{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T04:34:09Z","timestamp":1780374849061,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"The demonstration project of Technological Innovation of Hubei Province","award":["2022BCE031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022BCE031"]}]},{"name":"Yichang Medical and Health Research Project","award":["A22-2-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A22-2-003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Discov Onc"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-03659-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T09:48:50Z","timestamp":1761040130000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association of antipsychotic drug target genes and risk of lung cancer: a Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangming","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaqian","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3659_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209\u201349.","journal-title":"Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"9","key":"3659_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000630","volume":"10","author":"WD Travis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Travis WD, Brambilla E, Nicholson AG, et al. The 2015 world health organization classification of lung tumors: impact of Genetic, clinical and radiologic advances since the 2004 classification. J Thorac Oncology: Official Publication Int Association Study Lung Cancer. 2015;10(9):1243\u201360.","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncology: Official Publication Int Association Study Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"10125","key":"3659_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33326-3","volume":"391","author":"C Allemani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Allemani C, Matsuda T, Di Carlo V, et al. Global surveillance of trends in cancer survival 2000-14 (CONCORD-3): analysis of individual records for 37\u2008513\u2008025 patients diagnosed with one of 18 cancers from 322 population-based registries in 71 countries. Lancet (London England). 2018;391(10125):1023\u201375.","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"issue":"10","key":"3659_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00241-8","volume":"8","author":"H Taipale","year":"2021","unstructured":"Taipale H, Solmi M, L\u00e4hteenvuo M, Tanskanen A, Correll CU, Tiihonen J. Antipsychotic use and risk of breast cancer in women with schizophrenia: a nationwide nested case-control study in Finland. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8(10):883\u201391.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"3659_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.11468","volume":"318","author":"D Hui","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hui D, Frisbee-Hume S, Wilson A, et al. Effect of lorazepam with haloperidol vs haloperidol alone on agitated delirium in patients with advanced cancer receiving palliative care: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017;318(11):1047\u201356.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"3659_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12242","volume":"42","author":"J Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li J, Tang F, Si S, Xue F. Association between antipsychotic agents and risk of lung cancer: a nested case-control study. Cancer Commun (London England). 2022;42(2):175\u20138.","journal-title":"Cancer Commun (London England)"},{"issue":"7","key":"3659_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.32625","volume":"15","author":"C Dong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dong C, Chen Y, Li H, et al. The antipsychotic agent flupentixol is a new PI3K inhibitor and potential anticancer drug for lung cancer. Int J Biol Sci. 2019;15(7):1523\u201332.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"3659_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201207-1180OC","volume":"186","author":"CT Yeh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yeh CT, Wu AT, Chang PM, et al. Trifluoperazine, an antipsychotic agent, inhibits cancer stem cell growth and overcomes drug resistance of lung cancer. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;186(11):1180\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"3659_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeong JY, Park H, Yoo H et al. Trifluoperazine and its analog suppressed the tumorigenicity of Non-Small cell lung cancer cell; applicability of antipsychotic drugs to lung cancer treatment. Biomedicines 2022;10(5).","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10051046"},{"key":"3659_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109598","volume":"121","author":"Q Xue","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xue Q, Liu Z, Feng Z, et al. Penfluridol: an antipsychotic agent suppresses lung cancer cell growth and metastasis by inducing G0\/G1 arrest and apoptosis. Biomed pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine Pharmacotherapie. 2020;121:109598.","journal-title":"Biomed pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine Pharmacotherapie"},{"issue":"11","key":"3659_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3253","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016010098","volume":"27","author":"P Sekula","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sekula P, Del Greco MF, Pattaro C, K\u00f6ttgen A. Mendelian randomization as an approach to assess causality using observational data. J Am Soc Nephrology: JASN. 2016;27(11):3253\u201365.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrology: JASN"},{"issue":"4","key":"3659_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1346","volume":"10","author":"J Bowden","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bowden J, Holmes MV. Meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization: A review. Res Synthesis Methods. 2019;10(4):486\u201396.","journal-title":"Res Synthesis Methods"},{"key":"3659_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321445","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1321445","volume":"14","author":"X Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou X, Liu Q, Liu S, et al. Genetic prediction of the causal relationship between schizophrenia and tumors: a Mendelian randomized study. Front Oncol. 2024;14:1321445.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"3659_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258015","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1258015","volume":"13","author":"K Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou K, Zhu L, Chen N, et al. Causal associations between schizophrenia and cancers risk: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Oncol. 2023;13:1258015.