{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T06:31:52Z","timestamp":1782282712237,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-025-01911-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T21:56:47Z","timestamp":1770847007000},"page":"364-396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Histological interpretation and reporting of intestinal mucosal biopsies in suspected cases of inflammatory bowel disease: Joint IAPM-ISG-CCFI Working Group Recommendations"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Prasenjit","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puja","family":"Sakhuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aminder","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arshdeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagir","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saurabh","family":"Kedia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishal","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Vaiphei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Pulimood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roopa Rachel","family":"Paulose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuradha","family":"Sekaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjeev Vasudev","family":"Katti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mala","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritambhra","family":"Nada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuzhat","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niraj","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajni","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajib","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vatsala","family":"Misra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vandana","family":"Midha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uday C.","family":"Ghoshal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit K.","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupa","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devendra","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Nijhawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathew","family":"Philip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usha","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Govind K.","family":"Makharia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddhartha","family":"Datta Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. S.","family":"Ramakrishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6961-6389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajit","family":"Sood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1577-0118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vineet","family":"Ahuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1911_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-320065","volume":"69","author":"NS Seyed Tabib","year":"2020","unstructured":"Seyed Tabib NS, Madgwick M, Sudhakar P, Verstockt B, Korcsmaros T, Vermeire S. Big data in IBD: big progress for clinical practice. Gut. 2020;69:1520\u201332.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1911_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magro F, Gionchetti P, Eliakim R, et al. Third European evidence-based consensus on diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis. Part 1: definitions, diagnosis, extra-intestinal manifestations, pregnancy, cancer surveillance, surgery, and ileo-anal pouch disorders. J Crohns Colitis. 2017;11:649\u201370.","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjx008"},{"key":"1911_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.04.063","volume":"161","author":"M Agrawal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Agrawal M, Spencer EA, Colombel J-F, Ungaro RC. Approach to the management of recently diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease patients: A user\u2019s guide for adult and pediatric gastroenterologists. Gastroenterology. 2021;161:47\u201365.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1911_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15542","volume":"51","author":"D Piovani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Piovani D, Danese S, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Bonovas S. Inflammatory bowel disease: estimates from the global burden of disease 2017 study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020;51:261\u201370.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1911_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32448-0","volume":"390","author":"SC Ng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ng SC, Shi HY, Hamidi N, et al. Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies. Lancet. 2017;390:2769\u201378.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1911_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz186","volume":"26","author":"H Khalili","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khalili H. The changing epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: What goes up may come down. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2020;26:591\u20132.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"1911_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang R, Li Z, Liu S, Zhang D. Global, regional and national burden of inflammatory bowel disease in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. BMJ Open. 2023;13:e065186.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-065186"},{"key":"1911_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen X, Xiang X, Xia W, et al. Evolving trends and burden of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia, 1990\u20132019: A comprehensive analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2023;13:725\u201339.","DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-023-00145-w"},{"key":"1911_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ray G. Inflammatory bowel disease in India-past, present and future. