{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T21:41:34Z","timestamp":1768772494434,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,20]],"date-time":"2019-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,20]],"date-time":"2019-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"SUNTORY Kumamoto groundwater research project"},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP17H01861"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP17H01861"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Earth Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-019-8473-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,20]],"date-time":"2019-07-20T02:02:40Z","timestamp":1563588160000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Analysis of earthquake-induced groundwater level change using self-organizing maps"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0071-0785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kei","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Qiang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronny","family":"Berndtsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Kagabu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"8473_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11990-8","volume":"7","author":"MD Barberio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barberio MD, Barbieri M, Billi A, Doglioni C, Petitta M (2017) Hydrogeochemical changes before and during the 2016 Amatrice-Norcia seismic sequence (central Italy). Sci Rep 7:1\u201312. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-11990-8","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"8473_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2009.06.017","volume":"220","author":"D Bedoya","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bedoya D, Novotny V, Manolakos ES (2009) Instream and offstream environmental conditions and stream biotic integrity. Importance of scale and site similarities for learning and prediction. Ecol Modell 220:2393\u20132406. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2009.06.017","journal-title":"Ecol Modell"},{"key":"8473_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1785\/0120000726","volume":"91","author":"Y Chia","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chia Y, Wang YS, Chiu JJ, Liu CW (2001) Changes of groundwater level due to the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in the Choshui River alluvial fan in Taiwan. Bull Seismol Soc Am 91:1062\u20131068. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1785\/0120000726","journal-title":"Bull Seismol Soc Am"},{"key":"8473_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00024-007-0293-5","volume":"165","author":"Y Chia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chia Y, Chiu JJ, Chiang YH, Lee TP, Liu CW (2008) Spatial and temporal changes of groundwater level induced by thrust faulting. Pure appl Geophys 165:5\u201316. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00024-007-0293-5","journal-title":"Pure appl Geophys"},{"key":"8473_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/00288306.2012.680474","volume":"55","author":"SC Cox","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cox SC, Rutter HK, Sims A, Manga M, Weir JJ, Ezzy T, White PA, Horton TW, Scott D (2012) Hydrological effects of the MW 7.1 Darfield (Canterbury) earthquake, 4 September 2010, New Zealand. New Zeal J Geol Geophys 55:231\u2013247. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00288306.2012.680474","journal-title":"New Zeal J Geol Geophys"},{"key":"8473_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2004.03.004","volume":"17","author":"HL Garc\u00eda","year":"2004","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda HL, Gonz\u00e1lez IM (2004) Self-organizing map and clustering for wastewater treatment monitoring. Eng Appl Artif Intell 17:215\u2013225. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2004.03.004","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"8473_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2010.05.013","volume":"122","author":"A Hentati","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hentati A, Kawamura A, Amaguchi H, Iseri Y (2010) Evaluation of sedimentation vulnerability at small hillside reservoirs in the semi-arid region of Tunisia using the self-organizing map. Geomorphology 122:56\u201364. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geomorph.2010.05.013","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"8473_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.02.020","volume":"47","author":"T Hosono","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hosono T, Tokunaga T, Kagabu M, Nakata H, Orishikida T, Lin IT, Shimada J (2013) The use of \u03b415N and \u03b418O tracers with an understanding of groundwater flow dynamics for evaluating the origins and attenuation mechanisms of nitrate pollution. Water Res 47:2661\u20132675. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2013.02.020","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"8473_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.02.005","volume":"54","author":"T Hosono","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hosono T, Tokunaga T, Tsushima A, Shimada J (2014) Combined use of \u03b413C, \u03b415N, and \u03b434S tracers to study anaerobic bacterial processes in groundwater flow systems. Water Res 54:284\u2013296. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2014.02.005","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"8473_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14809","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32735-1","volume":"8","author":"T Hosono","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hosono T, Hartmann J, Louvat P, Amann T, Washington KE, West AJ, Okumura K, B\u00d6ttcher ME, Gaillardet J (2018) Earthquake-induced structural deformations enhance long-term solute fluxes from active volcanic systems. Sci Rep 8:14809. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-32735-1","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"8473_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-016-5557-x","volume":"75","author":"S Hossain","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hossain S, Hosono T, Ide K, Matsunaga M, Shimada J (2016a) Redox processes and occurrence of arsenic in a volcanic aquifer system of Kumamoto Area, Japan. Environ Earth Sci 75:1\u201319. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-016-5557-x","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"key":"8473_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-016-3089-3","volume":"227","author":"S Hossain","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hossain S, Hosono T, Yang H, Shimada J (2016b) Geochemical processes controlling fluoride enrichment in groundwater at the western part of Kumamoto Area. Japan. Water Air Soil Pollut 227:385. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11270-016-3089-3","journal-title":"Japan. Water Air Soil Pollut"},{"issue":"4","key":"8473_CR13","first-page":"I_541","volume":"69","author":"S Ishihara","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ishihara S, Kawamura A, Amaguchi H, Takasaki T, Kawai M (2013) Evaluation of characteristics of groundwater level fluctuation in Tokyo by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake using self-organizing maps. J Jpn Soc Civil Eng Ser BI (Hydraul Eng) 69(4):I_541\u2013I_546","journal-title":"J Jpn Soc Civil Eng Ser BI (Hydraul Eng)"},{"key":"8473_CR14","unstructured":"Japan Meteorological Agency (2018) Weather observation data. Japan Meteorological Agency Web. \n                    http:\/\/www.jma.go.jp\/jma\/index.html\n                    \n                  . Accessed 16 Nov 2018"},{"key":"8473_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.1039\/c1em10132c","volume":"13","author":"YH Jin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jin YH, Kawamura A, Park SC, Nakagawa N, Amaguchi H, Olsson J (2011) Spatiotemporal classification of environmental monitoring data in the Yeongsan River basin, Korea, using self-organizing maps. J Environ Monit 13:2886\u20132894. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c1em10132c","journal-title":"J Environ Monit"},{"key":"8473_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrh.2017.05.003","volume":"12","author":"M Kagabu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kagabu M, Matsunaga M, Ide K, Momoshima N, Shimada J (2017) Groundwater age determination using 85Kr and multiple age tracers (SF6, CFCs, and 3H) to elucidate regional groundwater flow systems. J Hydrol Reg Stud 12:165\u2013180. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrh.2017.05.003","journal-title":"J Hydrol Reg Stud"},{"key":"8473_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1623\/hysj.52.2.305","volume":"52","author":"AM Kalteh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kalteh AM, Berndtsson R (2007) Interpolating monthly precipitation by self-organizing map (SOM) and multilayer perceptron (MLP). Hydrol Sci J 52:305\u2013317. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1623\/hysj.52.2.305","journal-title":"Hydrol Sci J"},{"key":"8473_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-56927-2","volume-title":"Self-organizing maps","author":"T Kohonen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kohonen T (2001) Self-organizing maps, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin","edition":"3"},{"key":"8473_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-017-1684-z","volume":"26","author":"C-Y Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu C-Y, Chia Y, Chuang P-Y, Chiu Y-C, Tseng T-L (2018) Impacts of hydrogeological characteristics on groundwater-level changes induced by earthquakes. Hydrogeol J 26:451\u2013465. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10040-017-1684-z","journal-title":"Hydrogeol J"},{"key":"8473_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53802-4.00082-8","volume-title":"Treatise on geophysics","author":"M Manga","year":"2015","unstructured":"Manga M, Wang C-Y (2015) Earthquake hydrology. In: Gerald S (ed) Treatise on geophysics, vol 4, 2nd edn. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 305\u2013328","edition":"2"},{"key":"8473_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.5575\/geosoc.115.672","volume":"115","author":"M Miyoshi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miyoshi M, Furukawa K, Shinmura T, Shimono M, Hasenaka T (2009) Petrography and whole-rock geochemistry of pre-Aso lavas from the caldera wall of Aso volcano, central Kyushu. J Geol Soc Jpn 115:672\u2013687. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5575\/geosoc.115.672\n                    \n                   (in Japanese with English abstract)","journal-title":"J Geol Soc Jpn"},{"key":"8473_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.2166\/nh.2016.072","volume":"48","author":"K Nakagawa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nakagawa K, Amano H, Kawamura A, Berndtsson R (2017) Classification of groundwater chemistry in Shimabara, using self-organizing maps. Hydrol Res 48:840\u2013850. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/nh.2016.072","journal-title":"Hydrol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"8473_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"I_241","DOI":"10.2208\/jscejhe.70.I_241","volume":"70","author":"TT Nguyen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nguyen TT, Kawamura A, Tong TN, Nakagawa N, Amaguchi H, Gilbuena R (2014) Spatial classification of groundwater monitoring data in the Red River Delta, Vietnam using self-organizing maps. Ann J Hydraul Eng JSCE 70(4):I_241\u2013I_246. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2208\/jscejhe.70.I_241","journal-title":"Ann J Hydraul Eng JSCE"},{"key":"8473_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2015.01.023","volume":"522","author":"TT Nguyen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nguyen TT, Kawamura A, Tong TN, Nakagawa N, Amaguchi H, Gilbuena R (2015) Clustering spatio-seasonal hydrogeochemical data using self-organizing maps for groundwater quality assessment in the Red River Delta, Vietnam. J Hydrol 522:661\u2013673. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2015.01.023","journal-title":"J Hydrol"},{"key":"8473_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00878996","volume":"126","author":"EA Roeloffs","year":"1988","unstructured":"Roeloffs EA (1988) Hydrologic precursors to earthquakes: a review. Pure Appl Geophys PAGEOPH 126:177\u2013209. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00878996","journal-title":"Pure Appl Geophys PAGEOPH"},{"key":"8473_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2015.08.012","volume":"430","author":"Z Shi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shi Z, Wang G, Manga M, Wang CY (2015) Mechanism of co-seismic water level change following four great earthquakes-insights from co-seismic responses throughout the Chinese mainland. Earth Planet Sci Lett 430:66\u201374. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.epsl.2015.08.012","journal-title":"Earth Planet Sci Lett"},{"key":"8473_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40623-016-0559-1","volume":"68","author":"Y Shirahama","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shirahama Y, Yoshimi M, Awata Y, Maruyama T, Azuma T, Miyashita Y, Mori H, Imanishi K, Takeda N, Ochi T, Otsubo M, Asahina D, Miyakawa A (2016) Characteristics of the surface ruptures associated with the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence, central Kyushu, Japan. Earth Planets Space 68:1\u201312. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40623-016-0559-1","journal-title":"Earth Planets Space"},{"key":"8473_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1126\/science.269.5220.61","volume":"269","author":"U Tsunogai","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tsunogai U, Wakita H (1995) Precursory chemical changes in ground water: kobe earthquake, Japan. Science 269:61\u201363. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.269.5220.61","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"8473_CR29","unstructured":"Vesanto J, Himberg J, Alhoniemi E, Parahankangas J (2000) SOM toolbox for Matlab 5, Helsinki University of Technology report A57"},{"key":"8473_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GL034227","volume":"35","author":"CY Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang CY, Chia Y (2008) Mechanism of water level changes during earthquakes: near field versus intermediate field. Geophys Res Lett 35:1\u20135. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2008GL034227","journal-title":"Geophys Res Lett"},{"key":"8473_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444394900.ch14","volume":"15","author":"CY Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang CY, Manga M (2010) Hydrologic responses to earthquakes and a general metric. Front Geofluids 15:206\u2013216. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781444394900.ch14","journal-title":"Front Geofluids"},{"key":"8473_CR32","unstructured":"Yamazaki F, Liu W (2016) Remote sensing technologies for post-earthquake damage assessment: a case study on the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. In: 6th ASIA conference on earthquake engineering, at Cebu City, Philippines"},{"key":"8473_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.04.020","volume":"113","author":"H Yu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yu H, Song Y, Liu R, Pan H, Xiang L, Qian F (2014) Identifying changes in dissolved organic matter content and characteristics by fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with self-organizing map and classification and regression tree analysis during wastewater treatment. Chemosphere 113:79\u201386. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.04.020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"8473_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-018-7816-5","volume":"77","author":"ZQ Yu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yu ZQ, Amano H, Nakagawa K, Berndtsson R (2018) Hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in a Quaternary sediment and Cretaceous sandstone unconfined aquifer in Northwestern China. Environ Earth Sci 77:629. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-018-7816-5","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"}],"container-title":["Environmental Earth Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12665-019-8473-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12665-019-8473-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12665-019-8473-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,18]],"date-time":"2020-07-18T23:05:45Z","timestamp":1595113545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12665-019-8473-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,20]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["8473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-019-8473-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1866-6280","1866-6299"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1866-6280","type":"print"},{"value":"1866-6299","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 November 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 July 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"455"}}