{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T10:42:28Z","timestamp":1760352148619,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Discov Onc"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-03806-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T08:48:55Z","timestamp":1760345335000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identifying the causal role and therapeutic potential of immune-related genes in bladder cancer: a Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yonggang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingfeng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3806_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e076743","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-076743","volume":"384","author":"A Lopez-Beltran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lopez-Beltran A, Cookson MS, Guercio BJ, Cheng L. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. BMJ. 2024;384:e076743.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3806_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-020-00313-1","volume":"21","author":"L Tran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tran L, Xiao JF, Agarwal N, Duex JE, Theodorescu D. Advances in bladder cancer biology and therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2021;21:104\u201321.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"3806_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22603","volume":"130","author":"MA Abd El-Salam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abd El-Salam MA, Smith CEP, Pan CX. Insights on recent innovations in bladder cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Cytopathol. 2022;130:667\u201383.","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol"},{"key":"3806_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R105","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddac208","volume":"31","author":"M Bykova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bykova M, Hou Y, Eng C, Cheng F. Quantitative trait locus (xQTL) approaches identify risk genes and drug targets from human non-coding genomes. Hum Mol Genet. 2022;31:R105\u201313.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"3806_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00362","volume":"8","author":"G Santoni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Santoni G, Morelli MB, Amantini C, Battelli N. Urinary markers in bladder cancer: an update. Front Oncol. 2018;8:362.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"3806_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.01.027","volume":"187","author":"F Petralia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Petralia F, Ma W, Yaron TM, Caruso FP, Tignor N, Wang JM, et al. Pan-cancer proteogenomics characterization of tumor immunity. Cell. 2024;187:1255\u2013e7727.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"3806_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-018-3518-7","volume":"81","author":"SU Butt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Butt SU, Malik L. Role of immunotherapy in bladder cancer: past, present and future. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2018;81:629\u201345.","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"key":"3806_CR8","first-page":"100296","volume":"26","author":"LP Rhea","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rhea LP, Mendez-Marti S, Kim D, Aragon-Ching JB. Role of immunotherapy in bladder cancer. Cancer Treat Res Commun. 2021;26:100296.","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Res Commun"},{"key":"3806_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-022-01291-7","volume":"15","author":"N Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu N, Yao Z, Shang G, Ye D, Wang H, Zhang H, et al. Integrated proteogenomic characterization of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. J Hematol Oncol. 2022;15:76.","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"3806_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-022-01828-3","volume":"39","author":"T Schneider","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schneider T, Zhao L, Zhu Z, Gabrielyan G, Xiao H, Fajardo ED, et al. The past, present, and future of immunotherapy for bladder tumors. Med Oncol. 2022;39:236.","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"3806_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2014.10.009","volume":"21","author":"KC Ohaegbulam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ohaegbulam KC, Assal A, Lazar-Molnar E, Yao Y, Zang X. Human cancer immunotherapy with antibodies to the PD-1 and PD-L1 pathway. Trends Mol Med. 2015;21:24\u201333.","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"3806_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007081","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007081","volume":"13","author":"G Hemani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hemani G, Tilling K, Davey Smith G. Orienting the causal relationship between imprecisely measured traits using GWAS summary data. PLoS Genet. 2017;13:e1007081.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"3806_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05473-8","volume":"613","author":"MI Kurki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kurki MI, Karjalainen J, Palta P, Sipil\u00e4 TP, Kristiansson K, Donner KM, et al. FinnGen provides genetic insights from a well-phenotyped isolated population. Nature. 2023;613:508\u201318.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3806_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001779","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","volume":"12","author":"C Sudlow","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sudlow C, Gallacher J, Allen N, Beral V, Burton P, Danesh J, et al. UK biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age. PLoS Med. 2015;12:e1001779.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"3806_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1228","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1147","volume":"41","author":"K Breuer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Breuer K, Foroushani AK, Laird MR, Chen C, Sribnaia A, Lo R, et al. InnateDB: systems biology of innate immunity and beyond\u2013recent updates and continuing curation. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013;41:D1228\u201333.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"3806_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00913-z","volume":"53","author":"U V\u00f5sa","year":"2021","unstructured":"V\u00f5sa U, Claringbould A, Westra HJ, Bonder MJ, Deelen P, Zeng B, et al. Large-scale cis- and trans-eQTL analyses identify thousands of genetic loci and polygenic scores that regulate blood gene expression. Nat Genet. 2021;53:1300\u201310.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"3806_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00978-w","volume":"53","author":"E Ferkingstad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferkingstad E, Sulem P, Atlason BA, Sveinbjornsson G, Magnusson MI, Styrmisdottir EL, et al. Large-scale integration of the plasma proteome with genetics and disease. Nat Genet. 2021;53:1712\u201321.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"3806_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hemani G, Zheng J, Elsworth B, Wade KH, Haberland V, Baird D et al. The MR-Base platform supports systematic causal inference across the human phenome. Elife. 2018;7.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34408"},{"key":"3806_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.4236\/ojs.2018.81010","volume":"8","author":"L Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang L, Wong A. A Chi-Square approximation for the F distribution. Open J Stat. 2018;8:146\u201358.","journal-title":"Open J Stat"},{"key":"3806_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1086\/519795","volume":"81","author":"S Purcell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Purcell S, Neale B, Todd-Brown K, Thomas L, Ferreira MA, Bender D, et al. PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses. Am J Hum Genet. 2007;81:559\u201375.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"3806_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33675-1","volume":"13","author":"L Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen L, Peters JE, Prins B, Persyn E, Traylor M, Surendran P, et al. Systematic Mendelian randomization using the human plasma proteome to discover potential therapeutic targets for stroke. Nat Commun. 2022;13:6143.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3806_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14156-4","volume":"11","author":"S Burgess","year":"2020","unstructured":"Burgess S, Foley CN, Allara E, Staley JR, Howson JMM. A robust and efficient method for Mendelian randomization with hundreds of genetic variants. Nat Commun. 2020;11:376.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3806_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-017-0255-x","volume":"32","author":"S Burgess","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burgess S, Thompson SG. Interpreting findings from Mendelian randomization using the MR-Egger method. Eur J Epidemiol. 2017;32:377\u201389.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"3806_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7","volume":"50","author":"M Verbanck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Verbanck M, Chen CY, Neale B, Do R. Detection of widespread horizontal Pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases. Nat Genet. 2018;50:693\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"3806_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004383","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004383","volume":"10","author":"C Giambartolomei","year":"2014","unstructured":"Giambartolomei C, Vukcevic D, Schadt EE, Franke L, Hingorani AD, Wallace C, et al. Bayesian test for colocalisation between pairs of genetic association studies using summary statistics. PLoS Genet. 2014;10:e1004383.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"3806_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0404-0","volume":"51","author":"B Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu B, Gloudemans MJ, Rao AS, Ingelsson E, Montgomery SB. Abundant associations with gene expression complicate GWAS follow-up. Nat Genet. 2019;51:768\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"3806_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W214","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq537","volume":"38","author":"D Warde-Farley","year":"2010","unstructured":"Warde-Farley D, Donaldson SL, Comes O, Zuberi K, Badrawi R, Chao P, et al. The genemania prediction server: biological network integration for gene prioritization and predicting gene function. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010;38:W214\u201320.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"3806_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007","volume":"43","author":"ME Ritchie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ritchie ME, Phipson B, Wu D, Hu Y, Law CW, Shi W, et al. Limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015;43:e47.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"3806_CR29","first-page":"100625","volume":"5","author":"B Gy\u0151rffy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gy\u0151rffy B. Integrated analysis of public datasets for the discovery and validation of survival-associated genes in solid tumors. Innov (Camb). 2024;5:100625.","journal-title":"Innov (Camb)"},{"key":"3806_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3337","volume":"12","author":"AM Newman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Newman AM, Liu CL, Green MR, Gentles AJ, Feng W, Xu Y, et al. Robust enumeration of cell subsets from tissue expression profiles. Nat Methods. 2015;12:453\u20137.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"3806_CR31","first-page":"100141","volume":"2","author":"T Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu T, Hu E, Xu S, Chen M, Guo P, Dai Z, et al. ClusterProfiler 4.0: A universal enrichment tool for interpreting omics data. Innov (Camb). 