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22:8123\u201336.","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i36.8123"},{"key":"1911_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kedia S, Ahuja V. Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in India: The great shift east. Inflamm Intest Dis. 2017;2:102\u201315.","DOI":"10.1159\/000465522"},{"key":"1911_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dharni K, Singh A, Sharma S, et al. Trends of inflammatory bowel disease from the Global Burden of Disease Study (1990\u20132019). Indian J Gastroenterol. 2024;43:188\u201398.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-023-01430-z"},{"key":"1911_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Giri S, Jena A, Kumar-M P, Muniswamy JR, Nath P, Sharma V. Burden of inflammatory bowel disease in India: Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study from 1990 to 2019. Intest Res. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5217\/ir.2024.00134.","DOI":"10.5217\/ir.2024.00134"},{"key":"1911_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canavese G, Falco EC, Perez-Diaz-del-Campo N, Caviglia GP, Di Giovanni F, Ribaldone DG. The histology-driven differential diagnosis in bowel inflammatory conditions is not all that obvious: evidence from a survey based on digital slides. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023;13:3684.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13243684"},{"key":"1911_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feakins RM; British Society of Gastroenterology. Inflammatory bowel disease biopsies: updated British Society of Gastroenterology reporting guidelines. J Clin Pathol. 2013;66:1005\u201326.","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2013-201885"},{"key":"1911_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Das P, Akhtar S, Bhowmik S, et al. A Pan-Indian survey on the interpretation of intestinal biopsies in inflammatory bowel disease and differentiating intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn\u2019s disease from a pathologist\u2019s perspective. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2025;68:692\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_780_24,","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_780_24"},{"key":"1911_CR16","unstructured":"Linstone HA, Turoff M. Introduction to the Delphi method: techniques and applications. The Delphi method: Tech Appl 1975:3\u201312."},{"key":"1911_CR17","first-page":"1193","volume":"121","author":"N Hill","year":"1979","unstructured":"Hill N, Frappier-Davignon L, Morrison B. The periodic health examination. Can Med Assoc J. 1979;121:1193\u2013254.","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"1911_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magro F, Langner C, Driessen A, et al. European consensus on the histopathology of inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2013;7:827\u201351.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2013.06.001"},{"key":"1911_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-44593","volume":"35","author":"C Dejaco","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dejaco C, Oesterreicher C, Angelberger S, et al. Diagnosing colitis: a prospective study on essential parameters for reaching a diagnosis. Endoscopy. 2003;35:1004\u20138.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"1911_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kedia S, Das P, Madhusudhan KS, et al. Differentiating Crohn\u2019s disease from gastrointestinal tuberculosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25:418\u201332.","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i4.418"},{"key":"1911_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choudhury A, Dhillon J, Sekar A, Gupta P, Singh H, Sharma V. Differentiating gastrogastrointestinal tuberculosis and Crohn\u2019s disease-a comprehensive review. BMC Gastroenterol. 2023;23:246.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-023-02887-0"},{"key":"1911_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehta V, Desai D, Abraham P, Rodrigues C. Making a positive diagnosis of gastrointestinal tuberculosis with the aid of new biologic and histologic features: how far have we reached? Inflamm Intest Dis. 2019;3:155\u201360.","DOI":"10.1159\/000496482"},{"key":"1911_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McBride RB, Suarez-Farinas M, Ko HM, Chen X, Liu Q, Harpaz N. Density of biopsy sampling required to ensure accurate histological assessment of inflammation in active ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2023;29:1706\u201312.","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izad063"},{"key":"1911_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bentley E, Jenkins D, Campbell F, Warren B. How could pathologists improve the initial diagnosis of colitis? Evidence from an international workshop. J Clin Pathol. 2002;55:955\u201360.","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.55.12.955"},{"key":"1911_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i11.1723","volume":"13","author":"SP Misra","year":"2007","unstructured":"Misra SP, Misra V, Dwivedi M. Ileoscopy in patients with ileocolonic tuberculosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13:1723\u20137.