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"3659_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338481","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1338481","volume":"15","author":"S Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen S, Du Z, Qin Y, et al. Causal effects between personality and psychiatric traits and lung cancer: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization and bibliometric study. Front Psychiatry. 2024;15:1338481.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"3659_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.122","volume":"380","author":"S Tan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tan S, Zhao N, Fu Q, et al. Common genetic basis and causality between central nervous system disease and cancer. J Affect Disord. 2025;380:347\u201356.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"3659_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367858","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1367858","volume":"15","author":"X Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu X, Ye R, Jiang X, Zhang J. Smoking as a mediator in the association between major depressive disorder and schizophrenia on lung cancer risk: a bidirectional\/multivariable and mediation Mendelian randomization study. Front Psychiatry. 2024;15:1367858.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"3659_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.04.080","volume":"356","author":"J Shi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shi J, Wen W, Long J, Gamazon ER, Tao R, Cai Q. Genetic correlation and causal associations between psychiatric disorders and lung cancer risk. J Affect Disord. 2024;356:647\u201356.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"3659_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70467","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70467","volume":"15","author":"Z Yin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yin Z, Zhan Z, Qiu Y, et al. Exploring the relationship between antipsychotic drug target genes and epilepsy: evidence from food and drug administration adverse event reporting system database and Mendelian randomization. Brain Behav. 2025;15(4):e70467.","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"3659_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.64461","volume":"31","author":"T Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li T, Hu K, Ye L, et al. Association of antipsychotic drugs with venous thromboembolism: data mining of food and drug administration adverse event reporting system and Mendelian randomization analysis. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2024;31(4):396\u2013418.","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"issue":"D1","key":"3659_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1265","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad976","volume":"52","author":"C Knox","year":"2024","unstructured":"Knox C, Wilson M, Klinger CM, et al. DrugBank 6.0: the drugbank knowledgebase for 2024. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024;52(D1):D1265\u201375.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"3659_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00913-z","volume":"53","author":"U Vosa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vosa U, Claringbould A, Westra HJ, et al. Large-scale cis- and trans-eQTL analyses identify thousands of genetic loci and polygenic scores that regulate blood gene expression. Nat Genet. 2021;53(9):1300\u201310.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"3659_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00913-z","volume":"53","author":"U V\u00f5sa","year":"2021","unstructured":"V\u00f5sa U, Claringbould A, Westra HJ, et al. Large-scale cis- and trans-eQTL analyses identify thousands of genetic loci and polygenic scores that regulate blood gene expression. Nat Genet. 2021;53(9):1300\u201310.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"10299","key":"3659_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00312-3","volume":"398","author":"AA Thai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thai AA, Solomon BJ, Sequist LV, Gainor JF, Heist RS. Lung cancer. Lancet. 2021;398(10299):535\u201354.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"16","key":"3659_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3443","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-20-0985","volume":"80","author":"SH Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin SH, Brown DW, Machiela MJ. LDtrait: an online tool for identifying published phenotype associations in linkage disequilibrium. Cancer Res. 2020;80(16):3443\u20136.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"3659_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt179","volume":"42","author":"MJ Brion","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brion MJ, Shakhbazov K, Visscher PM. Calculating statistical power in Mendelian randomization studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2013;42(5):1497\u2013501.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3659_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3002","volume":"46","author":"Y Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang Y, McKay JD, Rafnar T, et al. Rare variants of large effect in BRCA2 and CHEK2 affect risk of lung cancer. Nat Genet. 2014;46(7):736\u201341.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"22","key":"3659_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4980","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/dds334","volume":"21","author":"MN Timofeeva","year":"2012","unstructured":"Timofeeva MN, Hung RJ, Rafnar T, et al. Influence of common genetic variation on lung cancer risk: meta-analysis of 14 900 cases and 29 485 controls. Hum Mol Genet. 2012;21(22):4980\u201395.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"3659_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dju061","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dju061","volume":"106","author":"SL Park","year":"2014","unstructured":"Park SL, Fesinmeyer MD, Timofeeva M, et al. Pleiotropic associations of risk variants identified for other cancers with lung cancer risk: the PAGE and TRICL consortia. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;106(4):dju061.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"1","key":"3659_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-16-0106","volume":"26","author":"CI Amos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amos CI, Dennis J, Wang Z, et al. The oncoarray consortium: A network for Understanding the genetic architecture of common cancers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2017;26(1):126\u201335.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"7","key":"3659_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3892","volume":"49","author":"JD McKay","year":"2017","unstructured":"McKay JD, Hung RJ, Han Y, et al. Large-scale association analysis identifies new lung cancer susceptibility loci and heterogeneity in genetic susceptibility across histological subtypes. Nat Genet. 