{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T17:12:04Z","timestamp":1776273124618,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Discov Onc"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-02678-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T06:34:59Z","timestamp":1747809299000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association of modifiable risk factors and telomere length with five neuroendocrine neoplasms: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xujia","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingli","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuming","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuxian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengge","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinsheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2678_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21493","volume":"68","author":"M Cives","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cives M, Strosberg JR. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):471\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21493.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"10","key":"2678_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.0589","volume":"3","author":"A Dasari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dasari A, Shen C, Halperin D, et al. Trends in the incidence, prevalence, and survival outcomes in patients with neuroendocrine tumors in the United States. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(10):1335\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.0589.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2678_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00160","volume":"40","author":"A Mafficini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mafficini A, Scarpa A. Genetics and epigenetics of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Endocr Rev. 2019;40(2):506\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/er.2018-00160.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"6021","key":"2678_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1200609","volume":"331","author":"Y Jiao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jiao Y, Shi C, Edil BH, et al. DAXX\/ATRX, MEN1, and mTOR pathway genes are frequently altered in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Science. 2011;331(6021):1199\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1200609.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7643","key":"2678_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21063","volume":"543","author":"A Scarpa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Scarpa A, Chang DK, Nones K, et al. Whole-genome landscape of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Nature. 2017;543(7643):65\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature21063.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"2678_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.22.01013","volume":"41","author":"PL Kunz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kunz PL, Graham NT, Catalano PJ, et al. Randomized study of temozolomide or temozolomide and capecitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (ECOG-ACRIN E2211). J Clin Oncol. 2023;41(7):1359\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.22.01013.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2678_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1530\/erc-21-0152","volume":"29","author":"A Venizelos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Venizelos A, Elvebakken H, Perren A, et al. The molecular characteristics of high-grade gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2021;29(1):1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/erc-21-0152.","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"2678_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.23736\/s2724-6507.23.04140-4","volume":"49","author":"R Modica","year":"2024","unstructured":"Modica R, Benevento E, Liccardi A, et al. Recent advances and future challenges in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino). 2024;49(2):158\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/s2724-6507.23.04140-4.","journal-title":"Minerva Endocrinol (Torino)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2678_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1159\/000440884","volume":"103","author":"M Rinzivillo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rinzivillo M, Capurso G, Campana D, et al. Risk and protective factors for small intestine neuroendocrine tumors: a prospective case-control study. Neuroendocrinology. 2016;103(5):531\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000440884.","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2678_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.Epi-19-0465","volume":"28","author":"K Curtin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Curtin K, Cannon-Albright LA, VanDerslice J, et al. Associations of tobacco and alcohol use with risk of neuroendocrine tumors of the small intestine in Utah. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2019;28(12):1998\u20132004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1055-9965.Epi-19-0465.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2678_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105227","author":"Y Sawada","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sawada Y, Nakamura M. Daily lifestyle and cutaneous malignancies. Int J Mol Sci. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22105227.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"2678_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1097\/mpa.0000000000000234","volume":"43","author":"TR Halfdanarson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Halfdanarson TR, Bamlet WR, McWilliams RR, et al. Risk factors for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a clinic-based case-control study. Pancreas. 2014;43(8):1219\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mpa.0000000000000234.","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"issue":"2","key":"2678_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.04.010","volume":"155","author":"S Pusceddu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pusceddu S, Vernieri C, Di Maio M, et al. Metformin use is associated with longer progression-free survival of patients with diabetes and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors receiving everolimus and\/or somatostatin analogues. Gastroenterology. 2018;155(2):479-489.e7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.04.010.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2678_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-014-0446-0","volume":"48","author":"J Calissendorff","year":"2015","unstructured":"Calissendorff J, Maret E, Sundin A, Falhammar H. Ileal neuroendocrine tumors and heart: not only valvular consequences. Endocrine. 