{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:24:13Z","timestamp":1792783453359,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,23]],"date-time":"2025-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NO.82074284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO.82074284"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"China National Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation Team Sub-project","award":["No. ZYYCXTD-C-202005-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. ZYYCXTD-C-202005-10"]}]},{"name":"China Medical Association of Minorities Research Project","award":["No. 2020MZ298-110101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2020MZ298-110101"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund Project, Associated Key Laboratory of Traditional Mongolia Medicine Research and Development, National Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education of China","award":["No. MDK2020013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. MDK2020013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Discov Onc"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-04094-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,23]],"date-time":"2025-11-23T17:13:08Z","timestamp":1763917988000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prediction of prognostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma and immune microenvironment infiltration based on single-cell sequencing and RNA-Seq integration"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yiyan","family":"Zhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiying","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiling","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiling","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peizhi","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiarui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"4094_CR1","first-page":"209","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:209\u201349.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"4094_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2015.07.018","volume":"379","author":"L Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li L, Wang H. Heterogeneity of liver cancer and personalized therapy. Cancer Lett. 2016;379:191\u20137.","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"4094_CR3","volume":"1873","author":"D Anwanwan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anwanwan D, Singh SK, Singh S, Saikam V, Singh R. Challenges in liver cancer and possible treatment approaches. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA). 2020;1873: 188314.","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)"},{"key":"4094_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-11-0643","volume":"20","author":"MM Center","year":"2011","unstructured":"Center MM, Jemal A. International trends in liver cancer incidence rates. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2011;20:2362\u20138.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"4094_CR5","volume":"1876","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Wang S, Cai J, Ke A, Fan J. The progress of immune checkpoint therapy in primary liver cancer. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA). 2021;1876: 188638.","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)"},{"key":"4094_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2022.216048","volume":"555","author":"L Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen L, Wei X, Gu D, Xu Y, Zhou H. Human liver cancer organoids: biological applications, current challenges, and prospects in hepatoma therapy. Cancer Lett. 2023;555:216048\u2013216048.","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"4094_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00620-y","author":"P Johnson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Johnson P, Zhou Q, Dao DY, Lo YMD. Circulating biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-022-00620-y.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"4094_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v8.i21.881","volume":"8","author":"B Charri\u00e8re","year":"2016","unstructured":"Charri\u00e8re B, Maulat C, Suc B, Muscari F. Contribution of alpha-fetoprotein in liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol. 2016;8:881\u201390.","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"4094_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-08520-1","volume":"21","author":"S Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao S, Gang J, Yu M, Xin G, Tan H. Computational analysis for identification of early diagnostic biomarkers and prognostic biomarkers of liver cancer based on GEO and TCGA databases and studies on pathways and biological functions affecting the survival time of liver cancer. BMC Cancer. 2021;21:791.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"4094_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14050-z","volume":"11","author":"B Losic","year":"2020","unstructured":"Losic B, et al. Intratumoral heterogeneity and clonal evolution in liver cancer. Nat Commun. 2020;11:291.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4094_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2019.08.007","volume":"36","author":"L Ma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ma L, et al. Tumor cell biodiversity drives microenvironmental reprogramming in liver cancer. Cancer Cell. 2019;36:418-430.e6.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"4094_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03362-0","volume":"592","author":"D Pfister","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pfister D, et al. NASH limits anti-tumour surveillance in immunotherapy-treated HCC. Nature. 2021;592:450\u20136.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4094_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1577","volume":"4","author":"P Winograd","year":"2020","unstructured":"Winograd P, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma\u2013circulating tumor cells expressing PD-L1 are prognostic and potentially associated with response to checkpoint inhibitors. Hepatol Commun. 2020;4:1527\u201340.","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"4094_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-022-01055-5","volume":"14","author":"M Alvarez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alvarez M, et al. Human liver single nucleus and single cell RNA sequencing identify a hepatocellular carcinoma-associated cell-type affecting survival. Genome Med. 2022;14:50.","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"4094_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2020.06.003","volume":"30","author":"M St. Paul","year":"2020","unstructured":"St. Paul M, Ohashi PS. The roles of CD8\u2009+\u2009T cell subsets in antitumor immunity. Trends Cell Biol. 2020;30:695\u2013704.","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"4094_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-019-0344-8","volume":"17","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Shao Q, Peng G. Exhaustion and senescence: two crucial dysfunctional states of T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Cell Mol Immunol. 2019;17:27\u201335.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"4094_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-01014-w","volume":"14","author":"S Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu S, et al. NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy: from basic biology to clinical development. J Hematol Oncol. 2021;14:7.","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"4094_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-2429","volume":"66","author":"JM Roda","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roda JM, et al. Natural killer cells produce T cell\u2013recruiting chemokines in response to antibody-coated tumor cells. Cancer Res. 2006;66:517\u201326.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"4094_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.01.004","volume":"172","author":"JP B\u00f6ttcher","year":"2018","unstructured":"B\u00f6ttcher JP, et al. NK cells stimulate recruitment of cDC1 into the tumor microenvironment promoting cancer immune control. Cell. 2018;172:1022\u201337.