{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:10:32Z","timestamp":1777500632212,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738972800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Discov Onc"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Cancer is a major global health challenge, with approximately 19.3 million new cases and 10 million deaths estimated by 2020. Laboratory advancements in cancer detection have transformed diagnostic capabilities, particularly through the use of biomarkers that play crucial roles in risk assessment, therapy selection, and disease monitoring. Tumor histology, single-cell technology, flow cytometry, molecular imaging, liquid biopsy, immunoassays, and molecular diagnostics have emerged as pivotal tools for cancer detection. The integration of artificial intelligence, particularly deep learning and convolutional neural networks, has enhanced the diagnostic accuracy and data analysis capabilities. However, developing countries face significant challenges including financial constraints, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and limited access to advanced diagnostic technologies. The impact of COVID-19 has further complicated cancer management in resource-limited settings. Future research should focus on precision medicine and early cancer diagnosis through sophisticated laboratory techniques to improve prognosis and health outcomes. This review examines the evolving landscape of cancer detection, focusing on laboratory research breakthroughs and limitations in developing countries, while providing recommendations for advancing tumor diagnostics in resource-constrained environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-01877-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T08:37:42Z","timestamp":1739003862000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Innovative laboratory techniques shaping cancer diagnosis and treatment in developing countries"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0085-5362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azeez Okikiola","family":"Lawal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2582-4420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tolutope Joseph","family":"Ogunniyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2152-5665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oriire Idunnuoluwa","family":"Oludele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3589-0427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluwaloseyi Ayomipo","family":"Olorunfemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3809-4271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olalekan John","family":"Okesanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3595-8643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerico Bautista","family":"Ogaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0579-3607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emery","family":"Manirambona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5991-4052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Mustaf","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2179-6365","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"III","given":"Don Eliseo","family":"Lucero-Prisno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"1877_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1764","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.1764","volume":"6","author":"A Pulumati","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pulumati A, Pulumati A, Dwarakanath BS, Verma A, Papineni RVL. Technological advancements in cancer diagnostics: improvements and limitations. Cancer Rep. 2023;6:e1764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cnr2.1764.","journal-title":"Cancer Rep"},{"key":"1877_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2019-0261","volume":"24","author":"SJ Nass","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nass SJ, Cohen MB, Nayar R, Zutter MM, Balogh EP, Schilsky RL, Hricak H, Elenitoba-Johnson KSJ. Improving cancer diagnosis and care: patient access to high-quality oncologic pathology. Oncologist. 2019;24:1287\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1634\/theoncologist.2019-0261.","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"1877_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Parker AL, Benguigui M, Fornetti J, Goddard E, Lucotti S, Insua-Rodr\u00edguez J, Wiegmans AP, Society ECLC of the MR. Current challenges in metastasis research and future innovation for clinical translation. ClinExp Metastasis 2022;39:263\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10585-021-10144-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-021-10144-5"},{"key":"1877_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-020-0831-9","volume":"123","author":"E Jedy-Agba","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jedy-Agba E, Joko WY, Liu B, Buziba NG, Borok M, Korir A, Masamba L, Manraj SS, Finesse A, Wabinga H, Somdyala N, Parkin DM. Trends in cervical cancer incidence in sub-Saharan Africa. Br J Cancer. 2020;123:148\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41416-020-0831-9.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"1877_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-023-01962-y","volume":"22","author":"O Omotoso","year":"2023","unstructured":"Omotoso O, Teibo JO, Atiba FA, Oladimeji T, Paimo OK, Ataya FS, Batiha GE, Alexiou A. Addressing cancer care inequities in sub-Saharan Africa: current challenges and proposed solutions. Int J Equity Health. 