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1911_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castellaneta SP, Afzal NA, Greenberg M, et al. Diagnostic role of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2004;39:257\u201361.","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1536-4801.2004.tb00839.x"},{"key":"1911_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greuter T, Piller A, Fournier N, et al. Upper gastrointestinal tract involvement in Crohn\u2019s disease: Frequency, risk factors, and disease course. J Crohns Colitis. 2018;12:1399\u2013409.","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy121"},{"key":"1911_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wright CL, Riddell RH. Histology of the stomach and duodenum in Crohn\u2019s disease. Am J Surg Pathol. 1998;22:383\u201390.","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199804000-00001"},{"key":"1911_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kleer CG, Appelman HD. Ulcerative colitis: patterns of involvement in colorectal biopsies and changes with time. Am J Surg Pathol. 1998;22:983\u20139.","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199808000-00008"},{"key":"1911_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-020-02982-7","volume":"478","author":"C Lang-Schwarz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lang-Schwarz C, Agaimy A, Atreya R, et al. Maximizing the diagnostic information from biopsies in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases: recommendations from the Erlangen International Consensus Conference on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and presentation of the IBD-DCA score as a proposal for a new index for histologic activity assessment in ulcerative colitis and Crohn\u2019s disease. Virchows Arch. 2021;478:581\u201394.","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"1911_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1179\/014788811X12949268296086","volume":"34","author":"JH Choi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Choi JH, Bennett AE, McDonald LG. Effects of fixation on gastrointestinal biopsies. J Histotechnol. 2011;34:40\u20133.","journal-title":"J Histotechnol"},{"key":"1911_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eltoum I, Fredenburgh J, Grizzle WE. Advanced concepts in fixation: 1. Effects of fixation on immunohistochemistry, reversibility of fixation and recovery of proteins, nucleic acids, and other molecules from fixed and processed tissues. 2. Developmental methods of fixation. J Histotechnol. 2001;24:201\u201310.","DOI":"10.1179\/his.2001.24.3.201"},{"key":"1911_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2022.08.003","volume":"172","author":"N Navani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Navani N, Butler R, Ibrahimo S, et al. Optimising tissue acquisition and the molecular testing pathway for patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A UK expert consensus statement. Lung Cancer. 2022;172:142\u201353.","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"1911_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5421","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200581","volume":"189","author":"SW Park","year":"2012","unstructured":"Park SW, Kim M, Kim JY, et al. Paneth cell-mediated multiorgan dysfunction after acute kidney injury. J Immunol. 2012;189:5421\u201333.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"1911_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hewitt SM, Lewis FA, Cao Y, et al. Tissue handling and specimen preparation in surgical pathology: issues concerning the recovery of nucleic acids from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2008;132:1929\u201335.","DOI":"10.5858\/132.12.1929"},{"key":"1911_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma K, Sinha SK, Sharma A, et al. Multiplex PCR for rapid diagnosis of gastrogastrointestinal tuberculosis. J Glob Infect Dis. 2013;5:49\u201353.","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.112272"},{"key":"1911_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petri M, Poulsen SS, Christensen K, Jarnum S. The incidence of granulomas in serial sections of rectal biopsies from patients with Crohn\u2019s disease. Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Series A: Pathology. 1982;90:145\u20137.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1982.tb00075_90A.x"},{"key":"1911_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kellermann L, Riis LB. A close view on histopathological changes in inflammatory bowel disease, a narrative review. Dig Med Res. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/dmr-21-1.","DOI":"10.21037\/dmr-21-1"},{"key":"1911_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01295652","volume":"27","author":"CM Surawicz","year":"1982","unstructured":"Surawicz CM. Serial sectioning of a portion of a rectal biopsy detects more focal abnormalities: a prospective study of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci. 1982;27:434\u20136.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"1911_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magro F, Doherty G, Peyrin-Biroulet L, et al. ECCO position paper: Harmonization of the approach to ulcerative colitis histopathology. J Crohns Colitis. 2020;14:1503\u201311.","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa110"},{"key":"1911_CR41","first-page":"1094","volume":"46","author":"JC Hoffmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hoffmann JC, Preiss JC, Autschbach F, et al. Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of Crohn\u2019s disease. Gastroenterol. 2008;46:1094\u2013146.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1911_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.224154","volume":"60","author":"C Mowat","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mowat C, Cole A, Windsor A, et al. Guidelines for the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults. Gut. 2011;60:571\u2013607.