{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T02:03:50Z","timestamp":1779674630505,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":49,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Discov Onc"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-026-04945-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T17:35:29Z","timestamp":1775496929000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the liver: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shuyue","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"4945_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah MH, Goldner WS, Benson AB et al. Neuroendocrine and Adrenal Tumors, Version 2.2021, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw. 2021;19(7):839\u201368.","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2021.0032"},{"key":"4945_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dasari A, Mehta K, Byers LA et al. Comparative study of lung and extrapulmonary poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas: A SEER database analysis of 162,983 cases. Cancer. 2018;124(4):807\u201315.","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31124"},{"issue":"1","key":"4945_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds276","volume":"24","author":"H Sorbye","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sorbye H, Welin S, Langer SW, et al. Predictive and prognostic factors for treatment and survival in 305 patients with advanced gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinoma (WHO G3): the NORDIC NEC study[J]. Ann Oncol. 2013;24(1):152\u201360.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"4945_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibrahim ME, Abadeer K, Zhai QJ et al. Primary Hepatic Neuroendocrine Tumor with Unusual Thyroid Follicular-Like Morphologic Characteristics.Case Rep Pathol. 2017;2017:7931975.","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7931975"},{"key":"4945_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiu MJ. Chen YB,Bi NR,Comparative Clinical Analysis of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinomas with Liver Metastasis and Primary Hepatic Neuroendocrine Carcinomas.Dis Markers. 2018;2018:9191639.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9191639"},{"issue":"8","key":"4945_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v4.i8.243","volume":"4","author":"JE Song","year":"2016","unstructured":"Song JE. Kim BS,Lee CH.Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor: A case report and literature review[J]. World J Clin Cases. 2016;4(8):243\u20137.","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"4945_CR7","unstructured":"\u5218\u54f2,. \u674e\u6653\u660e,\u8521\u5b88\u65fa,\u539f\u53d1\u6027\u809d\u810f\u795e\u7ecf\u5185\u5206\u6ccc\u80bf\u7624\u8bef\u8bca\u5206\u6790[J].\u4e2d\u534e\u8f6c\u79fb\u6027\u80bf\u7624\u6742\u5fd7. 2020;03(01):52\u20136."},{"key":"4945_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang K, Lan Z, Chen W et al. Hepatectomy and pneumectomy combined with targeted therapy for primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma: Case report and review of the literature. Front Surg. 2022;9:920276.","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.920276"},{"key":"4945_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levrero M, Zucman-Rossi J. Mechanisms of HBV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2016;64(1 Suppl):S84\u2013101.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.021"},{"issue":"41","key":"4945_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9229","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i41.9229","volume":"22","author":"GH Choi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Choi GH, Ann SY, Lee SI, et al. Collision tumor of hepatocellular carcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma involving the liver: Case report and review of the literature[J]. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22(41):9229\u201334.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4945_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kellock T, Tuong B, Harris AC et al. Diagnostic imaging of primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors: a case and discussion of the literature. Case Rep Radiol. 2014;2014:156491.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/156491"},{"issue":"1","key":"4945_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644-015-0046-0","volume":"15","author":"LX Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang LX, Liu K, Lin GW, et al. Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors: comparing CT and MRI features with pathology[J]. Cancer Imaging. 2015;15(1):13.","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"key":"4945_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janson ET, Sorbye H, Welin S et al. Nordic guidelines 2014 for diagnosis and treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Acta Oncol. 2014;53(10):1284\u201397.","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186X.2014.941999"},{"key":"4945_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang A, Xiang J, Zhang M et al. Primary hepatic carcinoid tumours: clinical features with an emphasis on carcinoid syndrome and recurrence. J Int Med Res. 2008;36(4):848\u201359.","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000803600428"},{"key":"4945_CR15","unstructured":"Huang YQ, Xu F, Yang JM et al. Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma: clinical analysis of 11 cases. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2010;9(1):44\u20138."},{"issue":"9","key":"4945_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v12.i9.1031","volume":"12","author":"HH Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang HH, Liu ZC, Zhang G, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcome of primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors after comprehensive therapy[J]. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2020;12(9):1031\u201343.","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4945_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2012.07117.x","volume":"27","author":"CH Park","year":"2012","unstructured":"Park CH, Chung JW, Jang SJ, et al. Clinical features and outcomes of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinomas[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;27(8):1306\u201311.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4945_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyp173","volume":"40","author":"S Iwasa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Iwasa S, Morizane C, Okusaka T, et al. Cisplatin and etoposide as first-line chemotherapy for poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the hepatobiliary tract and pancreas[J]. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2010;40(4):313\u20138.","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"4945_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2351","DOI":"10.2147\/JHC.S484272","volume":"11","author":"Y Fang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fang Y, Jin X, Cui H, et al. Interventional Combined Microwave Ablation for Primary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Liver Failing Systemic Chemotherapy: A Case Report[J]. J Hepatocell Carcinoma. 2024;11:2351\u20137.","journal-title":"J Hepatocell Carcinoma"},{"key":"4945_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li MX, Li QY, Xiao M et al. Survival comparison between primary hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasms and primary pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms and the analysis on prognosis-related factors. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2019;18(6):538\u201345.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2019.03.009"},{"key":"4945_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varker KA Martin, EW,Klemanski D et al. Repeat transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for progressive hepatic carcinoid metastases provides results similar to first TACE. J Gastrointest Surg. 2007;11(12):1680\u20135.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-007-0235-7"},{"key":"4945_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tidwell J, Thakkar B, Nguyen MTT et al. Primary Hepatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: A Rare Entity. ACG Case Rep J. 2024;11(7):e01411.","DOI":"10.14309\/crj.0000000000001411"},{"issue":"7","key":"4945_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.03.304","volume":"31","author":"M Pavel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pavel M, \u00d6berg K,Falconi M, et al. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up[J]. Ann Oncol. 2020;31(7):844\u201360.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"4945_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9085","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S343572","volume":"13","author":"S Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li S, Niu M, Deng W, et al. Efficacy of Chemotherapy versus Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization in Patients with Advanced Primary Hepatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and an Analysis of the Prognostic Factors: A Retrospective Study[J]. Cancer Manag Res. 2021;13:9085\u201393.","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4945_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6410","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19917-0","volume":"11","author":"AJ Wisdom","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wisdom AJ. Mowery YM,Hong CS,et al.Single cell analysis reveals distinct immune landscapes in transplant and primary sarcomas that determine response or resistance to immunotherapy[J]. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):6410.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4945_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Ruiz ME, Vanpouille-Box C, Melero I et al. Immunological Mechanisms Responsible for Radiation-Induced Abscopal Effect.Trends Immunol. 2018;39(8):644\u201355.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.06.001"}],"container-title":["Discover Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12672-026-04945-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12672-026-04945-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12672-026-04945-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T01:51:53Z","timestamp":1779673913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12672-026-04945-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4945"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12672-026-04945-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-6011"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2730-6011","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The present study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Written informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants prior to the publication of this case report.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent participant"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient prior to the publication of this case report.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"760"}}