2023;22:189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12939-023-01962-y.","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"1877_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Omotoso O, Matariek G, Omotoso E, Matareek A, Abdul-Rafee GM, Malakar S, Chutia N. Practice of breast self-examination and knowledge of breast and cervical cancer screening: A bi-national survey in africa. AfricArXiv Preprints 2020.","DOI":"10.14293\/111.000\/000013.v1"},{"key":"1877_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.35500\/jghs.2023.5.e2","volume":"5","author":"AR Ayeni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ayeni AR, Okesanya OJ, Olaleke NO, Ologun CO, Amisu OB, Lucero-Prisno DE, Ogunwale VO, Abubakar HU, Emery M, Oso TA. Knowledge of cervical cancer, risk factors, and barriers to screening among reproductive women in Nigeria. J Glob Health Sci. 2023;5:1.","journal-title":"J Glob Health Sci"},{"key":"1877_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma R, Aashima, Nanda M, Fronterre C, Sewagudde P, Ssentongo AE, Yenney K, Arhin ND, Oh J, Amponsah-Manu F, Ssentongo P. Mapping Cancer in Africa: A Comprehensive and Comparable Characterization of 34 Cancer Types Using Estimates From GLOBOCAN 2020. Front Public Health 2022;10: 1.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.839835"},{"key":"1877_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-019-05213-6","volume":"44","author":"K Ford","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ford K, Gunawardana S, Manirambona E, Philipoh GS, Mukama B, Kanyamuhunga A, Cartledge P, Nyoni MJ, Mwaipaya D, et al. Investigating Wilms\u2019 Tumours Worldwide: A Report of the OxPLORE Collaboration\u2014A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. World J Surg. 2020;44:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00268-019-05213-6.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"1877_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s43159-022-00176-1","volume":"18","author":"E Manirambona","year":"2022","unstructured":"Manirambona E, Gunawardana S, Hathaway H, Lakhoo K, Ford K, Kanyamuhunga A. A comparison of nutritional status in patients with neuroblastoma in Rwanda and United Kingdom: a cross-sectional observational study conducted by the OxPLORE collaboration. Ann Pediatr Surg. 2022;18:39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43159-022-00176-1.","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"1877_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","volume":"68","author":"F Bray","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68:394\u2013424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21492.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"1877_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15061630","volume":"15","author":"A Ahmad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahmad A, Imran M, Ahsan H. Biomarkers as biomedical bioindicators: approaches and techniques for the detection, analysis, and validation of novel biomarkers of diseases. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15:1630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics15061630.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"1877_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.11.85","volume":"11","author":"P Hofman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hofman P. The challenges of evaluating predictive biomarkers using small biopsy tissue samples and liquid biopsies from non-small cell lung cancer patients. J Thorac Dis. 2019;11:57\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/jtd.2018.11.85.","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"1877_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e13323","volume":"9","author":"A Bodaghi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bodaghi A, Fattahi N, Ramazani A. Biomarkers: Promising and valuable tools towards diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of Covid-19 and other diseases. Heliyon. 2023;9:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e13323.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"1877_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12081021","volume":"12","author":"VK Sarhadi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sarhadi VK, Armengol G. Molecular biomarkers in cancer. Biomolecules. 2022;12:1021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom12081021.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"1877_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-016-0209-0","volume":"20","author":"J-L Ethier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ethier J-L, Amir E. The role of the 21-gene recurrence score in breast cancer treatment. MolDiagnTher. 2016;20:307\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40291-016-0209-0.","journal-title":"MolDiagnTher"},{"key":"1877_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/goaa026","volume":"8","author":"Q-H Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Q-H, Wang Y-Z, Tu J, Liu C-W, Yuan Y-J, Lin R, He W-L, Cai S-R, He Y-L, Ye J-N. Anti-EGFR therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: mechanisms and potential regimens of drug resistance. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 2020;8:179\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gastro\/goaa026.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf)"},{"key":"1877_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i5.1745","volume":"22","author":"G Lech","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lech G, S\u0142otwi\u0144ski R, S\u0142odkowski M, Krasnod\u0119bski IW. Colorectal cancer tumour markers and biomarkers: Recent therapeutic advances. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22:1745.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1877_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hasan D. Diagnostic impact of CEA and CA 15\u20133 on monitoring chemotherapy of breast cancer patients. J CircBiomark 2022;11:57\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33393\/jcb.2022.2446.","DOI":"10.33393\/jcb.2022.2446"},{"key":"1877_CR20","first-page":"16","volume":"38","author":"S Rachagiri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rachagiri S, Gupta P, Gupta N, Rohilla M, Singh N, Rajwanshi A. Detection of ALK gene rearrangements in non-small cell lung cancer by immunocytochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization on cytologic samples. Turk J Pathol. 