{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T12:37:03Z","timestamp":1788957423892,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004375","name":"Tel Aviv University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004375","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Inlet patches (IP) are usually small islands of ectopic gastric mucosa found in the proximal esophagus, but rare cases of large, fully circumferential IP (FCIP) have been reported. To better understand the clinical course of patients with FCIP, we sought to perform a systematic review of all published cases.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A systematic review of cases of FCIP was performed according to Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines after thorough searches of PubMed and journal databases for appropriate cases. No restrictions were placed as to article type, country of origin or publication year.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Total 30 cases of FCIP from 27 articles were identified. These included patients from 10 different countries published between 1985\u00a0and\u00a02024. The mean age was 55.7 with 82.1% men and a mean circumferential IP length of 3.4 cm. A majority of patients were symptomatic with dysphagia and\/or a history of food impactions (72.4%). Most cases involved complications from the IP, including a benign stricture\/ring\/web (20, 66.7%), adenocarcinoma (4, 13.3%) or ulcers\/erosions (2, 6.7%). The benign strictures were usually treated by dilation together with anti-secretory medication (10, 50%) or just dilation or medication. The adenocarcinoma cases were treated by surgery (two cases) or endoscopic resection (two cases), while the ulcer cases were treated medically. All cases with follow-up reported a good clinical outcome.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patients with FCIP are frequently symptomatic with dysphagia or food impactions and often have complications, including a stricture\/ring or cancer. Despite this, they have good clinical outcomes. Given the risk of malignancy, endoscopic surveillance may be warranted.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-025-01738-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T21:35:12Z","timestamp":1743543312000},"page":"443-456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A systematic review of fully circumferential inlet patches (heterotopic gastric mucosa): More complicated than regular inlet patches"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7879-3966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Bermont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haim","family":"Shirin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"1738_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-017-0644-3","volume":"17","author":"U Peitz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peitz U, Vieth M, Evert M, Arand J, Roessner A, Malfertheiner P. The prevalence of gastric heterotopia of the proximal esophagus is underestimated, but preneoplasia is rare - correlation with Barrett\u2019s esophagus. BMC Gastroenterol. 2017;17:87. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-017-0644-3.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1738_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.9.968","volume":"32","author":"F Borhan-Manesh","year":"1991","unstructured":"Borhan-Manesh F, Farnum JB. Incidence of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper oesophagus. Gut. 1991;32:968\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.32.9.968.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1738_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.11641\/pde.66.2_19","volume":"66","author":"Y Kumagai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kumagai Y. Incidence of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus (inlet patch). Progr Dig Endosc. 2005;66:19\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11641\/pde.66.2_19.","journal-title":"Progr Dig Endosc"},{"key":"1738_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2010.01091.x","volume":"24","author":"U Weickert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weickert U, Wolf A, Schr\u00f6der C, Autschbach F, Vollmer H. Frequency, histopathological findings, and clinical significance of cervical heterotopic gastric mucosa (gastric inlet patch): a prospective study in 300 patients. Dis Esophagus. 2011;24:63\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2010.01091.x.","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"1738_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1111\/dote.12252","volume":"28","author":"CS Chung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chung CS, Lin CK, Liang CC, Hsu WF, Lee TH. Intentional examination of esophagus by narrow-band imaging endoscopy increases detection rate of cervical inlet patch. Dis Esophagus. 2015;28:666\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dote.12252.","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"1738_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-104226","volume":"53","author":"I Vesper","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vesper I, Schmiegel W, Brechmann T. Equal detection rate of cervical heterotopic gastric mucosa in standard white light, high definition and narrow band imaging endoscopy. Z Gastroenterol. 2015;53:1247\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-104226.","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1738_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1016\/s0016-5085(98)70038-1","volume":"115","author":"AR Galan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Galan AR, Katzka DA, Castell DO. Acid secretion from an esophageal inlet patch demonstrated by ambulatory pH monitoring. Gastroenterology. 1998;115:1574\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0016-5085(98)70038-1.