin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lamblin G, Bouvier P, Damon H, et al. Long-term outcome after overlapping anterior anal sphincter repair for fecal incontinence. Int J Color Dis. 2014;29:1377\u201383.","journal-title":"Int J Color Dis"},{"key":"1014_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-019-02122-7","volume":"23","author":"MR Berg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Berg MR, Gregussen H, Sahlin Y. Long \u2013term outcome of sphincteroplasty with separate suturing of the internal and the external anal sphincter. Tech Coloproctol. 2019;23:1163\u201372.","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"key":"1014_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-004-0737-7","volume":"21","author":"GI Barisic","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barisic GI, Krivokapic ZV, Markovic VA, Popovic MA. Outcome of overlapping anal sphincter repair after 3 months and after a mean of 80 months. Int J Color Dis. 2006;21:52\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Color Dis"},{"key":"1014_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349.2010.519019","volume":"89","author":"E Johnson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Johnson E, Carlsen E, Steen TB, et al. Short- and long-term results of secondary anterior sphincteroplasty in 33 patients with obstetric injury. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2010;89:1466\u201372.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"1014_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0770-1","volume":"48","author":"L Zorcolo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zorcolo L, Covotta L, Bartolo DC. Outcome of anterior sphincter repair for obstetric injury: comparison of early and late results. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;48:524\u201331.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"1014_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bravo Gutierrez A, Madoff RD, Lowry AC, et al. Baxter NN. Long-term results of anterior sphincteroplasty. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004;47:727\u201331 discussion 731-2.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-003-0114-6"},{"key":"1014_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernando R, Sultan AH, Kettle C, Thakar R. Methods of repair for obstetric anal sphincter injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013:CD002866.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002866.pub3"},{"key":"1014_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.12177","volume":"15","author":"A Senapati","year":"2013","unstructured":"Senapati A, Gray RG, Middleton LJ, et al. PROSPER: a randomised comparison of surgical treatments for rectal prolapse. Color Dis. 2013;15:858\u201368.","journal-title":"Color Dis"},{"key":"1014_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v8.i7.508","volume":"8","author":"MA Javed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Javed MA, Afridi FG, Artioukh DY. What operation for recurrent rectal prolapse after previous Delorme\u2019s procedure? A practical reality. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2016;8:508\u201312.","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"1014_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tou S, Brown SR, Nelson RL. Surgery for complete (full-thickness) rectal prolapse in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015:CD001758.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001758.pub3"},{"key":"1014_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4723","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4723","volume":"366","author":"SM Dilke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dilke SM, Becker C, Tozer PJ, Vaizey C. Which operation is most effective for complete rectal prolapse? BMJ. 2019;366:4723.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1014_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-019-02014-w","volume":"23","author":"S Albayati","year":"2019","unstructured":"Albayati S, Chen P, Morgan MJ, Toh JWT. Robotic vs laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy for external rectal prolapse and rectal intussusception : a systematic review. Tech Coloproctol. 2019;23:529\u201335.","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol."},{"key":"1014_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-016-1518-3","volume":"20","author":"JL Faucheron","year":"2016","unstructured":"Faucheron JL, Trilling B, Barbois S, et al. Day case robotic ventral rectopexy compared with day case laparoscopic ventral rectopexy: a prospective study. Tech Coloproctol. 2016;20:695\u201370.","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol."},{"key":"1014_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.13309","volume":"18","author":"J M\u00e4kel\u00e4-Kaikkonen","year":"2016","unstructured":"M\u00e4kel\u00e4-Kaikkonen J, Rautio T, P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6 E, et al. Robot-assisted versus laparoscopic ventral rectopexy for external, internal rectal prolapse and enterocele: a randomised controlled trial. Color Dis. 2016;18:1010\u20135.","journal-title":"Color Dis"},{"key":"1014_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2019.10.024","volume":"72","author":"H Hashida","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hashida H, Sato M, Kumata Y, et al. Usefulness of laparoscopic posterior rectopexy for complete rectal prolapse:a cohort study. Int J Surg. 2019;72:109\u201314.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"1014_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luglio G, Tarquini R, Giglio MC, et al. Ventral mesh rectopexy versus conventional suture technique: a single-institutional experience. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2017;29Suppl 1:79\u201382.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-016-0672-9"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12664-020-01014-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12664-020-01014-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12664-020-01014-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T00:54:56Z","timestamp":1611881696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12664-020-01014-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12664-020-01014-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0254-8860","0975-0711"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0254-8860"},{"type":"electronic","value":"0975-0711"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 January 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"NK, and DK declare that they have no conflict of interest","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The authors are solely responsible for the data and the contents of the paper. In no way, the Honorary Editor-in-Chief, Editorial Board Members, or the printer\/publishers are responsible for the results\/findings and content of this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclaimer"}}]}}