{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:50:20Z","timestamp":1792795820718,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Discov Onc"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-03296-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T12:21:29Z","timestamp":1759407689000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Gut microbiota and urological cancers: from microecological imbalance to potential for precision therapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengming","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinge","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongsheng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaohui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"3296_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.05852-11","volume":"50","author":"AJ Wolfe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wolfe AJ, et al. Evidence of uncultivated bacteria in the adult female bladder. J Clin Microbiol. 2012;50:1376\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.05852-11.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"3296_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2014.361","volume":"12","author":"SA Whiteside","year":"2015","unstructured":"Whiteside SA, Razvi H, Dave S, Reid G, Burton JP. The Microbiome of the urinary tract\u2013a role beyond infection. Nat Rev Urol. 2015;12:81\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrurol.2014.361.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"3296_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02876-13","volume":"52","author":"EE Hilt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hilt EE, et al. Urine is not sterile: use of enhanced urine culture techniques to detect resident bacterial flora in the adult female bladder. J Clin Microbiol. 2014;52:871\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.02876-13.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"3296_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.42.2.753-758.2004","volume":"42","author":"M Anderson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Anderson M, et al. Viable but nonculturable bacteria are present in mouse and human urine specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42:753\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.42.2.753-758.2004.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"3296_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bao Y, et al. Questions and challenges associated with studying the microbiome of the urinary tract. Ann Transl Med. 2017;5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/atm.2016.12.14.","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2016.12.14"},{"key":"3296_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lewis DA, et al. The human urinary microbiome; bacterial DNA in voided urine of asymptomatic adults. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2013;3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2013.00041.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2013.00041"},{"key":"3296_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e347341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.07.009","volume":"213","author":"MM Pearce","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pearce MM, et al. The female urinary Microbiome in urgency urinary incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213:e347341\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.07.009.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"3296_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2017.08.001","volume":"199","author":"E Shrestha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shrestha E, et al. Profiling the urinary Microbiome in men with positive versus negative biopsies for prostate cancer. J Urol. 2018;199:161\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2017.08.001.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"3296_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2017.0100","volume":"15","author":"RJ Motzer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Motzer RJ, et al. Kidney cancer, version 2.2017, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2017;15:804\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6004\/jnccn.2017.0100.","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"3296_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.03.075","volume":"23","author":"CJ Ricketts","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ricketts CJ, et al. The cancer genome atlas comprehensive molecular characterization of renal cell carcinoma. Cell Rep. 2018;23:313\u2013e326315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.03.075.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"3296_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.08.036","volume":"75","author":"U Capitanio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Capitanio U, et al. Epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2019;75:74\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.08.036.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"3296_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-018-2286-7","volume":"36","author":"SH Rossi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rossi SH, Klatte T, Usher-Smith J, Stewart GD. Epidemiology and screening for renal cancer. World J Urol. 2018;36:1341\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00345-018-2286-7.","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"3296_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2004.01.004","volume":"31","author":"R Dhote","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dhote R, Thiounn N, Debr\u00e9 B, Vidal-Trecan G. Risk factors for adult renal cell carcinoma. Urol Clin North Am. 2004;31:237\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ucl.2004.01.004.","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"key":"3296_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175883592211227","DOI":"10.1177\/17588359221122714","volume":"14","author":"J Deluce","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deluce J, Maleki Vareki S, Fernandes R. The role of gut Microbiome in immune modulation in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2022;14:17588359221122714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17588359221122714.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Med Oncol"},{"key":"3296_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.04.044","volume":"78","author":"L Derosa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Derosa L, et al. Gut bacteria composition drives primary resistance to cancer immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma patients. Eur Urol. 2020;78:195\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.04.044.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"3296_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yin Z, et al. A large genetic causal analysis of the gut microbiota and urological cancers: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Nutrients. 2023;15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15184086.