{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T10:19:46Z","timestamp":1770286786147,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-020-01052-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]],"date-time":"2020-08-25T04:12:02Z","timestamp":1598328722000},"page":"362-369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prevalence and determinants of hepatopulmonary syndrome in decompensated chronic liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Benjamine","family":"Khiangte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2002-2605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunil Raviraj","family":"Kothakota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madhu","family":"Sasidharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harish","family":"Kareem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Subhashchandra","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vijosh V.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jagadeswara Reddy","family":"Kanala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Praveen","family":"Kumar C.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajith K.","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1052_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.6.853","volume":"51","author":"P Schenk","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schenk P, Fuhrmann V, Madl C, et al. Hepatopulmonary syndrome: prevalence and predictive value of various cut offs for arterial oxygenation and their clinical consequences. Gut. 2002;51:853\u20139.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"1052_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.12.003","volume":"5","author":"MR Arguedas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Arguedas MR, Singh H, Faulk DK, Fallon MB. Utility of pulse oximetry screening for hepatopulmonary syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5:749\u201354.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1052_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira PP, Camara EJ, Paula RL, Zollinger CC, Cavalcanti AR, Bittencourt PL. Prevalence of hepatopulmonary syndrome in patients with decompensated chronic liver disease and its impact on short-term survival. Arq Gastroenterol. 2008;45:34\u20137.","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032008000100007"},{"key":"1052_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teuber G, Teupe C, Dietrich CF, Caspary WF, Buhl R, Zeuzem S. Pulmonary dysfunction in non-cirrhotic patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Eur J Intern Med. 2002;13:311\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0953-6205(02)00066-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"1052_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.29.1.129","volume":"29","author":"C Babbs","year":"1988","unstructured":"Babbs C, Warnes TW, Haboubi NY. Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension with hypoxaemia. Gut. 1988;29:129\u201331.","journal-title":"Gut."},{"issue":"6","key":"1052_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01334.x","volume":"6","author":"E Schiffer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schiffer E, Majno P, Mentha G, et al. Hepatopulmonary syndrome increases the postoperative mortality rate following liver transplantation: a prospective study in 90 patients. Am J Transplant. 2006;6:1430\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"1052_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swanson KL, Wiesner RH, Krowka MJ. Natural history of hepatopulmonary syndrome: Impact of liver transplantation. Hepatology. 2005;41:1122\u20139.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20658"},{"key":"1052_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12126","volume":"27","author":"S Saigal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Saigal S, Choudhary N, Saraf N, et al. Excellent outcome of living donor liver transplantation in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome: a single centre experience. Clin Transpl. 2013;27:530\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Transpl"},{"key":"1052_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Roisin R, Krowka MJ, Herve P, Fallon MB. Pulmonary-hepatic vascular disorders (PHD). Eur Respir J. 2004;24:861\u201380.","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00010904"},{"key":"1052_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gudavalli A, Kalaria VG, Chen X, Schwarz KQ. Intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunt: diagnosis by saline contrast bubbles in the pulmonary veins. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2002;15:1012\u20134.","DOI":"10.1067\/mje.2002.121435"},{"key":"1052_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-010-0069-1","volume":"29","author":"A Duseja","year":"2010","unstructured":"Duseja A. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in India - a lot done, yet more required! Indian J Gastroenterol. 2010;29:217\u201325.","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1052_CR12","first-page":"448","volume":"61","author":"S Kalra","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kalra S, Vithalani M, Gulati G, et al. Study of prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in type 2 diabetes patients in India (SPRINT). J Assoc Physicians India. 2013;61:448\u201353.","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"1052_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hopkins WE, Waggoner AD, Barzilai B. Frequency and significance of intrapulmonary right-to-left shunting in end-stage hepatic disease. Am J Cardiol. 1992;70:516\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)91200-N"},{"key":"1052_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta D, Vijaya DR, Gupta R, et al. Prevalence of hepatopulmonary syndrome in cirrhosis and extrahepatic portal venous obstruction. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96:3395\u20139.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.05274.x"},{"key":"1052_CR15","unstructured":"Anand AC, Mukherjee D, Rao KS, Seth AK. Hepatopulmonary syndrome: prevalence and clinical profile. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2001;20:24\u20137."},{"key":"1052_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bera C, Thangaraj K, Pati PK, et al. Raised plasma levels of H2S and nitrate predict intrapulmonary vascular dilations: A preliminary report in patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2018;37:209\u201314.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-018-0862-9"},{"key":"1052_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fussner LA, Iyer VN, Cartin-Ceba R, Lin G, Watt KD, Krowka MJ. Intrapulmonary vascular dilatations are common in portopulmonary hypertension and may be associated with decreased survival. Liver Transpl. 2015;21:1355\u201364.","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24198"},{"key":"1052_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez FP, Mart\u00ednez-Pall\u00ed G, Barber\u00e0 JA, Roca J, Navasa M, Rodr\u00edguez-Roisin R. Gas exchange mechanism of orthodeoxia in hepatopulmonary syndrome. Hepatology. 2004;40:660\u20136.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20358"},{"key":"1052_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.7519","volume":"32","author":"MB Fallon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fallon MB, Abrams GA. Pulmonary dysfunction in chronic liver disease. Hepatology. 2000;32:859\u201365.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1052_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krowka MJ, Dickson ER, Cortese DA. Hepatopulmonary syndrome: clinical observations and lack of therapeutic response to somatostatin analogue. Chest. 1993;104:515\u201321.","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.2.515"},{"key":"1052_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soulaidopoulos S, Goulis I, Giannakoulas G, et al. Hepatopulmonary syndrome is associated with the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Ann Gastroenterol. 2017;30:225\u201331.","DOI":"10.20524\/aog.2016.0117"},{"key":"1052_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gautam A, Nigam A, Agrawal PK. Study of risk factors of hepatopulmonary syndrome and role of propranolol in its occurrence. J Evolution Med Dent Sci. 2016;5:741\u20133.","DOI":"10.14260\/jemds\/2016\/171"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12664-020-01052-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12664-020-01052-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12664-020-01052-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T00:30:46Z","timestamp":1629851446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12664-020-01052-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12664-020-01052-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0254-8860","0975-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0254-8860","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-0711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 September 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 August 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"BK, SRK, MS, HK, SJ, VVK, JRK, PKC, and AKN declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was performed conforming to the Helsinki declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000 and 2008 concerning human and animal rights, and the authors followed the policy concerning informed consent as shown on Springer.com.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics statement"}},{"value":"The authors are solely responsible for the data and the contents of the paper. In no way, the Honorary Editor-in-Chief, Editorial Board Members, or the printer\/publishers are responsible for the results\/findings and content of this article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclaimer"}}]}}