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1738_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01311666","volume":"31","author":"JW Hamilton","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hamilton JW, Thune RG, Morrissey JF. Symptomatic ectopic gastric epithelium of the cervical esophagus. Demonstration of acid production with Congo red. Dig Dis Sci. 1986;31:337\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01311666.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci."},{"key":"1738_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296118","volume":"38","author":"H Nakajima","year":"1993","unstructured":"Nakajima H, Munakata A, Sasaki Y, Yoshida Y. pH profile of esophagus in patients with inlet patch of heterotopic gastric mucosa after tetragastrin stimulation. An endoscopic approach. Dig Dis Sci. 1993;38:1915\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01296118.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"1738_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e250","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001516","volume":"56","author":"Y Yin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yin Y, Li H, Feng J, et al. Prevalence and clinical and endoscopic characteristics of cervical inlet patch (Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa): A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2022;56:e250\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001516.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1738_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-925362","volume":"38","author":"A Meining","year":"2006","unstructured":"Meining A, Bajbouj M, Preeg M, et al. Argon plasma ablation of gastric inlet patches in the cervical esophagus may alleviate globus sensation: a pilot trial. Endoscopy. 2006;38:566\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2006-925362.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"1738_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.04.053","volume":"137","author":"M Bajbouj","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bajbouj M, Becker V, Eckel F, et al. Argon plasma coagulation of cervical heterotopic gastric mucosa as an alternative treatment for globus sensations. Gastroenterology. 2009;137:440\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.04.053.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1738_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1159\/000355274","volume":"88","author":"P Klare","year":"2013","unstructured":"Klare P, Meining A, von Delius S, et al. Argon plasma coagulation of gastric inlet patches for the treatment of globus sensation: it is an effective therapy in the long term. Digestion. 2013;88:165\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000355274.","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"1738_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2016.06.037","volume":"84","author":"JM Dunn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dunn JM, Sui G, Anggiansah A, Wong T. Radiofrequency ablation of symptomatic cervical inlet patch using a through-the-scope device: a pilot study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2016;84:1022-1026.e2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gie.2016.06.037.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"1738_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-022-07745-9","volume":"68","author":"T Brechmann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brechmann T, M\u00fchlenkamp M, Schmiegel W, Viebahn B. Argon plasma coagulation of gastric inlet patches of the cervical esophagus relieves vocal and respiratory symptoms in selected patients. Dig Dis Sci. 2023;68:1936\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-022-07745-9.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"1738_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.04082.x","volume":"99","author":"BH von Rahden","year":"2004","unstructured":"von Rahden BH, Stein HJ, Becker K, Liebermann-Meffert D, Siewert JR. Heterotopic gastric mucosa of the esophagus: literature-review and proposal of a clinicopathologic classification. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99:543\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.04082.x.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1738_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i3.331","volume":"19","author":"VH Chong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chong VH. Clinical significance of heterotopic gastric mucosal patch of the proximal esophagus. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19:331\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v19.i3.331.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1738_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1136\/flgastro-2017-100855","volume":"9","author":"R Rusu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rusu R, Ishaq S, Wong T, Dunn JM. Cervical inlet patch: new insights into diagnosis and endoscopic therapy. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2018;9:214\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/flgastro-2017-100855.","journal-title":"Frontline Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1738_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4061","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i30.4061","volume":"25","author":"A Ciocalteu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ciocalteu A, Popa P, Ionescu M, Gheonea DI. Issues and controversies in esophageal inlet patch. World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25:4061\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v25.i30.4061.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1738_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520600763094","volume":"41","author":"JS Baudet","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baudet JS, Alarc\u00f3n-Fern\u00e1ndez O, S\u00e1nchez Del R\u00edo A, Aguirre-Jaime A, Le\u00f3n-G\u00f3mez N. Heterotopic gastric mucosa: a significant clinical entity. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2006;41:1398\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00365520600763094.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1738_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2006.01215.x","volume":"63","author":"OK Poyrazoglu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Poyrazoglu OK, Bahcecioglu IH, Dagli AF, Ataseven H, Celebi S, Yalniz M. Heterotopic gastric mucosa (inlet patch): endoscopic prevalence, histopathological, demographical and clinical characteristics. Int J Clin Pract. 2009;63:287\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2006.01215.x.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"1738_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-010-1259-2","volume":"267","author":"VH Chong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chong VH, Jalihal A. Heterotopic gastric mucosal patch of the esophagus is associated with higher prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;267:1793\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-010-1259-2.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"1738_CR23","first-page":"e123","volume":"3","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement. Open Med. 2009;3:e123-30.","journal-title":"Open Med."},{"key":"1738_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(85)90336-1","volume":"89","author":"M Jabbari","year":"1985","unstructured":"Jabbari M, Goresky CA, Lough J, Yaffe C, Daly D, C\u00f4t\u00e9 C. The inlet patch: heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus. Gastroenterology. 1985;89:352\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0016-5085(85)90336-1.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"1738_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(86)90417-8","volume":"90","author":"HM Rattner","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rattner HM, McKinley MJ. Heterotopic gastric mucosa of the upper esophagus. Gastroenterology. 1986;905 Pt 1:1309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0016-5085(86)90417-8.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1738_CR26","first-page":"1162","volume":"81","author":"LD Truong","year":"1986","unstructured":"Truong LD, Stroehlein JR, McKechnie JC. Gastric heterotopia of the proximal esophagus: a report of four cases detected by endoscopy and review of literature. Am J Gastroenterol. 1986;81:1162\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1738_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3468(88)80633-x","volume":"23","author":"RW Powell","year":"1988","unstructured":"Powell RW, Luck SR. Cervical esophageal obstruction by ectopic gastric mucosa. J Pediatr Surg. 1988;23:632\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-3468(88)80633-x.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"1738_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90448-9","volume":"94","author":"C Steadman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Steadman C, Kerlin P, Teague C, Stephenson P. High esophageal stricture: a complication of \u201cinlet patch\u201d mucosa. Gastroenterology. 1988;94:521\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90448-9.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1738_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00198108","volume":"18","author":"PE Buse","year":"1993","unstructured":"Buse PE, Zuckerman GR, Balfe DM. Cervical esophageal web associated with a patch of heterotopic gastric mucosa. Abdom Imaging. 1993;18:227\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00198108.","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"key":"1738_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1005690","volume":"27","author":"R Bataller","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bataller R, Bordas JM, Ordi J, Llach J, Elizalde JI, Mondelo F. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a complication of \u201cinlet patch mucosa\u201d in the upper esophagus. Endoscopy. 1995;27:282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2007-1005690.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"1738_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1005767","volume":"27","author":"C Pilette","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pilette C, Burtin P, Crou\u00e9 A, Ruget O, Boyer J. Mid-esophageal peptic stricture associated with gastric heterotopia and local acid secretion. Endoscopy. 1995;27:604\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2007-1005767.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"1738_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199712000-00025","volume":"25","author":"C Berkelhammer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Berkelhammer C, Bhagavan M, Templeton A, Raines R, Walloch J. Gastric inlet patch containing submucosally infiltrating adenocarcinoma. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1997;25:678\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004836-199712000-00025.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1738_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2001.118717","volume":"54","author":"O Pech","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pech O, May A, Gossner L, et al. Early stage adenocarcinoma of the esophagus arising in circular heterotopic gastric mucosa treated by endoscopic mucosal resection. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;54:656\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mge.2001.118717.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"1738_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.05.025","volume":"5","author":"JN Rogart","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rogart JN, Siddiqui UD. Inlet patch presenting with food impaction caused by peptic stricture. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5:e35\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.05.025.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1738_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.11.015","volume":"7","author":"SJ Tang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tang SJ, Feliciano N, Peng Y. Image of the month. Video imaging of inlet segment: circumferential gastric mucosa heterotopia in the cervical esophagus. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7:e37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.11.015.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"1738_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1136\/fg.2010.002311","volume":"2","author":"EJ Ainley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ainley EJ. High oesophageal web formation in association with heterotopic gastric mucosa (the gastric inlet patch): a small case series. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2011;2:117\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/fg.2010.002311.","journal-title":"Frontline Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1738_CR37","first-page":"55","volume":"37","author":"Z Afzal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Afzal Z, Nasir M, Ahmed N. Stricture associated with \u201cinlet patch.\u201d Practical Gastro. 2013;37:55\u20139.","journal-title":"Practical Gastro."},{"key":"1738_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S198","DOI":"10.14309\/00000434-201310001-00667","volume":"108","author":"K Lopez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lopez K, Rahman R, Winn J, et al. Large circumferential inlet patch presenting as Pseudo-Barrett\u2019s esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108:S198.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1738_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.22516\/25007440.45","volume":"30","author":"C Blanco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Blanco C, Teusaba E, Russi K. Mucosa gastrica heterotopica en esofago cervical: presentacion de un caso de compromiso circunferencial con estenosis franqueable [A case report of circumferential presentation with stricture]. Revista Colombiana de Gastroenterologia. 2016;30:225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22516\/25007440.45.","journal-title":"Revista Colombiana de Gastroenterologia"},{"key":"1738_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e124","DOI":"10.14309\/crj.2016.97","volume":"3","author":"J Guider","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guider J, Scott L. Esophageal rings and stricture related to a circumferential inlet patch. ACG Case Rep J. 2016;3:e124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14309\/crj.2016.97.","journal-title":"ACG Case Rep J"},{"key":"1738_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.06.014","volume":"151","author":"JH Tabibian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tabibian JH, Tondon R, Kochman ML. Velvety-red esophageal mucosa and dysphagia: Coincidental or causal? Gastroenterology. 2016;151:597\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.06.014.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1738_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.10.004","volume":"15","author":"Y Shimamura","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shimamura Y, Winer S, Marcon N. A giant circumferential inlet patch with acid secretion causing stricture. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;15:A22\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.10.004.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1738_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v5.i11.403","volume":"5","author":"T Yamada","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yamada T, Tsuji A, Onoue S, et al. Acid suppressive therapy improved symptoms due to circumferential cervical inlet patch with proton pumps (H+ \/K+-ATPase). World J Clin Cases. 2017;5:403\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12998\/wjcc.v5.i11.403.","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"1738_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S929","DOI":"10.14309\/01.ajg.0000782196.13555.69","volume":"116","author":"M Chang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chang M, Park E, Bilal H, Levi G, Smith MS. S2166 Giant circumferential gastric inlet patch generating a cervical esophageal peptic stricture. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021;116:S929\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14309\/01.ajg.0000782196.13555.69.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1738_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-020-10172-5","volume":"36","author":"DL Cohen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cohen DL, Bermont A, Shirin H. An uncommon cause of esophageal dysphagia and food impaction. Dysphagia. 2021;36:325\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-020-10172-5.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"1738_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15602","volume":"37","author":"D Ohki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ohki D, Tsuji Y, Yamazawa S, Ushiku T, Tateishi K. Gastrointestinal: Esophageal adenocarcinoma arising from circumferential ectopic gastric mucosa: A case report. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;37:47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.15602.