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4094_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S0369-8114(03)00098-1","volume":"51","author":"J Geginat","year":"2003","unstructured":"Geginat J, Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A. Cytokine-driven proliferation and differentiation of human na\u00efve, central memory and effector memory CD4\u2009+\u2009T cells. Pathol Biol. 2003;51:64\u20136.","journal-title":"Pathol Biol"},{"key":"4094_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3883","volume":"21","author":"CO Park","year":"2015","unstructured":"Park CO, Kupper TS. The emerging role of resident memory T cells in protective immunity and inflammatory disease. Nat Med. 2015;21:688\u201397.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"4094_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3152","volume":"12","author":"SL Swain","year":"2012","unstructured":"Swain SL, McKinstry KK, Strutt TM. Expanding roles for CD4\u2009+\u2009T cells in immunity to viruses. Nat Rev Immunol. 2012;12:136\u201348.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"4094_CR23","first-page":"181","volume":"04","author":"Y Xie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xie Y, et al. Expression characteristics of surface markers of memory T cells, CD45RO, CCR7 and CD62L, in Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in liver cancer tissues of patients with hepatocellular carcinomas. J Clin Cell Immunol. 2013;04:181.","journal-title":"J Clin Cell Immunol"},{"key":"4094_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9030531","volume":"9","author":"I Raphael","year":"2020","unstructured":"Raphael I, Joern RR, Forsthuber TG. Memory CD4\u2009+\u2009T cells in immunity and autoimmune diseases. Cells. 2020;9:531.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"4094_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-017-0352-6","volume":"41","author":"Y Vahidi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vahidi Y, Faghih Z, Talei A-R, Ghaderi A. Memory CD4\u2009+\u2009T cell subsets in tumor draining lymph nodes of breast cancer patients: a focus on T stem cell memory cells. Cell Oncol. 2017;41:1\u201311.","journal-title":"Cell Oncol"},{"key":"4094_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4665","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49059-6","volume":"15","author":"X Tang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tang X, et al. Glycolysis inhibition induces anti-tumor central memory CD8\u2009+\u2009T cell differentiation upon combination with microwave ablation therapy. Nat Commun. 2024;15:4665.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4094_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9571","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503726102","volume":"102","author":"CA Klebanoff","year":"2005","unstructured":"Klebanoff CA, et al. Central memory self\/tumor-reactive CD8\u2009+\u2009T cells confer superior antitumor immunity compared with effector memory T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102:9571\u20136.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4094_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2020.101435","volume":"49","author":"J Han","year":"2020","unstructured":"Han J, Khatwani N, Searles TG, Turk MJ, Angeles CV. Memory CD8\u2009+\u2009T cell responses to cancer. Semin Immunol. 2020;49:101435.","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"4094_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/44385","volume":"401","author":"F Sallusto","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sallusto F, Lenig D, F\u00f6rster R, Lipp M, Lanzavecchia A. Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions. Nature. 1999;401:708\u201312.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4094_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104702","volume":"22","author":"F Sallusto","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sallusto F, Geginat J, Lanzavecchia A. CentralMemory andeffectormemoryT cellsubsets: function, generation, and maintenance. Annu Rev Immunol. 2004;22:745\u201363.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"4094_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-23-0660","volume":"23","author":"YT Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu YT, et al. Macrophages as targets in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Mol Cancer Ther. 2024;23:780\u201390.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"4094_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-024-02026-1","volume":"47","author":"X Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li X, et al. Integrated single cell analysis reveals an atlas of tumor associated macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma. Inflammation. 2024;47:2077\u201393.","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"4094_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31855","volume":"74","author":"X Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu X, et al. Group-2 innate lymphoid cells promote HCC progression through CXCL2\u2010neutrophil\u2010induced immunosuppression. Hepatology. 2021;74:2526\u201343.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"4094_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2006-0031","volume":"28","author":"A Wullaert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wullaert A, van Loo G, Heyninck K, Beyaert R. Hepatic tumor necrosis factor signaling and nuclear factor-\u03baB: effects on liver homeostasis and beyond. Endocr Rev. 2007;28:365\u201386.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"4094_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.11.010","volume":"58","author":"C Weiler-Normann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weiler-Normann C, et al. Infliximab as a rescue treatment in difficult-to-treat autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol. 2013;58:529\u201334.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"4094_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-022-00910-2","volume":"44","author":"G Tiegs","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tiegs G, Horst AK. Tnf in the liver: targeting a central player in inflammation. Semin Immunopathol. 2022;44:445\u201359.","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"4094_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006512","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006512","volume":"13","author":"SA Ragland","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ragland SA, Criss AK. From bacterial killing to immune modulation: recent insights into the functions of lysozyme. PLoS Pathog. 2017;13:e1006512.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"4094_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2215744120","volume":"120","author":"Z Gu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gu Z, et al. Aberrant LYZ expression in tumor cells serves as the potential biomarker and target for HCC and promotes tumor progression via csGRP78. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023;120:e2215744120.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"4094_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2024.217199","volume":"604","author":"Y Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Y, et al. Identification of SPP1\u2009+\u2009macrophages in promoting cancer stemness via vitronectin and CCL15 signals crosstalk in liver cancer. Cancer Lett. 2024;604:217199.","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"4094_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2023.216568","volume":"582","author":"L Ding","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ding L, et al. Blocking MARCO\u2009+\u2009tumor-associated macrophages improves anti-PD-L1 therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting the activation of STING-IFN type I pathway. Cancer Lett. 2023;582:216568.","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"4094_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-019-1333-6","volume":"37","author":"T Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li T, Liu M, Pei D. Friend or foe, the role of EGR-1 in cancer. Med Oncol. 