2022;38:16.","journal-title":"Turk J Pathol"},{"key":"1877_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanif H, Ali MJ, Susheela AT, Khan IW, Luna-Cuadros MA, Khan MM, Lau DT-Y. Update on the applications and limitations of alpha-fetoprotein for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2022;28: 216.","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i2.216"},{"key":"1877_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66728","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.19271","volume":"8","author":"X Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang X, Rastogi P, Shah B, Zhang L. B lymphoblastic leukemia\/lymphoma: new insights into genetics, molecular aberrations, subclassification and targeted therapy. Oncotarget. 2017;8:66728\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.19271.","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"1877_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647541","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/647541","volume":"2014","author":"G Coppolino","year":"2014","unstructured":"Coppolino G, Bolignano D, Rivoli L, Mazza G, Presta P, Fuiano G. Tumour markers and kidney function: a systematic review. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:647541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/647541.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"1877_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12141858","volume":"12","author":"R Dada","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dada R. Redefining precision management of r\/r large B-cell lymphoma: novel antibodies take on CART and BMT in the quest for future treatment strategies. Cells. 2023;12:1858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12141858.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"1877_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"NevesRebello Alves L, DummerMeira D, PoppeMerigueti L, CorreiaCasotti M, do Prado Ventorim D, Ferreira Figueiredo Almeida J, Pereira de Sousa V, CindraSant\u2019Ana M, Gon\u00e7alvesCoutinho da Cruz R, Santos Louro L, Mendon\u00e7a Santana G, Erik Santos Louro T, Evangelista Salazar R, Ribeiro Campos da Silva D, Stefani SiqueiraZetum A, Silva dos Reis Trabach R, Imbroisi Valle Errera F, de Paula F, de Vargas Wolfgramm dos Santos E, Fagundes de Carvalho E, DrumondLouro I. Biomarkers in Breast Cancer: An Old Story with a New End. Genes (Basel) 2023;14:1364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes14071364.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14071364"},{"key":"1877_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00361-x","volume":"5","author":"JL Carter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carter JL, Hege K, Yang J, Kalpage HA, Su Y, Edwards H, H\u00fcttemann M, Taub JW, Ge Y. Targeting multiple signaling pathways: the new approach to acute myeloid leukemia therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020;5:288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-020-00361-x.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"1877_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-023-00853-2","volume":"47","author":"X Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu X, Cao D, Zhou Z, Wang Z, Zeng J, Hong W-X. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling reveals immune cell heterogeneity in acute myeloid leukaemia peripheral blood mononuclear cells after chemotherapy. Cell Oncol. 2024;47:97\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13402-023-00853-2.","journal-title":"Cell Oncol"},{"key":"1877_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.01150","volume":"10","author":"WJ Locke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Locke WJ, Guanzon D, Ma C, Liew YJ, Duesing KR, Fung KYC, Ross JP. DNA methylation cancer biomarkers: translation to the clinic. Front Genet. 2019;10:1.","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"1877_CR29","first-page":"389","volume":"64","author":"L-J Tseng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tseng L-J, Matsuyama A, MacDonald-Dickinson V. Histology: The gold standard for diagnosis? Can Vet J. 2023;64:389.","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"1877_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.32338","volume":"14","author":"AB Mohd","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohd AB, Ghannam RA, Mohd OB, Elayan R, Albakri K, Huneiti N, Daraghmeh F, Al-khatatbeh E, Al-thnaibat M. Etiologies, gross appearance, histopathological patterns, prognosis, and best treatments for subtypes of renal carcinoma: an educational review. Cureus. 2022;14: e32338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.32338.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"1877_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14786","volume":"82","author":"EA Rakha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rakha EA, Tse GM, Quinn CM. An update on the pathological classification of breast cancer. Histopathology. 2023;82:5\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/his.14786.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"1877_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25021201","volume":"25","author":"G Christyani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Christyani G, Carswell M, Qin S, Kim W. An overview of advances in rare cancer diagnosis and treatment. Int J MolSci. 2024;25:1201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25021201.","journal-title":"Int J MolSci"},{"key":"1877_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12141875","volume":"12","author":"JP Robinson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Robinson JP, Ostafe R, Iyengar SN, Rajwa B, Fischer R. Flow cytometry: the next revolution. Cells. 2023;12:1875. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12141875.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"1877_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mill\u00e1n O, Brunet M. Flow Cytometry as Platform for Biomarker Discovery and Clinical Validation. In: Preedy VR, Patel VB, editors. General Methods in Biomarker Research and their Applications, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2015, p. 141\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-007-7696-8_16.