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15184086"},{"key":"3296_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2021.05.008","volume":"73","author":"N Spyrou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Spyrou N, Vallianou N, Kadillari J, Dalamaga M. The interplay of obesity, gut Microbiome and diet in the immune check point inhibitors therapy era. Semin Cancer Biol. 2021;73:356\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semcancer.2021.05.008.","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"3296_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13658","volume":"19","author":"U Gophna","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gophna U, Konikoff T, Nielsen HB. Oscillospira and related bacteria - From metagenomic species to metabolic features. Environ Microbiol. 2017;19:835\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1462-2920.13658.","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"3296_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879814","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.879814","volume":"10","author":"R Osca-Verdegal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Osca-Verdegal R, et al. Use of circular RNAs in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics of renal cell carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022;10:879814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2022.879814.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"3296_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(76)90366-6","volume":"8","author":"RP Gibbons","year":"1976","unstructured":"Gibbons RP, Monte JE, Correa RJ Jr., Mason JT. Manifestations of renal cell carcinoma. Urology. 1976;8:201\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0090-4295(76)90366-6.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"3296_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.336125110","volume":"33","author":"BP Brufau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brufau BP, et al. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma: radiologic findings and assessment of response to targeted antiangiogenic therapy by using multidetector CT. Radiographics. 2013;33:1691\u2013716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.336125110.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"3296_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3125","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14998","volume":"112","author":"M Matsushita","year":"2021","unstructured":"Matsushita M, et al. The gut microbiota associated with high-Gleason prostate cancer. Cancer Sci. 2021;112:3125\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cas.14998.","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"3296_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-024-00590-7","volume":"4","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y, et al. Integration of polygenic and gut metagenomic risk prediction for common diseases. Nat Aging. 2024;4:584\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43587-024-00590-7.","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"key":"3296_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1200\/op.22.00660","volume":"19","author":"EA Singer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singer EA, Rumble RB, Van Veldhuizen PJ. Management of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: ASCO guideline Q&A. JCO Oncol Pract. 2023;19:127\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/op.22.00660.","journal-title":"JCO Oncol Pract"},{"key":"3296_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15586\/jkcvhl.v8i1.170","volume":"8","author":"WSW Choi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choi WSW, Boland J, Lin J. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2\u03b1 as a novel target in renal cell carcinoma. J Kidney Cancer VHL. 2021;8:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15586\/jkcvhl.v8i1.170.","journal-title":"J Kidney Cancer VHL"},{"key":"3296_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1712126","volume":"378","author":"RJ Motzer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Motzer RJ, et al. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus Sunitinib in advanced Renal-Cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:1277\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1712126.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3296_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1816714","volume":"380","author":"BI Rini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rini BI, et al. Pembrolizumab plus axitinib versus Sunitinib for advanced Renal-Cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:1116\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1816714.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3296_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1816047","volume":"380","author":"RJ Motzer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Motzer RJ, et al. Avelumab plus axitinib versus Sunitinib for advanced Renal-Cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:1103\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1816047.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3296_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-022-00433-7","volume":"3","author":"B Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu B, Zhang Y, Wang D, Hu X, Zhang Z. Single-cell meta-analyses reveal responses of tumor-reactive CXCL13(+) T cells to immune-checkpoint Blockade. Nat Cancer. 2022;3:1123\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43018-022-00433-7.","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"3296_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691615583131","volume":"10","author":"P Kramer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kramer P, Bressan P. Humans as superorganisms: how microbes, viruses, imprinted genes, and other selfish entities shape our behavior. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2015;10:464\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1745691615583131.","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"3296_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.19320","volume":"3","author":"HJ Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu HJ, Wu E. The role of gut microbiota in immune homeostasis and autoimmunity. Gut Microbes. 2012;3:4\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/gmic.19320.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"3296_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.12.043","volume":"75","author":"MC Markowski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Markowski MC, et al. The Microbiome and genitourinary cancer: A collaborative review. Eur Urol. 2019;75:637\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.12.043.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"3296_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan3706","volume":"359","author":"B Routy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Routy B, et al. Gut Microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1-based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors. Science. 2018;359:91\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aan3706.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3296_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan4236","volume":"359","author":"V Gopalakrishnan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gopalakrishnan V, et al. Gut Microbiome modulates response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients. Science. 