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1911_CR43","first-page":"37","volume":"25","author":"W Petritsch","year":"1998","unstructured":"Petritsch W, Feichtenschlager T, Gasche C, et al. Diagnosis in inflammatory bowel diseases \u2014 report of the Austrian Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease Study Group. Acta Med Austriaca. 1998;25:37\u201343.","journal-title":"Acta Med Austriaca"},{"key":"1911_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vig T, Das P, Sakhuja P, Gaur K, Majumdar K, Pulimood A. Pathology of inflammatory bowel diseases and its mimickers, immunodeficiency and vascular gastrointestinal lesions, and drug-induced bowel pathologies. In: Das P, Majumdar K, Gupta SD, editors. Surgical Pathology of the Gastrointestinal System: Volume I - Gastrointestinal Tract. Singapore: Springer Singapore; 2022. p. 405\u201380.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-6395-6_12"},{"key":"1911_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529409094843","volume":"29","author":"G Schumacher","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schumacher G, Kollberg B, Sandstedt B. A prospective study of first attacks of inflammatory bowel disease and infectious colitis. Histologic course during the 1st year after presentation. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1994;29:318\u201332.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1911_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.7.961","volume":"35","author":"A Theodossi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Theodossi A, Spiegelhalter DJ, Jass J, et al. Observer variation and discriminatory value of biopsy features in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut. 1994;35:961\u20138.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1911_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198911000-00008","volume":"13","author":"DS Levine","year":"1989","unstructured":"Levine DS, Haggitt RC. Normal histology of the colon. Am J Surg Pathol. 1989;13:966\u201384.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"1911_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fabian O, Bajer L. Histopathological assessment of the microscopic activity in inflammatory bowel diseases: What are we looking for? World J Gastroenterol. 2022;28:5300-12.","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i36.5300"},{"key":"1911_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar NB, Nostrant TT, Appelman HD. The histopathologic spectrum of acute self-limited colitis (acute infectious-type colitis). Am J Surg Pathol. 1982;6:523\u201330.","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198209000-00004"},{"key":"1911_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lamps LW. Infective disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Histopathology. 2007;50:55\u201363.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2006.02544.x"},{"key":"1911_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bhowmik S, Mehra L, Ghosh T, et al. A systematic review and metaanalysis to examine the utility of histological parameters such as mucosal basal plasmacytosis and eosinophilia for distinguishing inflammatory bowel disease and non-IBD-type colitis.\u00a0Int J Surg Pathol. 2025;33:516-27.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10668969241271352.","DOI":"10.1177\/10668969241271352"},{"key":"1911_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feakins R, Borralho Nunes P, et al. Definitions of histological abnormalities in inflammatory bowel disease: an ECCO position paper. J Crohns Colitis. 2024;18:175\u201391.","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjad142"},{"key":"1911_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitsuishi T. Correlation between histological findings and endoscopic findings in patients with ulcerative colitis: Basal plasmacytosis is an important finding suggesting active inflammation. JGH Open. 2019;3:100\u20134.","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12111"},{"key":"1911_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villanacci V, Reggiani-Bonetti L, Caprioli F, et al. Histopathology of inflammatory bowel disease\u2014Position statement of the pathologists of the Italian Group for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IG-IBD) and Italian Group of Gastrointestinal Pathologists (GIPAD-SIAPEC). Dig Liver Dis. 2020;52:262\u20137.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2019.11.005"},{"key":"1911_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong SM, Baek DH. Diagnostic procedures for inflammatory bowel disease: Laboratory, endoscopy, pathology, imaging, and beyond. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024;14:1384.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14131384"},{"key":"1911_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.301","volume":"107","author":"T Bessissow","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bessissow T, Lemmens B, Ferrante M, et al. Prognostic value of serologic and histologic markers on clinical relapse in ulcerative colitis patients with mucosal healing. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107:1684\u201392.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1911_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carter MJ, Lobo AJ, Travis SP. IBD Section, British Society of Gastroenterology. Guidelines for the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults. Gut 2004;53Suppl 5:V1\u201316.","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.043372"},{"key":"1911_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khor TS, Fujita H, Nagata K, Shimizu M, Lauwers GY. Biopsy interpretation of colonic biopsies when inflammatory bowel disease is excluded. J Gastroenterol. 