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-7696-8_16"},{"key":"1877_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P51","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-1426-1-S1-P51","volume":"1","author":"I Grenga","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grenga I, Donahue RN, Gulley JL, Heery C, Madan RA, Schlom J, Farsaci B. Flow-cytometry phenotypic assessment of immune cell subsets reflecting function for the identification of breast cancer patients receiving vaccine plus docetaxel with longer progression-free survival. J Immunother Cancer. 2013;1:P51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2051-1426-1-S1-P51.","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"1877_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16897","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160816897","volume":"16","author":"A Gross","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gross A, Schoendube J, Zimmermann S, Steeb M, Zengerle R, Koltay P. Technologies for single-cell isolation. Int J MolSci. 2015;16:16897\u2013919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms160816897.","journal-title":"Int J MolSci"},{"key":"1877_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b04077","volume":"88","author":"S Hosic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hosic S, Murthy SK, Koppes AN. microfluidic sample preparation for single cell analysis. Anal Chem. 2016;88:354\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b04077.","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"1877_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031402","volume":"23","author":"S Aliya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aliya S, Lee H, Alhammadi M, Umapathi R, Huh Y. An overview on single-cell technology for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis. Int J MolSci. 2022;23:1402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23031402.","journal-title":"Int J MolSci"},{"key":"1877_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-023-01494-6","volume":"16","author":"D Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang D, Ma N, Li X, Gou Y, Duan Y, Liu B, Xia J, Zhao X, Wang X, Li Q, Rao J, Zhang X. Advances in single-cell RNA sequencing and its applications in cancer research. J HematolOncol. 2023;16:98. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13045-023-01494-6.","journal-title":"J HematolOncol"},{"key":"1877_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15051579","volume":"15","author":"A Armakolas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Armakolas A, Kotsari M, Koskinas J. Liquid biopsies, novel approaches and future directions. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15:1579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15051579.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"1877_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-022-01351-y","volume":"15","author":"M Nikanjam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nikanjam M, Kato S, Kurzrock R. Liquid biopsy: current technology and clinical applications. J HematolOncol. 2022;15:131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13045-022-01351-y.","journal-title":"J HematolOncol"},{"key":"1877_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s40246-019-0220-8","volume":"13","author":"M Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen M, Zhao H. Next-generation sequencing in liquid biopsy: cancer screening and early detection. Hum Genomics. 2019;13:34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40246-019-0220-8.","journal-title":"Hum Genomics"},{"key":"1877_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.01.011","volume":"172","author":"F Kopp","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kopp F, Mendell JT. Functional classification and experimental dissection of long noncoding RNAs. Cell. 2018;172:393\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2018.01.011.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1877_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00566-8","volume":"24","author":"JS Mattick","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mattick JS, Amaral PP, Carninci P, Carpenter S, Chang HY, Chen L-L, Chen R, Dean C, Dinger ME, Fitzgerald KA, Gingeras TR, Guttman M, Hirose T, Huarte M, Johnson R, Kanduri C, Kapranov P, Lawrence JB, Lee JT, Mendell JT, Mercer TR, Moore KJ, Nakagawa S, Rinn JL, Spector DL, Ulitsky I, Wan Y, Wilusz JE, Wu M. Long non-coding RNAs: definitions, functions, challenges and recommendations. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2023;24:430\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-022-00566-8.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"1877_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010643","volume":"24","author":"J Rysz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rysz J, Konecki T, Franczyk B, \u0141awi\u0144ski J, Gluba-Brz\u00f3zka A. The role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma. Int J MolSci. 2022;24:643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24010643.","journal-title":"Int J MolSci"},{"key":"1877_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5077","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms11125077","volume":"11","author":"Y Yin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yin Y, Cao Y, Xu Y, Li G. Colorimetric immunoassay for detection of tumor markers. Int J MolSci. 2010;11:5077\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms11125077.","journal-title":"Int J MolSci"},{"key":"1877_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14030165","volume":"14","author":"Z Ren","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ren Z, Zhang H, Wang Z, Chen X, Yang L, Jiang H. Progress in immunoassays of toxic alkaloids in plant-derived medicines: a review. Toxins (Basel). 