2018;359:97\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aan4236.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3296_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2268982","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2023.2268982","volume":"19","author":"S Bibb\u00f2","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bibb\u00f2 S, et al. Gut microbiota and immunotherapy of renal cell carcinoma. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2023;19:2268982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21645515.2023.2268982.","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"3296_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Soldati L, et al. The influence of diet on anti-cancer immune responsiveness. J Transl Med. 2018;16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-018-1448-0.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-018-1448-0"},{"key":"3296_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12820","volume":"505","author":"LA David","year":"2014","unstructured":"David LA, et al. Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut Microbiome. Nature. 2014;505:559\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature12820.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3296_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.17598","volume":"324","author":"AT Lenis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lenis AT, Lec PM, Chamie K, Mshs MD. Bladder Cancer: Rev Jama. 2020;324:1980\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.17598.","journal-title":"Bladder Cancer: Rev Jama"},{"key":"3296_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677605","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.677605","volume":"11","author":"W Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma W, et al. Can smoking cause differences in urine Microbiome in male patients with bladder cancer?? A retrospective study. Front Oncol. 2021;11:677605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2021.677605.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"3296_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:209\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21660.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"3296_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00167","volume":"8","author":"P Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu P, et al. Profiling the urinary microbiota in male patients with bladder cancer in China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018;8:167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00167.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"3296_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-021-03924-x","volume":"40","author":"A Karam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karam A, et al. Uncovering the role of urinary microbiota in urological tumors: a systematic review of literature. World J Urol. 2022;40:951\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00345-021-03924-x.","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"3296_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004901","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004901","volume":"11","author":"O Kiraly","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kiraly O, Gong G, Olipitz W, Muthupalani S, Engelward BP. Inflammation-induced cell proliferation potentiates DNA damage-induced mutations in vivo. PLoS Genet. 2015;11:e1004901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004901.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"3296_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11042","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67443-2","volume":"10","author":"B Mansour","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mansour B, et al. Bladder cancer-related microbiota: examining differences in urine and tissue samples. Sci Rep. 2020;10:11042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-67443-2.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3296_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hussein AA, et al. Investigating the association between the urinary microbiome and bladder cancer: an exploratory study. Urol Oncol. 2021;39:370.e379\u2013370.e319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urolonc.2020.12.011.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2020.12.011"},{"key":"3296_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182322","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1182322","volume":"13","author":"JX Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun JX, Xia QD, Zhong XY, Liu Z, Wang SG. The bladder Microbiome of NMIBC and MIBC patients revealed by 2bRAD-M. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023;13:1182322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1182322.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"3296_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.22037\/uj.v20i.8036","volume":"21","author":"A Ghabousian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghabousian A, et al. The potential role of urinary microbiota in bladder carcinogenesis: A systematic review. Urol J. 2024;21:208\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22037\/uj.v20i.8036.","journal-title":"Urol J"},{"key":"3296_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07754-w","volume":"632","author":"B Roje","year":"2024","unstructured":"Roje B, et al. Gut microbiota carcinogen metabolism causes distal tissue tumours. Nature. 2024;632:1137\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-024-07754-w.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3296_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Friedrich V, Choi HW. The urinary microbiome: role in bladder cancer and treatment. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022;12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics12092068.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12092068"},{"key":"3296_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6904","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2419","volume":"8","author":"F Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu F, et al. Dysbiosis signatures of the microbial profile in tissue from bladder cancer. Cancer Med. 2019;8:6904\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.2419.","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"3296_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1097\/ju.0000000000002740","volume":"208","author":"IM McElree","year":"2022","unstructured":"McElree IM, et al. Sequential intravesical gemcitabine and docetaxel for Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin-Na\u00efve High-Risk Nonmuscle-Invasive bladder cancer. J Urol. 2022;208:589\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ju.0000000000002740.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"3296_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B2300392","volume":"25","author":"S Zeng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zeng S, Xing S, Zhang Y, Wang H, Liu Q. Nano-Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin immunotherapies for improved bladder cancer treatment. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2024;25:557\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1631\/jzus.B2300392.","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ Sci B"},{"key":"3296_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Wu Y, Li M, Zhang P. Efficacy and safety of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin therapy for intermediate- to high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients: a real-world study. Chin J Clin Urol *38*. 2023;12910\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13201\/j.issn.1001-1420.2023.12.004. (in Chinese).","DOI":"10.13201\/j.issn.1001-1420.2023.12.004"},{"key":"3296_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Piao XM, et al. A prognostic immune predictor, HLA-DRA, plays diverse roles in non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer. Urol Oncol. 2021;39:237.e221\u2013237.e229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urolonc.2020.11.017.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2020.11.017"},{"key":"3296_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Piao XM, et al. Prognostic value of BUB1 for predicting Non-Muscle-Invasive bladder cancer progression. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms222312756.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312756"},{"key":"3296_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12157","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29054-w","volume":"8","author":"V Bu\u010devi\u0107 Popovi\u0107","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bu\u010devi\u0107 Popovi\u0107 V, et al. The urinary Microbiome associated with bladder cancer. Sci Rep. 2018;8:12157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-29054-w.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3296_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.14740\/wjon1191","volume":"10","author":"P Rawla","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rawla P. Epidemiology of prostate cancer. World J Oncol. 2019;10:63\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14740\/wjon1191.","journal-title":"World J Oncol"},{"key":"3296_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","volume":"68","author":"F Bray","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bray F, et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68:394\u2013424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21492.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"3296_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811044","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.811044","volume":"10","author":"L Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang L, et al. Prostate cancer incidence and mortality: global status and Temporal trends in 89 countries from 2000 to 2019. Front Public Health. 2022;10:811044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.811044.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"3296_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pernar CH, Ebot EM, Wilson KM, Mucci LA. The epidemiology of prostate cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2018;8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a030361.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a030361"},{"key":"3296_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2017.167","volume":"15","author":"KS Sfanos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sfanos KS, Yegnasubramanian S, Nelson WG, De Marzo AM. The inflammatory microenvironment and Microbiome in prostate cancer development. Nat Rev Urol. 2018;15:11\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrurol.2017.167.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"3296_CR62","first-page":"3","volume":"1","author":"KS Sfanos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sfanos KS, Isaacs WB, De Marzo AM. Infections and inflammation in prostate cancer. Am J Clin Exp Urol. 2013;1:3\u201311.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Exp Urol"},{"key":"3296_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-024-12018-x","volume":"24","author":"H Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang H, et al. Gut microbiota in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer. 2024;24:261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-024-12018-x.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"3296_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02137-1","volume":"23","author":"L Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen L, et al. Prostate cancer microenvironment: multidimensional regulation of immune cells, vascular system, stromal cells, and microbiota. Mol Cancer. 2024;23:229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12943-024-02137-1.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"3296_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2024.01.025","volume":"85","author":"D Feng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feng D, Wang J, Wu R, Li D, Re. Immune system and intestinal microbiota determine efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy against prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2024;85:498\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2024.01.025.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"3296_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-018-0041-1","volume":"21","author":"CM Porter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Porter CM, Shrestha E, Peiffer LB, Sfanos KS. The Microbiome in prostate inflammation and prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2018;21:345\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41391-018-0041-1.","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"key":"3296_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.20680","volume":"68","author":"KS Sfanos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sfanos KS, et al. A molecular analysis of prokaryotic and viral DNA sequences in prostate tissue from patients with prostate cancer indicates the presence of multiple and diverse microorganisms. Prostate. 2008;68:306\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pros.20680.","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"3296_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yow MA, et al. Characterisation of microbial communities within aggressive prostate cancer tissues. Infect Agent Cancer. 2017;12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13027-016-0112-7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13027-016-0112-7"},{"key":"3296_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.03.029","volume":"72","author":"I Cavarretta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cavarretta I, et al. The Microbiome of the prostate tumor microenvironment. Eur Urol. 2017;72:625\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.03.029.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"3296_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3443","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810473106","volume":"106","author":"KS Sfanos","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sfanos KS, Wilson BA, De Marzo AM, Isaacs WB. Acute inflammatory proteins constitute the organic matrix of prostatic corpora amylacea and calculi in men with prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:3443\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0810473106.