{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T22:49:01Z","timestamp":1782082141390,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":149,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":50,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key R&D Program","award":["20212BBG71013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20212BBG71013"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key R&D Program","award":["20212BBG71013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20212BBG71013"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key R&D Program","award":["20212BBG71013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20212BBG71013"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key R&D Program","award":["20212BBG71013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20212BBG71013"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key R&D Program","award":["20212BBG71013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20212BBG71013"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key R&D Program","award":["20212BBG71013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20212BBG71013"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key R&D Program","award":["20212BBG71013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20212BBG71013"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key R&D Program","award":["20212BBG71013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20212BBG71013"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key R&D Program","award":["20212BBG71013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20212BBG71013"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key R&D Program","award":["20212BBG71013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20212BBG71013"]}]},{"name":"Ganzhou Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project","award":["2022CXRC9621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CXRC9621"]}]},{"name":"Ganzhou Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project","award":["2022CXRC9621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CXRC9621"]}]},{"name":"Ganzhou Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project","award":["2022CXRC9621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CXRC9621"]}]},{"name":"Ganzhou Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project","award":["2022CXRC9621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CXRC9621"]}]},{"name":"Ganzhou Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project","award":["2022CXRC9621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CXRC9621"]}]},{"name":"Ganzhou Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project","award":["2022CXRC9621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CXRC9621"]}]},{"name":"Ganzhou Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project","award":["2022CXRC9621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CXRC9621"]}]},{"name":"Ganzhou Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project","award":["2022CXRC9621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CXRC9621"]}]},{"name":"Ganzhou Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project","award":["2022CXRC9621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CXRC9621"]}]},{"name":"Ganzhou Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project","award":["2022CXRC9621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CXRC9621"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Department of Education Science and Technology Project","award":["GJJ190819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ190819"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Department of Education Science and Technology Project","award":["GJJ190819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ190819"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Department of Education Science and Technology Project","award":["GJJ190819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ190819"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Department of Education Science and Technology Project","award":["GJJ190819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ190819"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Department of Education Science and Technology Project","award":["GJJ190819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ190819"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Department of Education Science and Technology Project","award":["GJJ190819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ190819"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Department of Education Science and Technology Project","award":["GJJ190819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ190819"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Department of Education Science and Technology Project","award":["GJJ190819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ190819"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Department of Education Science and Technology Project","award":["GJJ190819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ190819"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Department of Education Science and Technology Project","award":["GJJ190819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ190819"]}]},{"name":"Ganzhou Science and Technology Guidance Program","award":["GZ2023ZSF097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZ2023ZSF097"]}]},{"name":"Ganzhou Science and Technology Guidance Program","award":["GZ2023ZSF097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZ2023ZSF097"]}]},{"name":"Ganzhou Science and Technology Guidance Program","award":["GZ2023ZSF097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZ2023ZSF097"]}]},{"name":"Ganzhou Science and Technology Guidance Program","award":["GZ2023ZSF097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZ2023ZSF097"]}]},{"name":"Ganzhou Science and Technology Guidance Program","award":["GZ2023ZSF097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZ2023ZSF097"]}]},{"name":"Ganzhou Science and Technology Guidance Program","award":["GZ2023ZSF097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZ2023ZSF097"]}]},{"name":"Ganzhou Science and Technology Guidance Program","award":["GZ2023ZSF097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZ2023ZSF097"]}]},{"name":"Ganzhou Science and Technology Guidance Program","award":["GZ2023ZSF097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZ2023ZSF097"]}]},{"name":"Ganzhou Science and Technology Guidance Program","award":["GZ2023ZSF097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZ2023ZSF097"]}]},{"name":"Ganzhou Science and Technology Guidance Program","award":["GZ2023ZSF097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZ2023ZSF097"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Graduate Student Innovation Fund","award":["YC2025-S234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YC2025-S234"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Discov Onc"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Urological cancers exhibit significant sex differences in incidence, treatment response, and prognosis, with males generally showing higher morbidity and mortality. This review systematically summarizes the underlying molecular and clinical mechanisms of these disparities, focusing on sex hormones, chromosome biology, tumor immune microenvironment, and microbiota. Sex hormones modulate key tumor processes including proliferation, apoptosis, non-apoptotic cell death, and DNA repair. Genetic factors such as X chromosome inactivation escape genes and Y chromosome loss also contribute to sex-biased cancer susceptibility. Furthermore, sex-specific