2022;14:165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins14030165.","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"1877_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2015.06.014","volume":"59","author":"M \u010cadkov\u00e1","year":"2015","unstructured":"\u010cadkov\u00e1 M, Dvo\u0159\u00e1kov\u00e1 V, Metelka R, B\u00edlkov\u00e1 Z, Koreck\u00e1 L. Alkaline phosphatase labeled antibody-based electrochemical biosensor for sensitive HE4 tumor marker detection. ElectrochemCommun. 2015;59:1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.elecom.2015.06.014.","journal-title":"ElectrochemCommun"},{"key":"1877_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-021-09648-w","volume":"29","author":"Y Kumar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar Y, Gupta S, Singla R, Hu Y-C. A systematic review of artificial intelligence techniques in cancer prediction and diagnosis. Arch Comput Methods Eng. 2022;29:2043\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11831-021-09648-w.","journal-title":"Arch Comput Methods Eng"},{"key":"1877_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e12431","volume":"8","author":"Y Deng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deng Y, Qin H-Y, Zhou Y-Y, Liu H-H, Jiang Y, Liu J-P, Bao J. Artificial intelligence applications in pathological diagnosis of gastric cancer. Heliyon. 2022;8:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e12431.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"1877_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3608","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15143608","volume":"15","author":"X Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang X, Hu Z, Wang S, Zhang Y. Deep learning for medical image-based cancer diagnosis. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15:3608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15143608.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"1877_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Le-Tourneau C, Kamal M, Tsimberidou A-M, Bedard P, Pierron G, Callens C, Rouleau E, Vincent-Salomon A, Servant N, Alt M, Rouzier R, Paoletti X, Delattre O, Bi\u00e8che I. Treatment Algorithms Based on Tumor Molecular Profiling: The Essence of Precision Medicine Trials. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2016;108: 362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djv362.","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djv362"},{"key":"1877_CR53","first-page":"214","volume":"10","author":"L Patel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Patel L, Parker B, Yang D, Zhang W. Translational genomics in cancer research: converting profiles into personalized cancer medicine. Cancer Biol Med. 2013;10:214.","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Med"},{"key":"1877_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3390\/s24010037","volume":"24","author":"S Das","year":"2023","unstructured":"Das S, Dey MK, Devireddy R, Gartia MR. Biomarkers in cancer detection, diagnosis, and prognosis. Sensors. 2023;24:37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24010037.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"1877_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1142\/S2339547818300020","volume":"06","author":"P Krzyszczyk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Krzyszczyk P, Acevedo A, Davidoff EJ, Timmins LM, Marrero-Berrios I, Patel M, White C, Lowe C, Sherba JJ, Hartmanshenn C, O\u2019Neill KM, Balter ML, Fritz ZR, Androulakis IP, Schloss RS, Yarmush ML. The growing role of precision and personalized medicine for cancer treatment. Technology (Singap World Sci). 2018;06:79\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S2339547818300020.","journal-title":"Technology (Singap World Sci)"},{"key":"1877_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14168","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241814168","volume":"24","author":"SA Bustin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bustin SA, Jellinger KA. Advances in molecular medicine: unravelling disease complexity and pioneering precision healthcare. Int J MolSci. 2023;24:14168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms241814168.","journal-title":"Int J MolSci"},{"key":"1877_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-007-0411-1","volume":"23","author":"DH Conrad","year":"2008","unstructured":"Conrad DH, Goyette J, Thomas PS. Proteomics as a method for early detection of cancer: a review of proteomics, exhaled breath condensate, and lung cancer screening. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23:78\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-007-0411-1.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"1877_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.606428","volume":"10","author":"I El Jaddaoui","year":"2020","unstructured":"El Jaddaoui I, Allali I, Sehli S, Ouldim K, Hamdi S, Al Idrissi N, Nejjari C, Amzazi S, Bakri Y, Ghazal H. Cancer Omics in Africa: present and prospects. Front Oncol. 2020;10:1.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"1877_CR59","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"N Arora","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arora N, Chaudhary A, Prasad A. Editorial: methods and applications in molecular diagnostics. Front MolBiosci. 2023;10:1.","journal-title":"Front MolBiosci"},{"key":"1877_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12070997","volume":"12","author":"H Satam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Satam H, Joshi K, Mangrolia U, Waghoo S, Zaidi G, Rawool S, Thakare RP, Banday S, Mishra AK, Das G, Malonia SK. Next-generation sequencing technology: current trends and advancements. Biology (Basel). 