2015;48(3):743\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-014-0446-0.","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2678_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2018.04.013","volume":"67","author":"M Gallo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gallo M, Ruggeri RM, Muscogiuri G, Pizza G, Faggiano A, Colao A. Diabetes and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: Which interplays, if any? Cancer Treat Rev. 2018;67:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctrv.2018.04.013.","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"issue":"R1","key":"2678_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R89","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu328","volume":"23","author":"G Davey Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Davey Smith G, Hemani G. Mendelian randomization: genetic anchors for causal inference in epidemiological studies. Hum Mol Genet. 2014;23(R1):R89-98. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddu328.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"11","key":"2678_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3253","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2016010098","volume":"27","author":"P Sekula","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sekula P, Del Greco MF, Pattaro C, K\u00f6ttgen A. Mendelian randomization as an approach to assess causality using observational data. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016;27(11):3253\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/asn.2016010098.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2678_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyg070","volume":"32","author":"GD Smith","year":"2003","unstructured":"Smith GD, Ebrahim S. \u201cMendelian randomization\u201d: can genetic epidemiology contribute to understanding environmental determinants of disease? Int J Epidemiol. 2003;32(1):1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyg070.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2678_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"k601","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k601","volume":"362","author":"NM Davies","year":"2018","unstructured":"Davies NM, Holmes MV, Davey SG. Reading Mendelian randomisation studies: a guide, glossary, and checklist for clinicians. BMJ. 2018;362:k601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.k601.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"2678_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21758","volume":"37","author":"S Burgess","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burgess S, Butterworth A, Thompson SG. Mendelian randomization analysis with multiple genetic variants using summarized data. Genet Epidemiol. 2013;37(7):658\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gepi.21758.","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2678_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080","volume":"44","author":"J Bowden","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Burgess S. Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression. Int J Epidemiol. 2015;44(2):512\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyv080.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2678_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965","volume":"40","author":"J Bowden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Haycock PC, Burgess S. Consistent estimation in Mendelian randomization with some invalid instruments using a weighted median estimator. Genet Epidemiol. 2016;40(4):304\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gepi.21965.","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2678_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0164-2","volume":"50","author":"M Verbanck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Verbanck M, Chen CY, Neale B, Do R. Publisher Correction: detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases. Nat Genet. 2018;50(8):1196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-018-0164-2.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"2678_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx102","volume":"46","author":"FP Hartwig","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hartwig FP, Davey Smith G, Bowden J. Robust inference in summary data Mendelian randomization via the zero modal pleiotropy assumption. Int J Epidemiol. 2017;46(6):1985\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyx102.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2678_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao Q, Wang J, Hemani G, Bowden J, Small DS. Statistical inference in two-sample summary-data Mendelian randomization using robust adjusted profile score. Ann Stat. 2018.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.mr.raps"},{"issue":"5","key":"2678_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7","volume":"50","author":"M Verbanck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Verbanck M, Chen CY, Neale B, Do R. Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases. Nat Genet. 2018;50(5):693\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"8","key":"2678_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31589","volume":"143","author":"LH Katz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Katz LH, Levi Z, Twig G, et al. Risk factors associated with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in a cohort of 2.3 million Israeli adolescents. Int J Cancer. 2018;143(8):1876\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.31589.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2678_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10090293","author":"AP Santos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Santos AP, Santos AC, Castro C, et al. Visceral obesity and metabolic syndrome are associated with well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Cancers (Basel). 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers10090293.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)."},{"key":"2678_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12111057","author":"R Modica","year":"2022","unstructured":"Modica R, La Salvia A, Liccardi A, et al. Lipid metabolism and homeostasis in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms: from risk factor to potential therapeutic target. Metabolites. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/metabo12111057.","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"2678_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.649496","volume":"12","author":"L Barrea","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Modica R, et al. Cardio-metabolic indices and metabolic syndrome as predictors of clinical severity of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12: 649496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2021.649496.