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"3296_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.09.002","volume":"21","author":"SA Hall","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hall SA, et al. Are Statin medications associated with lower urinary tract symptoms in men and women? Results from the Boston area community health (BACH) survey. Ann Epidemiol. 2011;21:149\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.09.002.","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"3296_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.149088","volume":"127","author":"K Moissoglu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moissoglu K, et al. Regulation of Rac1 translocation and activation by membrane domains and their boundaries. J Cell Sci. 2014;127:2565\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jcs.149088.","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"3296_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks419","volume":"68","author":"KB Pouwels","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pouwels KB, Visser ST, Hak E. Effect of Pravastatin and Fosinopril on recurrent urinary tract infections. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013;68:708\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dks419.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"3296_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.5414\/cn107216","volume":"77","author":"R F\u00fcnfst\u00fcck","year":"2012","unstructured":"F\u00fcnfst\u00fcck R, Nicolle LE, Hanefeld M, Naber KG. Urinary tract infection in patients with diabetes mellitus. Clin Nephrol. 2012;77:40\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5414\/cn107216.","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"3296_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2147\/dmso.S51792","volume":"8","author":"O Nitzan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nitzan O, Elias M, Chazan B, Saliba W. Urinary tract infections in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: review of prevalence, diagnosis, and management. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2015;8:129\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/dmso.S51792.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"3296_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-024-03063-2","volume":"43","author":"W Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu W, et al. Icaritin-curcumol activates CD8(+) T cells through regulation of gut microbiota and the DNMT1\/IGFBP2 axis to suppress the development of prostate cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2024;43:149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13046-024-03063-2.","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"3296_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100928","volume":"43","author":"Y Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Y, Zhou Q, Ye F, Yang C, Jiang H. Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids promote prostate cancer progression via inducing cancer cell autophagy and M2 macrophage polarization. Neoplasia. 2023;43:100928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100928.","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"3296_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3431","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45332-w","volume":"15","author":"G Lachance","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lachance G, et al. The gut microbiome-prostate cancer crosstalk is modulated by dietary polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids. Nat Commun. 2024;15:3431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-45332-w.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3296_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16891","author":"QY Loo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Loo QY, et al. Impact of positive glucose, lactose, and Fructose hydrogen breath tests on symptoms and quality of life in irritable bowel syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.16891.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"3296_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01289-w","volume":"10","author":"W Zhong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhong W, et al. Gut dysbiosis promotes prostate cancer progression and docetaxel resistance via activating NF-\u03baB-IL6-STAT3 axis. Microbiome. 2022;10:94. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-022-01289-w.","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"3296_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679712","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.679712","volume":"11","author":"Y Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu Y, Yang C, Zhang Z, Jiang H. Gut microbiota dysbiosis accelerates prostate cancer progression through increased LPCAT1 expression and enhanced DNA repair pathways. Front Oncol. 2021;11:679712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2021.679712.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"3296_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-024-12167-z","volume":"24","author":"X You","year":"2024","unstructured":"You X, et al. Astragaloside IV-PESV inhibits prostate cancer tumor growth by restoring gut microbiota and microbial metabolic homeostasis via the AGE-RAGE pathway. BMC Cancer. 2024;24:472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-024-12167-z.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"3296_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hossain MS, et al. Colorectal cancer: A review of carcinogenesis, global epidemiology, current challenges, risk factors, preventive and treatment strategies. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers14071732.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14071732"},{"key":"3296_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf8403","volume":"374","author":"N Pernigoni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pernigoni N, et al. Commensal bacteria promote endocrine resistance in prostate cancer through androgen biosynthesis. Science. 2021;374:216\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abf8403.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3296_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Terrisse S, et al. Immune system and intestinal microbiota determine efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy against prostate cancer. J Immunother Cancer. 2022;10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jitc-2021-004191.","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-004191"},{"key":"3296_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yu Y, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila metabolite inosine inhibits castration resistance in prostate cancer. Microorganisms. 2024;12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12081653.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12081653"},{"key":"3296_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1240537","volume":"342","author":"S Viaud","year":"2013","unstructured":"Viaud S, et al. The intestinal microbiota modulates the anticancer immune effects of cyclophosphamide. Science. 2013;342:971\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1240537.