2017;49(7):1126\u201332.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"3659_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elsworth BL, Lyon MS, Alexander T, Liu Y, Hemani G. The MRC IEU OpenGWAS data infrastructure. Cold Spring Harbor Lab 2020.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.08.10.244293"},{"key":"3659_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hemani G, Zheng J, Elsworth B et al. The MR-Base platform supports systematic causal inference across the human phenome. Elife 2018;7.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34408"},{"issue":"5","key":"3659_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3538","volume":"48","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhu Z, Zhang F, Hu H, et al. Integration of summary data from GWAS and eQTL studies predicts complex trait gene targets. Nat Genet. 2016;48(5):481\u20137.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"3659_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28162","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28162","volume":"95","author":"S Krishnamoorthy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Krishnamoorthy S, Li GH, Cheung CL. Transcriptome-wide summary data-based Mendelian randomization analysis reveals 38 novel genes associated with severe COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2023;95(1):e28162.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"3659_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2018.00051","volume":"5","author":"A Teumer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Teumer A. Common methods for performing Mendelian randomization. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2018;5:51.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"3659_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt084","volume":"178","author":"BL Pierce","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pierce BL, Burgess S. Efficient design for Mendelian randomization studies: subsample and 2-sample instrumental variable estimators. Am J Epidemiol. 2013;178(7):1177\u201384.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"R2","key":"3659_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R195","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy163","volume":"27","author":"G Hemani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hemani G, Bowden J, Davey Smith G. Evaluating the potential role of Pleiotropy in Mendelian randomization studies. Hum Mol Genet. 2018;27(R2):R195\u2013208.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"3659_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965","volume":"40","author":"J Bowden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Haycock PC, Burgess S. Consistent Estimation in Mendelian randomization with some invalid instruments using a weighted median estimator. Genet Epidemiol. 2016;40(4):304\u201314.","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3659_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080","volume":"44","author":"J Bowden","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Burgess S. Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect Estimation and bias detection through Egger regression. Int J Epidemiol. 2015;44(2):512\u201325.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"3659_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burgess S, Bowden J, Fall T, Ingelsson E, Thompson SG. Sensitivity analyses for robust causal inference from Mendelian randomization analyses with multiple genetic variants. 2017;28(1):30\u201342.","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000559"},{"issue":"1","key":"3659_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20885-8","volume":"12","author":"CN Foley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Foley CN, Staley JR, Breen PG, et al. A fast and efficient colocalization algorithm for identifying shared genetic risk factors across multiple traits. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):764.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"3659_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1008720","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008720","volume":"16","author":"C Wallace","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wallace C. Eliciting priors and relaxing the single causal variant assumption in colocalisation analyses. PLoS Genet. 2020;16(4):e1008720.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"3659_CR44","unstructured":"Gordon M, Lumley T, forestplot. Advanced Forest Plot Using \u2018grid\u2019 Graphics. 2016."},{"issue":"8","key":"3659_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6408","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.26577","volume":"119","author":"N Gholipour","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gholipour N, Ohradanova-Repic A, Ahangari G. A novel report of MiR-4301 induces cell apoptosis by negatively regulating DRD2 expression in human breast cancer cells. J Cell Biochem. 2018;119(8):6408\u201317.","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"11","key":"3659_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3941","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr-22-783","volume":"11","author":"A Rosas-Cruz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rosas-Cruz A, Salinas-Jazm\u00edn N, Vald\u00e9s-Rives A, Velasco-Vel\u00e1zquez MA. DRD1 and DRD4 are differentially expressed in breast tumors and breast cancer stem cells: Pharmacological implications. Translational Cancer Res. 2022;11(11):3941\u201350.","journal-title":"Translational Cancer Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"3659_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6529","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-023-08541-y","volume":"50","author":"O Amjadi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Amjadi O, Hedayatizadeh-Omran A, Zaboli E, Ghaffari-Hamedani MM, Janbabaei G, Ahangari G. Dopamine receptors gene overexpression in the microenvironment of invasive gastric cancer and its potential implications. Mol Biol Rep. 2023;50(8):6529\u201342.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"3659_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.27780","volume":"10","author":"X Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang X, Wang ZB, Luo C, et al. The prospective value of dopamine receptors on Bio-Behavior of tumor. J Cancer. 