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2678_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.080708.082713","volume":"61","author":"DL Roberts","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roberts DL, Dive C, Renehan AG. Biological mechanisms linking obesity and cancer risk: new perspectives. Annu Rev Med. 2010;61:301\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.med.080708.082713.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"2678_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10102660","author":"M Budek","year":"2022","unstructured":"Budek M, Nuszkiewicz J, Pi\u00f3rkowska A, Czuczejko J, Szewczyk-Golec K. Inflammation related to obesity in the etiopathogenesis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Biomedicines. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines10102660.","journal-title":"Biomedicines."},{"issue":"2","key":"2678_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-008-9541-8","volume":"19","author":"CC Mottin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mottin CC, Cruz RP, Gomes Thom\u00e9 G, Padoin AV. Carcinoid tumors and morbid obesity. Obes Surg. 2009;19(2):247\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11695-008-9541-8.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2678_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-021-01715-0","volume":"45","author":"T Feola","year":"2022","unstructured":"Feola T, Puliani G, Sesti F, et al. Risk factors for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs): a three-centric case-control study. J Endocrinol Invest. 2022;45(4):849\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-021-01715-0.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"2678_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23529","volume":"123","author":"MM Hassan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hassan MM, Phan A, Li D, Dagohoy CG, Leary C, Yao JC. Risk factors associated with neuroendocrine tumors: A U.S.-based case-control study. Int J Cancer. 2008;123(4):867\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.23529.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"2678_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3034","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.466","volume":"104","author":"G Capurso","year":"2009","unstructured":"Capurso G, Falconi M, Panzuto F, et al. Risk factors for sporadic pancreatic endocrine tumors: a case-control study of prospectively evaluated patients. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104(12):3034\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ajg.2009.466.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2678_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.808448","volume":"12","author":"X Lou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lou X, Gao H, Xu X, et al. The interplay of four main pathways recomposes immune landscape in primary and metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Front Oncol. 2022;12: 808448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2022.808448.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2678_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-16-1147","volume":"23","author":"JY Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim JY, Brosnan-Cashman JA, An S, et al. Alternative lengthening of telomeres in primary pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is associated with aggressive clinical behavior and poor survival. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23(6):1598\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-16-1147.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2678_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-16-1113","volume":"23","author":"AD Singhi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singhi AD, Liu TC, Roncaioli JL, et al. Alternative lengthening of telomeres and loss of DAXX\/ATRX expression predicts metastatic disease and poor survival in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23(2):600\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-16-1113.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2678_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyl118","volume":"37","author":"Y Nishio","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nishio Y, Nakanishi K, Ozeki Y, et al. Telomere length, telomerase activity, and expressions of human telomerase mRNA component (hTERC) and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2007;37(1):16\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jjco\/hyl118.","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2678_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1134","volume":"6","author":"JY Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang JY, Peng SH, Ning XH, et al. Shorter telomere length increases age-related tumor risks in von Hippel-Lindau disease patients. Cancer Med. 2017;6(9):2131\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.1134.","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"2678_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4302675","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4302675","volume":"2021","author":"J Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang J, Liu J, He C, et al. Trends in incidence and survival of patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm, 1987\u20132016. J Oncol. 2021;2021:4302675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/4302675.","journal-title":"J Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2678_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-022-01956-7","volume":"46","author":"Z Lu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lu Z, Li T, Liu C, Zheng Y, Song J. Development and validation of a survival prediction model and risk stratification for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. J Endocrinol Invest. 2023;46(5):927\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-022-01956-7.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"}],"container-title":["Discover Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12672-025-02678-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12672-025-02678-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12672-025-02678-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T06:35:00Z","timestamp":1747809300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12672-025-02678-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2678"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12672-025-02678-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-6011"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2730-6011","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The data utilized in this study were sourced from publicly accessible databases and were managed under approved ethical exemptions.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors agreed to publication in the journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"841"}}