2012;47:226\u201348.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-012-0539-6"},{"key":"1911_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leoncini G, Ronchetti S, Del Sordo R, Villanacci V. Old and new diagnostic paths in inflammatory bowel diseases. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/intechopen.1004729.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.1004729"},{"key":"1911_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tursi A. Segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis: complication of diverticular disease or autonomous entity? Dig Dis Sci. 2011;56:27\u201334.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1230-5"},{"key":"1911_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edwards CM, George B, Warren B. Diversion colitis-new light through old windows. Histopathology. 1999;34:1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.1999.00624.x"},{"key":"1911_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arnold CA, Limketkai BN, Illei PB, Montgomery E, Voltaggio L. Syphilitic and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) proctocolitis: clues to a frequently missed diagnosis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2013;37:38\u201346.","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31826a523e"},{"key":"1911_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arnold CA, Roth R, Arsenescu R, et al. Sexually transmitted infectious colitis vs inflammatory bowel disease: distinguishing features from a case-controlled study. Am J Clin Pathol. 2015;144:771\u201381.","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPOID4JIJ6PISC"},{"key":"1911_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makharia GK, Srivastava S, Das P, et al. Clinical, endoscopic, and histological differentiations between Crohn\u2019s disease and gastrointestinal tuberculosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105:642-51.","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.585"},{"key":"1911_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carrero JC, Reyes-L\u00f3pez M, Serrano-Luna J, et al. Intestinal amoebiasis: 160 years of its first detection and still remains as a health problem in developing countries.\u00a0Int J Med Microbiol. 2020;310:151358.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2019.151358"},{"key":"1911_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Demase K, Ward MG. Mimics of inflammatory bowel disease: commonly encountered differentials of an uncommon condition. Med J Aust. 2024;221:136\u20139.","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.52372"},{"key":"1911_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panarelli NC. Infectious mimics of inflammatory bowel disease. Mod Pathol. 2023;36:100210.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100210"},{"key":"1911_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaber O, Ammar K, Sughayer M. Communicating uncertainty in pathology reports: a descriptive study from a specialized cancer center. Acad Pathol. 2024;11:100109.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2024.100109"},{"key":"1911_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lenti MV, Ribaldone DG, de Andreis FB, et al. A 1-year follow-up study on checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis: results from a European consortium. ESMO Open. 2024;9:103632.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2024.103632"},{"key":"1911_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2024.05.001","volume":"148","author":"NK Tomm","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tomm NK, Szczepanski JM, Fang JM, et al. Follow-up biopsies in gastrointestinal immune checkpoint inhibitor toxicity may show markedly different inflammatory patterns than initial injury. Hum Pathol. 2024;148:60\u20135.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"1911_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Awaysheh A, Wilcke J, Elvinger F, Rees L, Fan W, Zimmerman K. A review of medical terminology standards and structured reporting. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2018;30:17\u201325.","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638717738276"},{"key":"1911_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pulimood AB, Amarapurkar DN, Ghoshal U, et al. Differentiation of Crohn\u2019s disease from gastrointestinal tuberculosis in India in 2010. World J Gastroenterol. 2011;17:433\u201343.","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i4.433"},{"key":"1911_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.50.2.148","volume":"50","author":"FD Lee","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lee FD, Maguire C, Obeidat W, Russell RI. Importance of cryptolytic lesions and pericryptal granulomas in inflammatory bowel disease. J Clin Pathol. 1997;50:148\u201352.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"1911_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.2002.01416.x","volume":"41","author":"U Mahadeva","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mahadeva U, Martin JP, Patel NK, Price AB. Granulomatous ulcerative colitis: a re-appraisal of the mucosal granuloma in the distinction of Crohn\u2019s disease from ulcerative colitis. Histopathology. 2002;41:50\u20135.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"1911_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warren BF, Shepherd NA, Price AB, Williams GT. Importance of cryptolytic lesions and pericryptal granulomas in inflammatory bowel disease. J Clin Pathol. 1997;50:880\u20131.","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.50.10.880-b"},{"key":"1911_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sood A, Midha V, Singh A. Differential diagnosis of Crohn\u2019s disease versus ileal tuberculosis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2014;16:418.