2019;10(7):1622\u201332.","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"key":"3659_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen YT, Wu AT, Bamodu OA et al. A novel Multi-Target small Molecule, LCC-09, inhibits stemness and Therapy-Resistant phenotypes of glioblastoma cells by increasing miR-34a and deregulating the DRD4\/Akt\/mTOR signaling axis. Cancers 2019;11(10).","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11101442"},{"issue":"8","key":"3659_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-020-02816-0","volume":"70","author":"Q Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu Q, Zhang R, Zhang X, et al. Dopamine improves chemotherapeutic efficacy for pancreatic cancer by regulating macrophage-derived inflammations. Cancer Immunol Immunotherapy: CII. 2021;70(8):2165\u201377.","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunotherapy: CII"},{"key":"3659_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13174357","volume":"13","author":"YS Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu YS, Huang BR, Lin CJ, et al. Paliperidone inhibits glioblastoma growth in mouse brain tumor model and reduces PD-L1 expression. Cancers. 2021;13:17.","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"1","key":"3659_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-023-05180-9","volume":"24","author":"Z Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng Z, Song Y. Integrated analysis of the voltage-gated potassium channel-associated gene KCNH2 across cancers. BMC Bioinformatics. 2023;24(1):51.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"3659_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.13049","volume":"46","author":"JM Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves JM, Silva CAB, Rivero ERC, Cordeiro MMR. Inhibition of cancer stem cells promoted by Pimozide. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2019;46(2):116\u201325.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"3659_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2019.10.007","volume":"68","author":"V Shaw","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shaw V, Srivastava S, Srivastava SK. Repurposing antipsychotics of the diphenylbutylpiperidine class for cancer therapy. Sem Cancer Biol. 2021;68:75\u201383.","journal-title":"Sem Cancer Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3659_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2335-1","volume":"11","author":"D Subramaniam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Subramaniam D, Angulo P, Ponnurangam S, et al. Suppressing STAT5 signaling affects osteosarcoma growth and stemness. Cell Death Dis. 2020;11(2):149.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3659_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24813","volume":"126","author":"ED Wiklund","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wiklund ED, Catts VS, Catts SV, et al. Cytotoxic effects of antipsychotic drugs implicate cholesterol homeostasis as a novel chemotherapeutic target. Int J Cancer. 2010;126(1):28\u201340.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"3659_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2011.08.014","volume":"18","author":"J Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen J, Dexheimer TS, Ai Y, et al. Selective and cell-active inhibitors of the USP1\/ UAF1 deubiquitinase complex reverse cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Chem Biol. 2011;18(11):1390\u2013400.","journal-title":"Chem Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3659_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2011.01.004","volume":"11","author":"X Codony","year":"2011","unstructured":"Codony X, Vela JM, Ram\u00edrez MJ. 5-HT(6) receptor and cognition. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2011;11(1):94\u2013100.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"3659_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2016.12.016","volume":"604","author":"G Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu G, Zhang M, Zhu H, Xu J. A 15-gene signature for prediction of colon cancer recurrence and prognosis based on SVM. Gene. 2017;604:33\u201340.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"3659_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756928","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.756928","volume":"13","author":"W Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang W, Li L, Li J, et al. Systematic analysis of neurotransmitter receptors in human breast cancer reveals a strong association with outcome and uncovers HTR6 as a Survival-Associated gene potentially regulating the immune microenvironment. Front Immunol. 2022;13:756928.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3659_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsu CY, Yang WT, Lin JH et al. Sertindole, an antipsychotic Drug, curbs the STAT3\/BCL-xL axis to elicit human bladder cancer cell apoptosis in vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023;24(14).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411852"},{"issue":"4","key":"3659_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.34847","volume":"11","author":"C Dai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dai C, Liu P, Wang X, et al. The antipsychotic agent Sertindole exhibited antiproliferative activities by inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway in human gastric cancer cells. J Cancer. 2020;11(4):849\u201357.","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"3659_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b12-00009","volume":"35","author":"JH Shin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shin JH, Park SJ, Kim ES, Jo YK, Hong J, Cho DH. Sertindole, a potent antagonist at dopamine D\u2082 receptors, induces autophagy by increasing reactive oxygen species in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 2012;35(7):1069\u201375.","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"3659_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03371-0","volume":"9","author":"Y Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu Y, Zeng J, Zhang F, et al. Integrative analysis of omics summary data reveals putative mechanisms underlying complex traits. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):918.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"3659_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2022.04.001","volume":"109","author":"V Zuber","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zuber V, Grinberg NF, Gill D, et al. Combining evidence from Mendelian randomization and colocalization: review and comparison of approaches. Am J Hum Genet. 2022;109(5):767\u201382.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"}],"container-title":["Discover Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12672-025-03659-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12672-025-03659-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12672-025-03659-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T22:01:52Z","timestamp":1761084112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12672-025-03659-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3659"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12672-025-03659-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-6011"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2730-6011","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1925"}}