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3296_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-023-2634-7","volume":"68","author":"SS Jiang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jiang SS, Kang ZR, Chen YX, Fang JY. The gut Microbiome modulate response to immunotherapy in cancer. Sci China Life Sci. 2025;68:381\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11427-023-2634-7.","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"key":"3296_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.20","volume":"14","author":"JL Alexander","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alexander JL, et al. Gut microbiota modulation of chemotherapy efficacy and toxicity. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;14:356\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.20.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"3296_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105246","volume":"106","author":"J Iacovacci","year":"2024","unstructured":"Iacovacci J, et al. Intestinal microbiota composition is predictive of radiotherapy-induced acute Gastrointestinal toxicity in prostate cancer patients. EBioMedicine. 2024;106:105246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105246.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"3296_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2023.109950","volume":"189","author":"W Danckaert","year":"2023","unstructured":"Danckaert W, et al. Microbiome and metabolome dynamics during radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Radiother Oncol. 2023;189:109950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radonc.2023.109950.","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"3296_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4950","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb44100336","volume":"44","author":"A Fernandes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fernandes A, et al. Effect of Radium-223 on the gut microbiota of prostate cancer patients: A pilot case series study. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2022;44:4950\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cimb44100336.","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"3296_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20727","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6636","volume":"12","author":"BS Jang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jang BS, Chung MG, Lee DS. Association between gut microbial change and acute Gastrointestinal toxicity in patients with prostate cancer receiving definitive radiation therapy. Cancer Med. 2023;12:20727\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.6636.","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"3296_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao3290","volume":"359","author":"V Matson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matson V, et al. The commensal Microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients. Science. 2018;359:104\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aao3290.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3296_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2022.100822","volume":"32","author":"LB Peiffer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peiffer LB, et al. Composition of Gastrointestinal microbiota in association with treatment response in individuals with metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer progressing on enzalutamide and initiating treatment with anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab). Neoplasia. 2022;32:100822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neo.2022.100822.","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"3296_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104163","volume":"82","author":"X Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li X, Zhang S, Guo G, Han J, Yu J. Gut Microbiome in modulating immune checkpoint inhibitors. EBioMedicine. 2022;82:104163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104163.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"3296_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1906.06064","volume":"29","author":"SK Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim SK, et al. Role of probiotics in human gut Microbiome-Associated diseases. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019;29:1335\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4014\/jmb.1906.06064.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"3296_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/s0924-8579(00)00322-8","volume":"16","author":"B Mombelli","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mombelli B, Gismondo MR. The use of probiotics in medical practice. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2000;16:531\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0924-8579(00)00322-8.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"2","key":"3296_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114510003363","volume":"104","author":"M Roberfroid","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roberfroid M, et al. Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits. Br J Nutr. 2010;104(2):1\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0007114510003363.","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"3296_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15666","volume":"114","author":"M Miyake","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miyake M, et al. Probiotics enhances anti-tumor immune response induced by gemcitabine plus cisplatin chemotherapy for urothelial cancer. Cancer Sci. 2023;114:1118\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cas.15666.","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"3296_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218386","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1218386","volume":"14","author":"H Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li H, et al. Impact of concomitant medications on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors: an umbrella review. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1218386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1218386.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3296_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3933","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2019.10593","volume":"20","author":"D Moon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moon D, Kim J, Yoon SP. Yeast extract inhibits the proliferation of renal cell carcinoma cells via regulation of iron metabolism. Mol Med Rep. 2019;20:3933\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/mmr.2019.10593.","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"3296_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ebrahimi H, et al. Prevalence of dietary modification and supplement use in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma receiving systemic therapy. Nutrients. 2024;16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16111630.