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"1738_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s40792-023-01707-7","volume":"9","author":"S Nogi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nogi S, Noma K, Hashimoto M, et al. Adenocarcinoma arising from widespread heterotopic gastric mucosa in the cervicothoracic esophagus: a case report. Surg Case Rep. 2023;9:132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40792-023-01707-7.","journal-title":"Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"1738_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232470962312010","DOI":"10.1177\/23247096231201024","volume":"11","author":"A Patel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patel A, Ajumobi AB. Esophageal stricture: An uncommon complication of cervical inlet patch. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep. 2023;11:23247096231201024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23247096231201024.","journal-title":"J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep."},{"key":"1738_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1894","DOI":"10.14309\/01.ajg.0000960748.18071.f9","volume":"118","author":"J Pham","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pham J, Coelho-Prabhu N. Inlet patch esophageal stricture. Am J Gastroenterol. 2023;118:S1894\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14309\/01.ajg.0000960748.18071.f9.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1738_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanaka S, Urakami S, Koma YI. A circumferential cervical inlet patch causing stricture. Intern Med. 2025;64:613-4.","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.3966-24"},{"key":"1738_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01311954","volume":"24","author":"GA Weaver","year":"1979","unstructured":"Weaver GA. Upper esophageal web due to a ring formed by a squamocolumnar junction with ectopic gastric mucosa (another explanation of the Paterson-Kelly, Plummer-Vinson syndrome). Dig Dis Sci. 1979;24:959\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01311954.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"1738_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24","DOI":"10.1002\/oto2.24","volume":"7","author":"JS De La Chapa","year":"2023","unstructured":"De La Chapa JS, Harryman CJ, McGarey PO, Daniero JJ. Clinical characteristics of the cervical inlet patch: A case series. OTO Open. 2023;7:e24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oto2.24.","journal-title":"OTO Open"},{"key":"1738_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E369","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2302-7690","volume":"56","author":"KM Pawlak","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pawlak KM, Teshima C. Resolution of dysphagia following endoscopic resection of a large, nodular, esophageal inlet patch with low grade dysplasia. Endoscopy. 2024;56:E369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2302-7690.","journal-title":"Endoscopy."},{"key":"1738_CR54","volume-title":"De mammlium oesophage atque ventriculo, Inaugural dissertation","author":"FFA Schumidt","year":"1805","unstructured":"Schumidt FFA. De mammlium oesophage atque ventriculo, Inaugural dissertation. Bathenea: Halle; 1805."},{"key":"1738_CR55","first-page":"285","volume":"31","author":"LE Rector","year":"1941","unstructured":"Rector LE, Connerley ML. Aberrant mucosa in esophagus in infants and in children. Arch Pathol. 1941;31:285.","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"1738_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17588","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i46.17588","volume":"20","author":"Y Fang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fang Y, Chen L, Chen DF, et al. Prevalence, histologic and clinical characteristics of heterotopic gastric mucosa in Chinese patients. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:17588\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v20.i46.17588.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1738_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-010-0275-8","volume":"45","author":"K Hori","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hori K, Kim Y, Sakurai J, et al. Non-erosive reflux disease rather than cervical inlet patch involves globus. J Gastroenterol. 2010;45:1138\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00535-010-0275-8.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1738_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520801986619","volume":"43","author":"I Y\u00fcksel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Y\u00fcksel I, Usk\u00fcdar O, K\u00f6kl\u00fc S, et al. Inlet patch: associations with endoscopic findings in the upper gastrointestinal system. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2008;43:910\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00365520801986619.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1738_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.5754\/hge10703","volume":"59","author":"YR Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen YR, Wu MM, Nan Q, Duan LP, Miao YL, Li XY. Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper and middle esophagus: 126 cases of gastroscope and clinical characteristics. Hepatogastroenterology. 2012;59:1123\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5754\/hge10703.","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"1738_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.59566\/IJBS.2014.10129","volume":"10","author":"G Sahin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sahin G, Adas G, Koc B, et al. Is cervical inlet patch important clinical problem? Int J Biomed Sci. 2014;10:129\u201335.","journal-title":"Int J Biomed Sci."},{"key":"1738_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2013.860558","volume":"49","author":"L Yu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yu L, Yang Y, Cui L, Peng L, Sun G. Heterotopic gastric mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract: prevalence, histological features, and clinical characteristics. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2014;49:138\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00365521.2013.860558.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1738_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i1.242","volume":"20","author":"CL Cheng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheng CL, Lin CH, Liu NJ, Tang JH, Kuo YL, Tsui YN. Endoscopic diagnosis of cervical esophageal heterotopic gastric mucosa with conventional and narrow-band images. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:242\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v20.i1.242.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1738_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2011.11.008","volume":"44","author":"WL Neumann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Neumann WL, Luj\u00e1n GM, Genta RM. Gastric heterotopia in the proximal oesophagus (\u201cinlet patch\u201d): Association with adenocarcinomas arising in Barrett mucosa. Dig Liver Dis. 2012;44:292\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2011.11.008.","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"1738_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.164.4.7726045","volume":"164","author":"H Takeji","year":"1995","unstructured":"Takeji H, Ueno J, Nishitani H. Ectopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus: prevalence and radiologic findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1995;164:901\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/ajr.164.4.7726045.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"1738_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-022-10492-8","volume":"38","author":"M Roma\u0144czyk","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roma\u0144czyk M, Budzy\u0144 K, Roma\u0144czyk T, et al. Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the proximal esophagus: Prospective study and systematic review on relationships with endoscopic findings and clinical data. Dysphagia. 2023;38:629\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-022-10492-8.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"1738_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199705000-00021","volume":"90","author":"JP Waring","year":"1997","unstructured":"Waring JP, Wo JM. Cervical esophageal web caused by an inlet patch of gastric mucosa. South Med J. 1997;90:554\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007611-199705000-00021.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"1738_CR67","first-page":"2029","volume":"90","author":"MA McBride","year":"1995","unstructured":"McBride MA, Vanagunas AA, Breshnahan JP, Barch DB. Combined endoscopic thermal electrocoagulation with high dose omeprazole therapy in complicated heterotopic gastric mucosa of the esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol. 1995;90:2029\u201331.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1738_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2003.44","volume":"57","author":"EM Ward","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ward EM, Achem SR. Gastric heterotopia in the proximal esophagus complicated by stricture. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;57:131\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mge.2003.44.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"1738_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1159\/000051393","volume":"18","author":"N Malhi-Chowla","year":"2000","unstructured":"Malhi-Chowla N, Ringley RK, Wolfsen HC. Gastric metaplasia of the proximal esophagus associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma and Barrett\u2019s esophagus: What is the connection? Inlet Patch revisited Dig Dis. 2000;18:183\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000051393.","journal-title":"Inlet Patch revisited Dig Dis"},{"key":"1738_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-012-0206-9","volume":"43","author":"N Akanuma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Akanuma N, Hoshino I, Akutsu Y, et al. Primary esophageal adenocarcinoma arising from heterotopic gastric mucosa: Report of a case. Surg Today. 2013;43:446\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00595-012-0206-9.","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"1738_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-017-4878-2","volume":"63","author":"M Orosey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Orosey M, Amin M, Cappell MS. A 14-year study of 398 esophageal adenocarcinomas diagnosed among 156,256 EGDs performed at two large hospitals: An inlet patch is proposed as a significant risk factor for proximal esophageal adenocarcinoma. Dig Dis Sci. 2018;63:452\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-017-4878-2.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12664-025-01738-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12664-025-01738-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12664-025-01738-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T08:43:17Z","timestamp":1757148197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12664-025-01738-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1738"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12664-025-01738-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0254-8860","0975-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0254-8860","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-0711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"DLC, AB and HS declare\u00a0no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The authors are solely responsible for the data and the contents of the paper. In no way, the Honorary Editor-in-Chief, Editorial Board Members, the Indian Society of Gastroenterology\u00a0or the printer\/publishers are responsible for the results\/findings and content of this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclaimer"}}]}}