{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T17:15:51Z","timestamp":1787591751372,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Medical Innovation and Development Project of Lanzhou University","award":["lzuyxcx-2022-181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["lzuyxcx-2022-181"]}]},{"name":"the Key Cultivation Project of Cuiying Science and Technology Programme of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University","award":["CY2018-ZD01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CY2018-ZD01"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center Construction Project Funding","award":["No.2022136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2022136"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Academician Innovation Platform Research Project Funding","award":["No.00817378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.00817378"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center","award":["No.2021818"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2021818"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Gastroenterol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-026-02002-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T07:38:39Z","timestamp":1778485119000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Global, regional and national burden and trends of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women of reproductive age from 1990 to 2021: Insights from the Global burden of disease study 2021"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunxia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zirong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feihu","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dekui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6733-9293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonggang","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2002_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bany Bakar R. GLP1R agonists in NAFLD: a promising therapy on the horizon. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;20:346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-023-00770-7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00770-7"},{"key":"2002_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen H, Tan H, Wan J, et al. PPAR-\u03b3 signaling in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Ther. 2023;245:108391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2023.108391.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2023.108391"},{"key":"2002_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Powell EE, Wong VW, Rinella M. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Lancet. 2021;397:2212\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)32511-3.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)32511-3"},{"key":"2002_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D, Fazel Y, Henry L, Wymer M. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology. 2016;64:73\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.28431.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431"},{"key":"2002_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jung I, Koo DJ, Lee WY. Insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Clinical and experimental perspective. Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48:327\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4093\/dmj.2023.0350.","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2023.0350"},{"key":"2002_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brunt EM, Wong VW, Nobili V, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015;1:15080. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2015.80.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.80"},{"key":"2002_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang L, Yan Y, Wu L, Peng J. Natural products in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): Novel lead discovery for drug development. Pharmacol Res. 2023;196:106925. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106925.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106925"},{"key":"2002_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kohli I, Sohal A, Patel J, Roytman M.\u00a0Analysis of the association between eosinophilic esophagitis and MASLD: Retrospective, observational, cohort analysis of the National Inpatient Sample 2016-2020. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2024;33:309\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15403\/jgld-5409.","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld-5409"},{"key":"2002_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"El-Sehrawy AA, State O, Elzehery RR, Mohamed AS. Insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in premenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. Horm Metab Res. 2021;53:100\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1341-9710.","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1341-9710"},{"key":"2002_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Burra P, Bizzaro D, Gonta A, et al. Clinical impact of sexual dimorphism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease\u00a0(NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Liver Int. 2021;41:1713\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.14943.","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14943"},{"key":"2002_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Venetsanaki V, Polyzos SA. Menopause and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A review focusing on therapeutic perspectives. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2019;17:546\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1570161116666180711121949.","DOI":"10.2174\/1570161116666180711121949"},{"key":"2002_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh S, Taneja S, Tandon P, et al. High prevalence of hormonal changes and hepatic osteodystrophy in frail patients with cirrhosis-An observational study. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2022;12:800\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.11.012.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.11.012"},{"key":"2002_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G\u00f6bl CS, Ott J, Bozkurt L, et al. To assess the association between glucose metabolism and ectopic lipid content in different clinical classifications of PCOS. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0160571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0160571.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160571"},{"key":"2002_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Koushik AK, Kanumilli S, Chinta VA, Shah YR, Ganesh P, Subramanyam S. The impact of the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy on maternal and fetal outcomes. Cureus. 2023;15:e46035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.46035.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.46035"},{"key":"2002_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sarkar M, Grab J, Dodge JL, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. J Hepatol. 2020;73:516\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.049.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.049"},{"key":"2002_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hagstr\u00f6m H, H\u00f6ijer J, Ludvigsson JF, et al. Adverse outcomes of pregnancy in women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int. 2016;36:268\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.12902.","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12902"},{"key":"2002_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bulut AN, Ceyhan V, Dolanbay M. Can alanine aminotransferase measured in early pregnancy predict macrosomia? J Obstet Gynaecol. 2022;42:1799\u2013802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01443615.2022.2039905.","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2022.2039905"},{"key":"2002_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang S, Mak LY, Yuen MF, Seto WK. Screening strategy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2023;29Suppl:S103\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3350\/cmh.2022.0336.","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0336"},{"key":"2002_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Theal R, Morkem R, Queenan J, Barber D. Screening patterns and identification of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children in Canadian primary care.\u00a0Ann Fam Med. 2022;20(Suppl 1):2930.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1370\/afm.20.s1.2930.","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.20.s1.2930"},{"key":"2002_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"GBD 2021 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet. 2024;403:2133\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(24)00757-8.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(24)00757-8"},{"key":"2002_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"GBD 2021 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet. 2024;403:2100\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(24)00367-2.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(24)00367-2"},{"key":"2002_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang X, Zhang T, Zhang X, Chu C, Sang S. Global burden of lung cancer attributable to ambient fine particulate matter pollution in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019. Environ Res. 2022;204:112023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112023.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112023"},{"key":"2002_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang X, Chen H, Zhang T, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of blindness and vision loss due to common eye diseases along with its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2019.\u00a0Aging (Albany NY). 