2019;37:7.","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"4094_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-024-02957-5","volume":"43","author":"M Pan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pan M, et al. EGR1 suppresses HCC growth and aerobic glycolysis by transcriptionally downregulating PFKL. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2024;43:35.","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"4094_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.69784","volume":"19","author":"D Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma D, et al. FCN3 inhibits the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by suppressing SBDS-mediated Blockade of the p53 pathway. Int J Biol Sci. 2022;19:362\u201376.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"4094_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-024-03047-2","volume":"43","author":"Y Yuan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yuan Y, et al. Ficolin 3 promotes ferroptosis in HCC by downregulating IR\/SREBP axis-mediated MUFA synthesis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2024;43:133.","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"4094_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5426.418","volume":"285","author":"H Zou","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zou H, McGarry TJ, Bernal TU, Kirschner MW. Identification of a vertebrate sister-chromatid separation inhibitor involved in transformation and tumorigenesis. Science. 1999;285:418\u201322.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4094_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-22-3561","volume":"83","author":"Q Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou Q, et al. PTTG1 reprograms asparagine metabolism to promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Cancer Res. 2023;83:2372\u201386.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"4094_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4594","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32283-3","volume":"13","author":"Y Lu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lu Y, et al. A single-cell atlas of the multicellular ecosystem of primary and metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun. 2022;13:4594.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4094_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4096","volume":"36","author":"A Butler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Butler A, Hoffman P, Smibert P, Papalexi E, Satija R. Integrating single-cell transcriptomic data across different conditions, technologies, and species. Nat Biotechnol. 2018;36:411\u201320.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"4094_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","volume":"15","author":"MI Love","year":"2014","unstructured":"Love MI, Huber W, Anders S. Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol. 2014;15:550.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"4094_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02597.x","volume":"31","author":"EK Tung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tung EK, et al. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of serum and tissue Dickkopf-1 levels in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int. 2011;31:1494\u2013504.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"4094_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.05.031","volume":"177","author":"T Stuart","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stuart T, et al. Comprehensive integration of single-cell data. Cell. 2019;177:1888-1902.e21.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4094_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-019-0093-7","volume":"20","author":"T Stuart","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stuart T, Satija R. Integrative single-cell analysis. Nat Rev Genet. 2019;20:257\u201372.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"4094_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0276-y","volume":"20","author":"D Aran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aran D, et al. Reference-based analysis of lung single-cell sequencing reveals a transitional profibrotic macrophage. Nat Immunol. 2019;20:163\u201372.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"4094_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W216","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac194","volume":"50","author":"BT Sherman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sherman BT, et al. DAVID: a web server for functional enrichment analysis and functional annotation of gene lists (2021 update). Nucleic Acids Res. 2022;50:W216\u201321.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"4094_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09234-6","volume":"10","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou Y, et al. Metascape provides a biologist-oriented resource for the analysis of systems-level datasets. Nat Commun. 2019;10:1523.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4094_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21246-9","volume":"12","author":"S Jin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jin S, et al. Inference and analysis of cell-cell communication using cellchat. Nat Commun. 2021;12:1088.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4094_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3971","volume":"13","author":"L Haghverdi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haghverdi L, B\u00fcttner M, Wolf FA, Buettner F, Theis FJ. Diffusion pseudotime robustly reconstructs lineage branching. Nat Methods. 2016;13:845\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"4094_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2859","volume":"32","author":"C Trapnell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Trapnell C, et al. Pseudo-temporal ordering of individual cells reveals dynamics and regulators of cell fate decisions. Nat Biotechnol. 2014;32:381\u20136.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"4094_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19970228)16:4<385::AID-SIM380>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"16","author":"R Tibshirani","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tibshirani R. The lasso method for variable selection in the Cox model. Stat Med. 1997;16:385\u201395.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"4094_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3464","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.204023","volume":"14","author":"Z Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu Z, et al. Improving ovarian cancer treatment decision using a novel risk predictive tool. Aging. 2022;14:3464\u201383.","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"4094_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-22-493","volume":"10","author":"Y Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu Y, et al. B3GNT3 as a prognostic biomarker and correlation with immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma. Annals Translational Med. 2022;10:295\u2013295.","journal-title":"Annals Translational Med"}],"container-title":["Discover Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12672-025-04094-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12672-025-04094-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12672-025-04094-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T22:02:49Z","timestamp":1767045769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12672-025-04094-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,23]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4094"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12672-025-04094-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-6011"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2730-6011","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and\u00a0consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2276"}}