2023;12:997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology12070997.","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"1877_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022015853","volume":"140","author":"EJ Duncavage","year":"2022","unstructured":"Duncavage EJ, Bagg A, Hasserjian RP, DiNardo CD, Godley LA, Iacobucci I, Jaiswal S, Malcovati L, Vannucchi AM, Patel KP, Arber DA, Arcila ME, Bejar R, Berliner N, Borowitz MJ, Branford S, Brown AL, Cargo CA, D\u00f6hner H, Falini B, Garcia-Manero G, Haferlach T, Hellstr\u00f6m-Lindberg E, Kim AS, Klco JM, Komrokji R, Lee-CheunLoh M, Loghavi S, Mullighan CG, Ogawa S, Orazi A, Papaemmanuil E, Reiter A, Ross DM, Savona M, Shimamura A, Skoda RC, Sol\u00e9 F, Stone RM, Tefferi A, Walter MJ, Wu D, Ebert BL, Cazzola M. Genomic profiling for clinical decision making in myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia. Blood. 2022;140:2228\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2022015853.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"1877_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13122387","volume":"13","author":"IM Artika","year":"2022","unstructured":"Artika IM, Dewi YP, Nainggolan IM, Siregar JE, Antonjaya U. Real-time polymerase chain reaction: current techniques, applications, and role in COVID-19 diagnosis. Genes (Basel). 2022;13:2387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes13122387.","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"1877_CR63","first-page":"177","volume":"32","author":"C Meldrum","year":"2011","unstructured":"Meldrum C, Doyle MA, Tothill RW. Next-generation sequencing for cancer diagnostics: a practical perspective. ClinBiochem Rev. 2011;32:177.","journal-title":"ClinBiochem Rev"},{"key":"1877_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0003","volume":"13","author":"Y Xue","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xue Y, Wilcox WR. Changing paradigm of cancer therapy: precision medicine by next-generation sequencing. Cancer Biol Med. 2016;13:12.","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Med"},{"key":"1877_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3923\/ijcr.2015.150.158","volume":"11","author":"J Kang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kang J. Clinical implications of microarray in cancer medicine. Int J Cancer Res. 2015;11:150\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer Res"},{"key":"1877_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4013","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-014-7722-y","volume":"406","author":"Z Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang Z, Sweedler JV. Application of capillary electrophoresis for the early diagnosis of cancer. Anal BioanalChem. 2014;406:4013\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00216-014-7722-y.","journal-title":"Anal BioanalChem"},{"key":"1877_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"SastreTora\u00f1o J, Ramautar R, de Jong G. Advances in capillary electrophoresis for the life sciences. Journal of Chromatography B 2019;1118\u20131119:116\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jchromb.2019.04.020.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2019.04.020"},{"key":"1877_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.06.009","volume":"12","author":"M Shah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shah M, Patel N, Tripathi N, Vyas VK. Capillary electrophoresis methods for impurity profiling of drugs: a review of the past decade. J Pharm Anal. 2022;12:15\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.06.009.","journal-title":"J Pharm Anal"},{"key":"1877_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01191-x","volume":"3","author":"S Bayoumy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bayoumy S, Hyyti\u00e4 H, Leivo J, Talha SM, Huhtinen K, Poutanen M, Hynninen J, Perheentupa A, Lamminm\u00e4ki U, Gidwani K, Pettersson K. Glycovariant-based lateral flow immunoassay to detect ovarian cancer\u2013associated serum CA125. CommunBiol. 2020;3:460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-020-01191-x.","journal-title":"CommunBiol"},{"key":"1877_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-018-0471-z","volume":"34","author":"C Vitellius","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vitellius C, Laly M, Banaszuk A-S, Deherce I, Cornet N, Bertrais S, Saulnier P, Caroli-Bosc F-X. Contribution of the OC Sensor\u00ae immunoassay in comparison to the Hemoccult II\u00ae guaiac-test in organized colorectal cancer screening. Eur J Epidemiol. 2019;34:163\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-018-0471-z.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1877_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00315-9","volume":"22","author":"L Statello","year":"2021","unstructured":"Statello L, Guo C-J, Chen L-L, Huarte M. Gene regulation by long non-coding RNAs and its biological functions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2021;22:96\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-020-00315-9.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"1877_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kuo C-T, Lee H. Analytical Technology for Single-Cancer-Cell Analysis. In: Santra TS, Tseng F-G, editors. Handbook of Single Cell Technologies, Singapore: Springer Singapore; 2020, p. 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-10-4857-9_33-1.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-4857-9_33-1"},{"key":"1877_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01431-5","volume":"27","author":"S Raoof","year":"2021","unstructured":"Raoof S, Kennedy CJ, Wallach DA, Bitton A, Green RC. Molecular cancer screening: in search of evidence. Nat Med. 2021;27:1139\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-021-01431-5.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"1877_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Morganti S, Tarantino P, Ferraro E, D\u2019Amico P, Viale G, Trapani D, Duso BA, Curigliano G. Role of Next-Generation Sequencing Technologies in Personalized Medicine. In: Pravettoni G, Triberti S, editors. P5 eHealth: An Agenda for the Health Technologies of the Future, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2020, p. 125\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-27994-3_8.