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-014-0418-9"},{"key":"1911_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.680989","volume":"8","author":"MA Judson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Judson MA. Granulomatous sarcoidosis mimics. Front Med. 2021;8:680989.","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"1911_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakellariou S, Zouki DN, Ziogas DC, Pouloudi D, Gogas H, Delladetsima I. Granulomatous colitis in a patient with metastatic melanoma under immunotherapy: a case report and literature review. BMC Gastroenterol. 2021;21:227.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-021-01812-7"},{"key":"1911_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90124-4","volume":"107","author":"CM Surawicz","year":"1994","unstructured":"Surawicz CM, Haggitt RC, Husseman M, McFarland LV. Mucosal biopsy diagnosis of colitis: acute self-limited colitis and idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 1994;107:755\u201363.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1911_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grucela AL, Patel P, Goldstein E, Palmon R, Sachar DB, Steinhagen RM. Granulomatous enterocolitis associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101:2090\u20135.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00733.x"},{"key":"1911_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03553.x","volume":"27","author":"VS Theis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Theis VS, Rhodes JM. Review article: minimizing tuberculosis during anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;27:19\u201330.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1911_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2011.04019.x","volume":"59","author":"S Shetty","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shetty S, Anjarwalla SM, Gupta J, et al. Focal active colitis: a prospective study of clinicopathological correlations in 90 patients. Histopathology. 2011;59:850\u20136.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"1911_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(97)90183-0","volume":"28","author":"JK Greenson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Greenson JK, Stern RA, Carpenter SL, Barnett JL. The clinical significance of focal active colitis. Hum Pathol. 1997;28:729\u201333.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"1911_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mosli MH, Feagan BG, Zou G, et al. Reproducibility of histological assessments of disease activity in UC. Gut. 2015;64:1765\u201373.","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307536"},{"key":"1911_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das P, Rampal R, Udinia S, et al. Selective M1 macrophage polarization in granuloma-positive and granuloma-negative Crohn\u2019s disease, in comparison to gastrointestinal tuberculosis. Intest Res. 2018;16:426\u201335.","DOI":"10.5217\/ir.2018.16.3.426"},{"key":"1911_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saade MC, Wehbe H, Mourad FH, et al. Significance of granulomas in the outcomes of Crohn\u2019s disease patients. Ann Gastroenterol. 2022;35:503\u20138.","DOI":"10.20524\/aog.2022.0730"},{"key":"1911_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Massey W, Li J, Goren I, Gordon I, Rieder F. Non-caseating granulomas are associated with stricturing Crohn\u2019s disease and their number and size are increased in the muscularis propria of strictured compared to non-strictured intestinal segments. Gastroenterology. 2024;166:S83.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.11.189"},{"key":"1911_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pai RK, Jairath V, Casteele NV, Rieder F, Parker CE, Lauwers GY. The emerging role of histologic disease activity assessment in ulcerative colitis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2018;88:887\u201398.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2018.08.018"},{"key":"1911_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vespa E, D\u2019Amico F, Sollai M, et al. Histological scores in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: The state of the art. J Clin Med. 2022;11:939.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11040939"},{"key":"1911_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta A, Yu A, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Ananthakrishnan AN. Treat to target: The role of histologic healing in inflammatory bowel diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;19:1800-13.e4.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.09.046"},{"key":"1911_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta RB, Harpaz N, Itzkowitz S, et al. Histologic inflammation is a risk factor for progression to colorectal neoplasia in ulcerative colitis: a cohort study. Gastroenterology. 2007;133:1099\u2013105.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.08.001"},{"key":"1911_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.3.404","volume":"47","author":"K Geboes","year":"2000","unstructured":"Geboes K, Riddell R, Ost A, Jensfelt B, Persson T, L\u00f6fberg R. A reproducible grading scale for histological assessment of infammation in ulcerative colitis. Gut. 2000;47:404\u20139.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1911_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pavel C, Diculescu MM, Stepan AE, et al. Considering histologic remission in ulcerative colitis as a long-term target. J Clin Med. 2024;13:289.