2021;13:19614\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.203374.","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203374"},{"key":"2002_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang L, Tong Z, Han R, Li K, Zhang X, Yuan R. Spatiotemporal trends in global burden of rheumatic heart disease and associated risk factors from 1990 to 2019. Int J Cardiol. 2023;384:100\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.04.060.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.04.060"},{"key":"2002_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schmidt H, Gostin LO, Emanuel EJ. Public health, universal health coverage, and sustainable development goals: can they coexist? Lancet. 2015;386:928\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(15)60244-6.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(15)60244-6"},{"key":"2002_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"El-Kassas M, Cabezas J, Coz PI, Zheng MH, Arab JP, Awad A.\u00a0Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Current global burden. Semin Liver Dis. 2022;42:401\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1862-9088.","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1862-9088"},{"key":"2002_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Grander C, Grabherr F, Tilg H. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: pathophysiological concepts and treatment options. Cardiovasc Res. 2023;119:1787\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvad095.","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvad095"},{"key":"2002_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.101143","volume":"50","author":"KK Bence","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bence KK, Birnbaum MJ. Metabolic drivers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Metab. 2021;50:101143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.101143.","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"2002_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Flessa CM, Nasiri-Ansari N, Kyrou I, et al. Genetic and diet-induced animal models for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) research. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:15791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232415791.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415791"},{"key":"2002_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Akambase JA, Prieto JE, Mattos AZ, et al. Epidemiology and risk factors for histopathologic characteristics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in South America. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2023;58:526\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.17615.","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17615"},{"key":"2002_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Golabi P, Owrangi S, Younossi ZM. Global perspective on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis - prevalence, clinical impact, economic implications and management strategies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2024;59(Suppl 1):S1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.17833.","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17833"},{"key":"2002_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Younossi ZM, Golabi P, Paik J, et al. Prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in the Middle East and North Africa. Liver Int. 2024;44:1061\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.15852.","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15852"},{"key":"2002_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paik JM, Henry L, Younossi Y, Ong J, Alqahtani S, Younossi ZM. The burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly growing in every region of the world from 1990 to 2019. Hepatol Commun. 2023;7:e0251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/hc9.0000000000000251.","DOI":"10.1097\/hc9.0000000000000251"},{"key":"2002_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Claure-Del Granado R, Lombardi R, Ch\u00e1vez-\u00cd\u00f1iguez J, Rizo-Topete L, Ponce D. Acute kidney injury in Latin America. Semin Nephrol. 2025;45:151609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2025.151609.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2025.151609"},{"key":"2002_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arab JP, D\u00edaz LA, Dirchwolf M, et al. NAFLD: Challenges and opportunities to address the public health problem in Latin America. Ann Hepatol. 2021;24:100359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100359.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100359"},{"key":"2002_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Younossi ZM, Yilmaz Y, Yu ML, et al. Clinical and patient-reported outcomes from patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease across the world: Data from the global non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)\/non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) registry. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20:2296\u2013306.e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004"},{"key":"2002_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paik JM, Golabi P, Younossi Y, Mishra A, Younossi ZM. Changes in the global burden of chronic liver diseases from 2012 to 2017: The growing impact of NAFLD. Hepatology. 2020;72:1605\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.31173.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31173"},{"key":"2002_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jiang W, Mao X, Liu Z, Zhang T, Jin L, Chen X. Global burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 1990 to 2019: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2019. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2023;57:631\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mcg.0000000000001739.","DOI":"10.1097\/mcg.0000000000001739"},{"key":"2002_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aboujassoum HM, Mohamed-Ali V, Abraham D, Clapp LH, Al-Naemi HA. Relative recovery of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in diet-induced obese rats.\u00a0Nutrients. 2023;16:115.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16010115.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16010115"},{"key":"2002_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee E, Korf H, Vidal-Puig A. An adipocentric perspective on the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2023;78:1048\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.01.024.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.01.024"},{"key":"2002_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chaudhuri U, Thornton CT, Crawford TN, Triplett D. Trends in incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma between 2000 and 2020: A surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER)-based analysis. Cureus. 2025;17:e84487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.84487.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.84487"},{"key":"2002_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alhusseini N, Alsinan N, Almutahhar S, et al. Dietary trends and obesity in Saudi Arabia. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1326418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1326418.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1326418"},{"key":"2002_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alamri AS, Alhomrani M, Alsanie WF, et al. Prevalence and predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in tertiary care hospital of Taif, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021;28:4921\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.05.063.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.05.063"},{"key":"2002_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang D, Xu Y, Zhu Z, et al. Changes in the global, regional, and national burdens of NAFLD from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019. Front Nutr. 2022;9:1047129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.1047129.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1047129"},{"key":"2002_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chong B, Kong G, Shankar K, et al. The global syndemic of metabolic diseases in the young adult population: A consortium of trends and projections from the Global Burden of Disease 2000-2019. Metabolism. 2023;141:155402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155402.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155402"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12664-026-02002-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12664-026-02002-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12664-026-02002-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T07:38:40Z","timestamp":1778485120000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12664-026-02002-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["2002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12664-026-02002-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0254-8860","0975-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0254-8860","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-0711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study utilized publicly available, aggregated data. No individual patient data was used and thus ethical approval was not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"YY, CZ, ZL,\u00a0XW, JW, FB,\u00a0DZ and YT declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The authors are solely responsible for the data and the contents of the paper. In no way, the Honorary Editor-in-Chief, Editorial Board Members, the Indian Society of Gastroenterology\u00a0or the printer\/publishers are responsible for the results\/findings and content of this article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclaimer"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Patient consent for publication"}}]}}