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-27994-3_8"},{"key":"1877_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.02.041","volume":"187","author":"A Passaro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Passaro A, Al Bakir M, Hamilton EG, Diehn M, Andr\u00e9 F, Roy-Chowdhuri S, Mountzios G, Wistuba II, Swanton C, Peters S. Cancer biomarkers: emerging trends and clinical implications for personalized treatment. Cell. 2024;187:1617\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2024.02.041.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1877_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-021-02165-7","volume":"21","author":"I Tanaka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tanaka I, Furukawa T, Morise M. The current issues and future perspective of artificial intelligence for developing new treatment strategy in non-small cell lung cancer: harmonization of molecular cancer biology and artificial intelligence. Cancer Cell Int. 2021;21:454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12935-021-02165-7.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"1877_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JTEHM.2017.2761764","volume":"5","author":"K Haney","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haney K, Tandon P, Divi R, Ossandon MR, Baker H, Pearlman PC. The role of affordable, point-of-care technologies for cancer care in low- and middle-income countries: a review and commentary. IEEE J TranslEng Health Med. 2017;5:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JTEHM.2017.2761764.","journal-title":"IEEE J TranslEng Health Med"},{"key":"1877_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marino P, Touzani R, Perrier L, Rouleau E, Kossi DS, Zhaomin Z, Charrier N, Goardon N, Preudhomme C, Durand-Zaleski I, Borget I, Baffert S, Baffert S, Barillot E, Bezieau S, Borget I, Coppin L, Descapentries C, Durand-Zaleski I, Forget S, Frebourd T, Guardiola P, Goardon N, Houdayer C, Hupe P, Lacroix L, Leclerc J, Lespagnol A, Longuemare S, Marino P, Mosser J, Odou M-F, Perrier L, Preudhomme C, Revillion F, Rouleau E, Sevenet N, Soubeyran I, Vaur D, Group: O behalf of Ngse. Cost of cancer diagnosis using next-generation sequencing targeted gene panels in routine practice: a nationwide French study. Eur J Hum Genet 2018;26:314\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41431-017-0081-3.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-017-0081-3"},{"key":"1877_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e142","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70482-5","volume":"14","author":"IO Morhason-Bello","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morhason-Bello IO, Odedina F, Rebbeck TR, Harford J, Dangou J-M, Denny L, Adewole IF. Challenges and opportunities in cancer control in Africa: a perspective from the African Organisation for Research and Training in Cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14:e142\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70482-5.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1877_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-023-02610-9","volume":"621","author":"L Nordling","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nordling L. African scientists call for research equity as a cancer crisis looms. Nature. 2023;621:16\u20137.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1877_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2019.ed93","volume":"13","author":"K Foxall","year":"2019","unstructured":"Foxall K. The current state of African oncology research publication: how to increase Africa\u2019s research impact. Ecancermedicalscience. 2019;13:1.","journal-title":"Ecancermedicalscience"},{"key":"1877_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-19-1534","volume":"29","author":"AB Mariotto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mariotto AB, Enewold L, Zhao J, Zeruto CA, Yabroff KR. Medical care costs associated with cancer survivorship in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2020;29:1304\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-19-1534.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev"},{"key":"1877_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1200\/GO.20.00294","volume":"1","author":"AE Omonisi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Omonisi AE, Liu B, Parkin DM. Population-Based Cancer Registration in Sub-Saharan Africa: Its Role in Research and Cancer Control. JCO Glob Oncol. 2020;1:1721\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/GO.20.00294.","journal-title":"JCO Glob Oncol"},{"key":"1877_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2124483","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.24483","volume":"4","author":"AR Thierry","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thierry AR, Pastor B, Pisareva E, Ghiringhelli F, Bouch\u00e9 O, De La Fouchardi\u00e8re C, Vanbockstael J, Smith D, Fran\u00e7ois E, Dos Santos M, Botsen D, Ellis S, Fonck M, Andr\u00e9 T, Guardiola E, Khemissa F, Linot B, Martin-Babau J, Rinaldi Y, Assenat E, Clavel L, Dominguez S, Gavoille C, Sefrioui D, Pezzella V, Mollevi C, Ychou M, Mazard T. Association of COVID-19 lockdown with the tumor burden in patients with newly diagnosed metastatic colorectal cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4:e2124483\u2013e2124483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.24483.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"1877_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2023.06.004","volume":"18","author":"PO Omosigho","year":"2023","unstructured":"Omosigho PO, Okesanya OJ, Olaleke NO, Eshun G, Lucero-Prisno DE. Multiple burden of infectious disease outbreaks: Implications for Africa healthcare system. J TaibahUniv Med Sci. 2023;18:1446\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtumed.2023.06.004.","journal-title":"J TaibahUniv Med Sci"},{"key":"1877_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e12091","volume":"8","author":"D Aden","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aden D, Zaheer S, Raj S. Challenges faced in the cancer diagnosis and management\u2014COVID-19 pandemic and beyond\u2014Lessons for future. Heliyon. 