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13010289"},{"key":"1911_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jucan AE, Gavrilescu O, Dranga M, et al. Evaluation of disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease: Diagnostic tools in the assessment of histological healing. Biomedicines. 2023;11:3090.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11113090"},{"key":"1911_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marchal-Bressenot A, Salleron J, Boulagnon-Rombi C, et al. Development and validation of the Nancy histological index for UC. Gut. 2017;66:43\u20139.","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310187"},{"key":"1911_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bryant RV, Burger DC, Delo J, et al. Beyond endoscopic mucosal healing in UC: histological remission better predicts corticosteroid use and hospitalisation over 6 years of follow-up. Gut. 2016;65:408\u201314.","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309598"},{"key":"1911_CR97","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. Ulcerative colitis: clinical trial endpoints guidance for industry. Draft Guidance. Silver Spring, MD: FDA; p. 19. Report No.: 15028dft.doc 07\/27\/16 UCM515143. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/regulatory-information\/search-fda-guidance-documents\/ulcerative-colitis-clinical-trial-endpoints-guidance-industry."},{"key":"1911_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peyrin-Biroulet L, Arenson E, Rubin DT, et al. A comparative evaluation of the measurement properties of three histological indices of mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis: Geboes score, Robarts histopathology index and Nancy index. J Crohns Colitis. 2023;17:1733\u201343.","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjad087"},{"key":"1911_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mishra S, Sekar A, Jena A, et al. Histological scores are poor predictors of short term outcomes in acute severe ulcerative colitis: An observational study. Dig Liver Dis. 2025;57:303\u20137.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.09.014"},{"key":"1911_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Egong D, Hanly M, McGrath E, et al. P267 Prospective validation of the IBD-Distribution, Chronicity, Activity (DCA) histological score for ulcerative colitis and correlation with UCEIS and MES. J Crohns Colitis. 2024;18 Supplement 1:i629\u201330.","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjad212.0397"},{"key":"1911_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21275","volume":"16","author":"G Lawlor","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lawlor G, Moss AC. Cytomegalovirus in inflammatory bowel disease: pathogen or innocent bystander? Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2010;16:1620\u20137.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"1911_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000758","volume":"51","author":"TSS Shukla","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shukla TSS, Tandon P, McCurdy JD. Corticosteroids and thiopurines but not tumor necrnecrosis factor antagonists are associated with cytomegalovirus reactivation in inflammatory bowel disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2017;51:394\u2013401.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1911_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim YS, Kim YH, Kim JS, et al. Long-term outcomes of cytomegalovirus reactivation in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis: a multicenter study. Gut Liver. 2014;8:643\u20137.","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl13427"},{"key":"1911_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kandiel A, Lashner B. Cytomegalovirus colitis complicating inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101:2857\u201365.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00869.x"},{"key":"1911_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i1.17","volume":"19","author":"E Garrido","year":"2013","unstructured":"Garrido E, Carrera E, Manzano R, Lopez-Sanroman A. Clinical significance of cytomegalo virus infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19:17\u201325.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1911_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tandon P, James P, Cordeiro E, Mallick R, Shukla T, McCurdy JD. Diagnostic accuracy of blood-based tests and histopathology for cytomegalovirus reactivation in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2017;23:551\u201360.","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000001073"},{"key":"1911_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goodgame RW. Gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus disease. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119:924\u201335.","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-119-9-199311010-00010"},{"key":"1911_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mills AM, Guo FP, Copland AP, Pai RK, Pinsky BA. A comparison of CMV detection in gastrointestinal mucosal biopsies using immunohistochemistry and PCR performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Am J Surg Pathol. 2013;37:995\u20131000.","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31827fcc33"},{"key":"1911_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cottone M, Pietrosi G, Martorana G, et al. Prevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in severe refractory ulcerative and Crohn\u2019s colitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96:773\u20135.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03620.x"},{"key":"1911_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maconi G, Colombo E, Zerbi P, et al. Prevalence, detection rate and outcome of cytomegalovirus infection in ulcerative colitis patients requiring colonic resection. Dig Liver Dis. 2005;37:418\u201323.