2021;2:100141.","journal-title":"Innov (Camb)"},{"key":"3806_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bauernfried S, Hornung V. Human NLRP1: from the shadows to center stage. J Exp Med. 2022;219.","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20211405"},{"key":"3806_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-021-00997-6","volume":"13","author":"Z Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu Z, Chen H, Jiao X, Wang Y, Wu L, Sun H, et al. Germline HLA-B evolutionary divergence influences the efficacy of immune checkpoint Blockade therapy in Gastrointestinal cancer. Genome Med. 2021;13:175.","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"3806_CR34","first-page":"127","volume":"52","author":"YC Tang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tang YC, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Zhi Q, Wu MY, Gong FR, et al. Ginsenoside Rg3 targets cancer stem cells and tumor angiogenesis to inhibit colorectal cancer progression in vivo. Int J Oncol. 2018;52:127\u201338.","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"3806_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5053","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500304","volume":"194","author":"O Zenarruzabeitia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zenarruzabeitia O, Vitall\u00e9 J, Eguizabal C, Simhadri VR, Borrego F. The biology and disease relevance of CD300a, an inhibitory receptor for phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine. J Immunol. 2015;194:5053\u201360.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"3806_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-021-01866-1","volume":"40","author":"M Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang M, Wang L, Yue Y, Zhang L, Liu T, Jing M, et al. ITPR3 facilitates tumor growth, metastasis and stemness by inducing the NF-\u0138B\/CD44 pathway in urinary bladder carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2021;40:65.","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"3806_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963689722114944","DOI":"10.1177\/09636897221149444","volume":"32","author":"L Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao L, Ma X, Zhang J, Yang M, He Z, Yang C, et al. CD27-Expressing Xenoantigen-Expanded human regulatory T cells are efficient in suppressing xenogeneic immune response. Cell Transpl. 2023;32:9636897221149444.","journal-title":"Cell Transpl"},{"key":"3806_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2934","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-2440","volume":"23","author":"HL MacGregor","year":"2017","unstructured":"MacGregor HL, Ohashi PS. Molecular pathways: evaluating the potential for B7-H4 as an immunoregulatory target. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23:2934\u201341.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"3806_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maheshwari C, Vidoni C, Titone R, Castiglioni A, Lora C, Follo C et al. Isolation, Characterization, and autophagy function of BECN1-Splicing isoforms in cancer cells. Biomolecules. 2022;12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12081069"},{"key":"3806_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.03.014","volume":"141","author":"BZ Qian","year":"2010","unstructured":"Qian BZ, Pollard JW. Macrophage diversity enhances tumor progression and metastasis. Cell. 2010;141:39\u201351.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"3806_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-6244-6","volume":"19","author":"N Albarakati","year":"2019","unstructured":"Albarakati N, Khayyat D, Dallol A, Al-Maghrabi J, Nedjadi T. The prognostic impact of GSTM1\/GSTP1 genetic variants in bladder cancer. BMC Cancer. 2019;19:991.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"3806_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-10-385591","volume":"121","author":"P Greaves","year":"2013","unstructured":"Greaves P, Gribben JG. The role of B7 family molecules in hematologic malignancy. Blood. 2013;121:734\u201344.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"3806_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-10906-2","volume":"23","author":"R Zou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zou R, Zhong X, Liang K, Zhi C, Chen D, Xu Z, et al. Elevated LILRB1 expression predicts poor prognosis and is associated with tumor immune infiltration in patients with glioma. BMC Cancer. 2023;23:403.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"3806_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-5014-1","volume":"18","author":"T Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou T, Li HY, Xie WJ, Zhong Z, Zhong H, Lin ZJ. Association of glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphism with bladder cancer susceptibility. BMC Cancer. 2018;18:1088.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"3806_CR45","first-page":"5575","volume":"37","author":"S Zou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zou S, Liang B. PLAGL2 upregulation transcriptionally activates OLFM4 to promote the malignant progression of bladder cancer through STAT3 signaling. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2023;37:5575\u201388.","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"},{"key":"3806_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04805-0","volume":"22","author":"M Tan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tan M, Pan Q, Yu C, Zhai X, Gu J, Tao L, et al. PIGT promotes cell growth, glycolysis, and metastasis in bladder cancer by modulating GLUT1 glycosylation and membrane trafficking. J Transl Med. 2024;22:5.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"3806_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-024-03127-3","volume":"43","author":"F Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang F, Chen F, Shay C, Chen GZ, Saba NF, Teng Y. Exploring the impact of GSTM1 as a novel molecular determinant of survival in head and neck cancer patients of African descent. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2024;43:203.","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"3806_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Yang X. Spatial RNA sequencing methods show high resolution of single cell in cancer metastasis and the formation of tumor microenvironment. Biosci Rep. 2023;43.","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20221680"},{"key":"3806_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-19-38","volume":"19","author":"RH Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu RH, Yang MH, Xiang H, Bao LM, Yang HA, Yue LW, et al. Depletion of OLFM4 gene inhibits cell growth and increases sensitization to hydrogen peroxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced-apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. J Biomed Sci. 2012;19:38.","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"3806_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-023-00820-x","volume":"46","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Wang X, Yang X, Xing N. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the cellular and molecular characteristics of high-grade and metastatic bladder cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr). 2023;46:1415\u201327.","journal-title":"Cell Oncol (Dordr)"},{"key":"3806_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171420","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1171420","volume":"14","author":"H Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen H, Yang W, Ji Z. Machine learning-based identification of tumor-infiltrating immune cell-associated model with appealing implications in improving prognosis and immunotherapy response in bladder cancer patients. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1171420.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3806_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-022-00704-6","volume":"45","author":"S Kaur","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaur S, Rajoria P, Chopra M. HDAC6 : A unique HDAC family member as a cancer target. Cell Oncol (Dordr). 2022;45:779\u2013829.","journal-title":"Cell Oncol (Dordr)"},{"key":"3806_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226057","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1226057","volume":"14","author":"M Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang M, Zhang Z, Li Z, Zhu Y, Xu C. E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases in bladder cancer tumorigenesis and implications for immunotherapies. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1226057.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3806_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062060","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2023.1062060","volume":"14","author":"S Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li S, Jiang M, Yang L, Zheng F, Liu J, Situ X, et al. Identification of platinum resistance-related gene signature for prognosis and immune analysis in bladder cancer. Front Genet. 2023;14:1062060.","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"3806_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675651","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.675651","volume":"8","author":"J Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu J, Ma H, Meng L, Liu X, Lv Z, Zhang Y, et al. Construction and external validation of a Ferroptosis-Related gene signature of predictive value for the overall survival in bladder cancer. Front Mol Biosci. 2021;8:675651.","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"3806_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057302","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.1057302","volume":"13","author":"Y Tao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tao Y, Li X, Zhang Y, He L, Lu Q, Wang Y, et al. TP53-related signature for predicting prognosis and tumor microenvironment characteristics in bladder cancer: A multi-omics study. Front Genet. 2022;13:1057302.","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"3806_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2309863","volume":"389","author":"MS van der Heijden","year":"2023","unstructured":"van der Heijden MS, Sonpavde G, Powles T, Necchi A, Burotto M, Schenker M, et al. Nivolumab plus Gemcitabine-Cisplatin in advanced urothelial carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2023;389:1778\u201389.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3806_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0367","volume":"8","author":"SC Wei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wei SC, Duffy CR, Allison JP. Fundamental mechanisms of immune checkpoint Blockade therapy. Cancer Discov. 2018;8:1069\u201386.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"3806_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00524-7","volume":"25","author":"Y Fujiwara","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fujiwara Y, Horita N, Adib E, Zhou S, Nassar AH, Asad ZUA, et al. Treatment-related adverse events, including fatal toxicities, in patients with solid tumours receiving neoadjuvant and adjuvant immune checkpoint blockade: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet Oncol. 2024;25:62\u201375.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"3806_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.16922","volume":"44","author":"T Shindo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shindo T, Hashimoto K, Takahashi A, Miyamoto S, Kunishima Y, Sato S, et al. Comparison of oncological outcomes of pembrolizumab as Second-line therapy and maintenance avelumab therapy in advanced urothelial carcinoma after Platinum-based chemotherapy. Anticancer Res. 2024;44:1271\u20139.","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"3806_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989000","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.989000","volume":"13","author":"A Zaher","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zaher A, Stephens LM, Miller AM, Hartwig SM, Stolwijk JM, Petronek MS, et al. Pharmacological ascorbate as a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol. 2022;13:989000.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["Discover Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12672-025-03806-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12672-025-03806-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12672-025-03806-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T10:12:12Z","timestamp":1760350332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12672-025-03806-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3806"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12672-025-03806-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-6011"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2730-6011"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The data used in this study have been ethically approved and informed consent has been obtained from the participants in the original research.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1857"}}