2022;8:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e12091.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"1877_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.5694\/mja15.00527","volume":"203","author":"JD Emery","year":"2015","unstructured":"Emery JD. The challenges of early diagnosis of cancer in general practice. Med J Aust. 2015;203:391\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/mja15.00527.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"1877_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000412","volume":"109","author":"M Sharaf","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sharaf M, Alhamad AA, Ltaief OO, Amor IB. Challenges of nanomaterials-based cancer therapy: a future destination. Int J Surg. 2023;109:1.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"1877_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-019-0833-3","volume":"12","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Li M, Gao X, Chen Y, Liu T. Nanotechnology in cancer diagnosis: progress, challenges and opportunities. J HematolOncol. 2019;12:137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13045-019-0833-3.","journal-title":"J HematolOncol"},{"key":"1877_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.29059","volume":"14","author":"C Kher","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kher C, Kumar S. The application of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in cancer diagnosis and treatment: a review. Cureus. 2022;14: e29059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.29059.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"1877_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tufail A Bin, Ma Y-K, Kaabar MKA, Mart\u00ednez F, Junejo AR, Ullah I, Khan R. Deep Learning in Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis Prediction: A Minireview on Challenges, Recent Trends, and Future Directions. Comput Math Methods Med 2021;2021: 9025470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/9025470.","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9025470"},{"key":"1877_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1200\/OP.21.00305","volume":"17","author":"CE Steuer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Steuer CE, Ramalingam SS. Advances in immunotherapy and implications for current practice in non\u2013small-cell lung cancer. JCO OncolPract. 2021;17:662\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/OP.21.00305.","journal-title":"JCO OncolPract"},{"key":"1877_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3673","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13243673","volume":"13","author":"I Gallos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gallos I, Tryfonopoulos D, Shani G, Amditis A, Haick H, Dionysiou D. Advancing colorectal cancer diagnosis with ai-powered breathomics: navigating challenges and future directions. Diagnostics. 2023;13:3673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics13243673.","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"1877_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3592","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.00505","volume":"38","author":"DR Camidge","year":"2020","unstructured":"Camidge DR, Kim HR, Ahn M-J, Yang JCH, Han J-Y, Hochmair MJ, Lee KH, Delmonte A, Garc\u00edaCampelo MR, Kim D-W, Griesinger F, Felip E, Califano R, Spira A, Gettinger SN, Tiseo M, Lin HM, Gupta N, Hanley MJ, Ni Q, Zhang P, Popat S. Brigatinib versus crizotinib in advanced ALK inhibitor-naive ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer: second interim analysis of the phase III ALTA-1L Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38:3592\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.20.00505.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1877_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J\u00e4nne PA, Riely GJ, Gadgeel SM, Heist RS, Ou S-HI, Pacheco JM, Johnson ML, Sabari JK, Leventakos K, Yau E, Bazhenova L, Negrao M V., Pennell NA, Zhang J, Anderes K, Der-Torossian H, Kheoh T, Velastegui K, Yan X, Christensen JG, Chao RC, Spira AI. Adagrasib in Non\u2013Small-Cell Lung Cancer Harboring a KRAS G12C Mutation. New England Journal of Medicine 2022;387:120\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2204619.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2204619"},{"key":"1877_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mok T, Camidge DR, Gadgeel SM, Rosell R, Dziadziuszko R, Kim D-W, P\u00e9rol M, Ou S-HI, Ahn JS, Shaw AT, Bordogna W, Smoljanovi\u0107 V, Hilton M, Ruf T, No\u00e9 J, Peters S. Updated overall survival and final progression-free survival data for patients with treatment-naive advanced ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer in the ALEX study. Ann Oncol 2020;31:1056\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.04.478.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.04.478"},{"key":"1877_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.3390\/life12121991","volume":"12","author":"AM Sebastian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sebastian AM, Peter D. Artificial intelligence in cancer research: trends. Challenges Fut Dir Life. 2022;12:1991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life12121991.","journal-title":"Challenges Fut Dir Life"}],"container-title":["Discover Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12672-025-01877-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12672-025-01877-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12672-025-01877-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T08:37:49Z","timestamp":1739003869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12672-025-01877-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1877"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12672-025-01877-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-6011"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2730-6011","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Approval from the ethics committee was not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"137"}}