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111630"},{"key":"3296_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.3569","volume":"10","author":"N Dizman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dizman N, et al. Randomized trial assessing impact of probiotic supplementation on gut Microbiome and clinical outcome from targeted therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Med. 2021;10:79\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.3569.","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"3296_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.09.031","volume":"179","author":"S Naito","year":"2008","unstructured":"Naito S, et al. Prevention of recurrence with epirubicin and Lactobacillus casei after transurethral resection of bladder cancer. J Urol. 2008;179:485\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2007.09.031.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"3296_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bajic P, Wolfe AJ, Gupta GN. The urinary microbiome: implications in bladder cancer pathogenesis and therapeutics. Urology. 2019;126:10\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2018.12.034.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2018.12.034"},{"key":"3296_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23001","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23001","volume":"6","author":"N Harada","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harada N, et al. Castration influences intestinal microflora and induces abdominal obesity in high-fat diet-fed mice. Sci Rep. 2016;6:23001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep23001.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3296_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-018-0061-x","volume":"21","author":"KS Sfanos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sfanos KS, et al. Compositional differences in Gastrointestinal microbiota in prostate cancer patients treated with androgen axis-targeted therapies. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2018;21:539\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41391-018-0061-x.","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"key":"3296_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4822","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18649-5","volume":"11","author":"BA Daisley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Daisley BA, et al. Abiraterone acetate preferentially enriches for the gut commensal Akkermansia muciniphila in castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients. Nat Commun. 2020;11:4822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-18649-5.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3296_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112137-20220822-01789","volume":"103","author":"JY Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu JY, Zhu YP, Han BM, Xia SJ. [Effects of androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer on gut microbiota and treatment]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2023;103:84\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.cn112137-20220822-01789.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"3296_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-020-00836-x","volume":"18","author":"CK Then","year":"2020","unstructured":"Then CK, Paillas S, Wang X, Hampson A, Kiltie AE. Association of bacteroides acidifaciens relative abundance with high-fibre diet-associated radiosensitisation. BMC Biol. 2020;18:102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12915-020-00836-x.","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"3296_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Then CK, et al. Dietary fibre supplementation enhances radiotherapy tumour control and alleviates intestinal radiation toxicity. Microbiome. 2024;12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-024-01804-1.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-024-01804-1"},{"key":"3296_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.6133\/apjcn.202007_29(2).0022","volume":"29","author":"C He","year":"2020","unstructured":"He C, et al. Gut microbial composition changes in bladder cancer patients: A case-control study in harbin, China. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2020;29:395\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6133\/apjcn.202007_29(2).0022.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3296_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S52","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.423","volume":"105","author":"NJ Davies","year":"2011","unstructured":"Davies NJ, Batehup L, Thomas R. The role of diet and physical activity in breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer survivorship: a review of the literature. Br J Cancer. 2011;105(Suppl 1):S52\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bjc.2011.423.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"3296_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000169487.49018.73","volume":"174","author":"D Ornish","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ornish D, et al. Intensive lifestyle changes May affect the progression of prostate cancer. J Urol. 2005;174:1065\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ju.0000169487.49018.73. discussion 1069\u20131070.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"3296_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2020.1869277","volume":"74","author":"LE Griffin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Griffin LE, et al. Microbial metabolites of flavanols in urine are associated with enhanced Anti-Proliferative activity in bladder cancer cells in vitro. Nutr Cancer. 2022;74:194\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01635581.2020.1869277.","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"key":"3296_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.22900","volume":"75","author":"A Naiki-Ito","year":"2015","unstructured":"Naiki-Ito A, et al. Ellagic acid, a component of pomegranate fruit juice, suppresses androgen-dependent prostate carcinogenesis via induction of apoptosis. Prostate. 2015;75:151\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pros.22900.","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"3296_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-019-00776-0","volume":"75","author":"FM Chaves","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chaves FM, et al. Pomegranate juice and Peel extracts are able to inhibit proliferation, migration and colony formation of prostate cancer cell lines and modulate the Akt\/mTOR\/S6K signaling pathway. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2020;75:54\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11130-019-00776-0.","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum Nutr"},{"key":"3296_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09897.x","volume":"107","author":"S Hori","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hori S, Butler E, McLoughlin J. Prostate cancer and diet: food for thought? BJU Int. 2011;107:1348\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09897.x.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"3296_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188520","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1188520","volume":"14","author":"JW Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang JW, Wan S, Li KP, Chen SY, Yang L. Gut and urinary microbiota: the causes and potential treatment measures of renal cell carcinoma. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1188520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1188520.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3296_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-024-01508-7","volume":"26","author":"I Isali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Isali I, et al. Current trends and challenges of Microbiome research in bladder cancer. Curr Oncol Rep. 2024;26:292\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11912-024-01508-7.","journal-title":"Curr Oncol Rep"},{"key":"3296_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-022-03329-8","volume":"72","author":"M Ninkov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ninkov M, et al. Improved MAIT cell functions following fecal microbiota transplantation for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2023;72:1247\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00262-022-03329-8.","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"3296_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4333","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18127-y","volume":"11","author":"G Ianiro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ianiro G, et al. Faecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of diarrhoea induced by tyrosine-kinase inhibitors in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Nat Commun. 2020;11:4333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-18127-y.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3296_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5286","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-15-0724","volume":"21","author":"SK Pal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pal SK, et al. Stool bacteriomic profiling in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma receiving vascular endothelial growth Factor-Tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res. 2015;21:5286\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-15-0724.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"3296_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03372-8","volume":"24","author":"B Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang B, et al. Gut microbiota parabacteroides distasonis enchances the efficacy of immunotherapy for bladder cancer by activating anti-tumor immune responses. BMC Microbiol. 2024;24:237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-024-03372-8.","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"3296_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-024-03073-6","volume":"43","author":"G Lin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lin G, et al. Role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of castration-resistant prostate cancer: a comprehensive study using sequencing and animal models. Oncogene. 2024;43:2373\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41388-024-03073-6.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"3296_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-023-00795-2","volume":"20","author":"N Pernigoni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pernigoni N, et al. The potential role of the microbiota in prostate cancer pathogenesis and treatment. Nat Rev Urol. 2023;20:706\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41585-023-00795-2.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"3296_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.164","volume":"108","author":"M Schwartz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schwartz M, Gluck M, Koon S. Norovirus gastroenteritis after fecal microbiota transplantation for treatment of clostridium difficile infection despite asymptomatic donors and lack of sick contacts. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108:1367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ajg.2013.164.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"3296_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.5980\/jpnjurol1989.85.655","volume":"85","author":"K Tomita","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tomita K, et al. [Influence of Lactobacillus casei on rat bladder carcinogenesis]. Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi. 1994;85:655\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5980\/jpnjurol1989.85.655.","journal-title":"Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"3296_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)38481-1","volume":"145","author":"CP Davis","year":"1991","unstructured":"Davis CP, Cohen MS, Hackett RL, Anderson MD, Warren MM. Urothelial hyperplasia and neoplasia. III. Detection of Nitrosamine production with different bacterial genera in chronic urinary tract infections of rats. J Urol. 1991;145:875\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)38481-1.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"3296_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-018-0055-4","volume":"15","author":"C Pettenati","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pettenati C, Ingersoll MA. Mechanisms of BCG immunotherapy and its outlook for bladder cancer. Nat Rev Urol. 2018;15:615\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41585-018-0055-4.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"3296_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1240527","volume":"342","author":"N Iida","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iida N, et al. Commensal bacteria control cancer response to therapy by modulating the tumor microenvironment. Science. 2013;342:967\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1240527.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3296_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1172\/jci32205","volume":"117","author":"CM Paulos","year":"2007","unstructured":"Paulos CM, et al. Microbial translocation augments the function of adoptively transferred self\/tumor-specific CD8\u2009+\u2009T cells via TLR4 signaling. J Clin Invest. 2007;117:2197\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci32205.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"3296_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3403","volume":"10","author":"GR Drummond","year":"2011","unstructured":"Drummond GR, Selemidis S, Griendling KK, Sobey CG. Combating oxidative stress in vascular disease: NADPH oxidases as therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2011;10:453\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrd3403.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"}],"container-title":["Discover Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12672-025-03296-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12672-025-03296-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12672-025-03296-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T12:21:32Z","timestamp":1759407692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12672-025-03296-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"references-count":134,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3296"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12672-025-03296-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-6011"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2730-6011","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1799"}}