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.01.011"},{"key":"1911_CR111","unstructured":"Smith A, Brown B, Davis C. Serological tests for CMV: a review. J Med Virol. 2020;92:234\u201342."},{"key":"1911_CR112","unstructured":"Johnson K, Clark D, Wilson E. Efficacy of IHC staining in detecting CMV. Clin Pathol. 2018;71:456\u201363."},{"key":"1911_CR113","unstructured":"Lee H, Kim S, Park J. PCR tests for CMV: accuracy and reliability. Virol J. 2017;14:89\u201396."},{"key":"1911_CR114","unstructured":"Garcia M, Rodriguez P, Lopez A. Histological examination of H&E slides for CMV. Diagn Pathol. 2019;15:133\u201340."},{"key":"1911_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harpaz N, Polydorides AD. Colorectal dysplasia in chronic inflammatory bowel disease: pathology, clinical implications, and pathogenesis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2010;134:876e95.","DOI":"10.5858\/134.6.876"},{"key":"1911_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.772101","volume":"12","author":"M Lucaf\u00f2","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lucaf\u00f2 M, Curci D, Franzin M, Decorti G, Stocco G. Inflammatory bowel disease and risk of colorectal cancer: An overview from pathophysiology to pharmacological prevention. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:772101.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1911_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(83)80175-0","volume":"14","author":"RH Riddell","year":"1983","unstructured":"Riddell RH, Goldman H, Ransohoff DF, et al. Dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease: standardized classification with provisional clinical applications. Hum Pathol. 1983;14:931\u201368.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1911_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21451","volume":"17","author":"C Laurent","year":"2011","unstructured":"Laurent C, Svrcek M, Flejou JF, et al. Immunohistochemical expression of CDX2, \u03b2-catenin, and TP53 in inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011;17:232\u201340.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"1911_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walsh SV, Loda M, Torres CM, Antonioli D, Odze RD. P53 and \u03b2 catenin expression in chronic ulcerative colitis\u2013associated polypoid dysplasia and sporadic adenomas: an immunohistochemical study. Am J Surg Pathol. 1999;23:963\u20139.","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199908000-00015"},{"key":"1911_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villanacci V, ReggianiBonetti L, Salviato T, et al. Histopathology of IBD colitis. A practical approach from the pathologists of the Italian Group for the study of the gastrointestinal tract (GIPAD). Pathologica 2021;113:39\u201353.","DOI":"10.32074\/1591-951X-235"},{"key":"1911_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jimeno M, Domingo A, Salas I, et al. Pathologist experience and concordance in the diagnosis of dysplasia in long-standing inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Surg Pathol. 2020;44:955\u201361.","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001475"},{"key":"1911_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schlemper RJ, Riddell RH, Kato Y, et al. The Vienna classification of gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia. Gut. 2000;47:251\u20135.","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.2.251"},{"key":"1911_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi WT, Yozu M, Miller GC, et al. Nonconventional dysplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal carcinoma: a multicenter clinicopathologic study. Mod Pathol. 2020;33:933\u201343.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-019-0419-1"},{"key":"1911_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2023.05.008","volume":"138","author":"N Harpaz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Harpaz N, Goldblum JR, Shepherd NA, et al. Colorectal dysplasia in chronic inflammatory bowel disease: a contemporary consensus classification and interobserver study. Hum Pathol. 2023;138:49\u201361.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12664-025-01911-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12664-025-01911-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12664-025-01911-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T07:32:45Z","timestamp":1778484765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12664-025-01911-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1911"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12664-025-01911-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0254-8860","0975-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0254-8860","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-0711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"PD, PS, AmS, ArS, SA, SK, VS, KV, AP, RRP, AnS, SVK, MB, RN, NH, NK, RY, RS, VM, VaM, UCG, AKD, RB, DD, AK, SN, MP, UD, GKM, SDG, BSR, AS and VA declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable for this guideline paper.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable for this guideline paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human ethics"}},{"value":"Not applicable for this guideline paper.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors are solely responsible for the data and the contents of the paper. In no way, the Honorary Editor-in-Chief, Editorial Board Members, the Indian Society of Gastroenterology\u00a0or the printer\/publishers are responsible for the results\/findings and content of this article.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclaimer"}}]}}