differences in the urinary system and gut microbiota influence local immunity and inflammation, thereby affecting tumor progression and therapeutic response. Lifestyle and environmental factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, and occupational exposures, further exacerbate these disparities. Clinically, sex differences impact the efficacy of immunotherapy and targeted therapies, underscoring the need for sex-informed treatment strategies. Integrating sex as a biological variable in research, clinical practice, and public health policies is essential for advancing precision oncology in urologic cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-026-05029-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T06:53:51Z","timestamp":1777791231000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular mechanisms and clinical impacts of sex differences in urologic cancers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7850-5308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geliu","family":"Shuai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuebin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengxin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanri","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pufang","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenqin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4409-5294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junrong","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7472-4488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5029_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2022.11.023","volume":"84","author":"EJ Schafer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schafer EJ, Jemal A, Wiese D, et al. Disparities and trends in genitourinary cancer incidence and mortality in the USA. Eur Urol. 2023;84(1):117\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2022.11.023.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5029_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21871","volume":"75","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Kratzer TB, Giaquinto AN, Sung H, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2025. Ca. 2025;75(1):10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21871.","journal-title":"Ca"},{"issue":"3","key":"5029_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.02.013","volume":"43","author":"F Conforti","year":"2025","unstructured":"Conforti F, Pala L, Di Mitri D, et al. Sex hormones, the anticancer immune response, and therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Cell. 2025;43(3):343\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.02.013.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"5029_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2019.01.001","volume":"35","author":"L Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang L, Shilatifard A. UTX mutations in human cancer. Cancer Cell. 2019;35(2):168\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2019.01.001.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"73","key":"5029_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abq2630","volume":"7","author":"H Kwon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kwon H, Schafer JM, Song NJ, et al. Androgen conspires with the CD8\u2009+\u2009T cell exhaustion program and contributes to sex bias in cancer. Sci Immunol. 2022;7(73):eabq2630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciimmunol.abq2630.","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5029_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70023","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.70023","volume":"58","author":"J Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang J, Li D, Wu R, Feng D. Cutting-edge advancements in the antibiotics\u2010gut microbiota\u2010urinary tumour axis. Cell Prolif. 2025;58(5):e70023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cpr.70023.","journal-title":"Cell Prolif"},{"issue":"16","key":"5029_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10882","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.16.10882","volume":"272","author":"OW Prall","year":"1997","unstructured":"Prall OW, Sarcevic B, Musgrove EA, Watts CK, Sutherland RL. Estrogen-induced activation of Cdk4 and Cdk2 during G1-S phase progression is accompanied by increased cyclin D1 expression and decreased cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor association with cyclin E-Cdk2. J Biol Chem. 1997;272(16):10882\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.272.16.10882.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"5029_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-040320-103615","volume":"91","author":"EY Rim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rim EY, Clevers H, Nusse R. The wnt pathway: from signaling mechanisms to synthetic modulators. Annu Rev Biochem. 2022;91:571\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-biochem-040320-103615.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"issue":"19","key":"5029_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11193097","volume":"11","author":"L Yedidia-Aryeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yedidia-Aryeh L, Goldberg M. The interplay between the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks and estrogen. Cells. 2022;11(19): 3097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11193097.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"7970","key":"5029_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06234-x","volume":"619","author":"HA Abdel-Hafiz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abdel-Hafiz HA, Schafer JM, Chen X, et al. Y chromosome loss in cancer drives growth by evasion of adaptive immunity. Nature. 2023;619(7970):624\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-023-06234-x.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"5029_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13020315","volume":"13","author":"G Ece","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ece G, Akta\u015f A, Caner A, et al. The urogenital system microbiota: is it a new gamechanger in urogenital cancers? Microorganisms. 2025;13(2): 315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms13020315.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"39","key":"5029_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40255","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C400331200","volume":"279","author":"AP Kouzmenko","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kouzmenko AP, Takeyama K, Ito S, et al. Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin and Estrogen Signaling Converge in Vivo*. J Biol Chem. 2004;279(39):40255\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.C400331200.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"13","key":"5029_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000160353.27927.70","volume":"111","author":"D Somjen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Somjen D, Weisman Y, Kohen F, et al. 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha-hydroxylase is expressed in human vascular smooth muscle cells and is upregulated by parathyroid hormone and estrogenic compounds. Circulation. 2005;111(13):1666\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.CIR.0000160353.27927.70.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"5029_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.10.008","volume":"111","author":"A Corach\u00e1n","year":"2019","unstructured":"Corach\u00e1n A, Ferrero H, Aguilar A, et al. Inhibition of tumor cell proliferation in human uterine leiomyomas by vitamin D via Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway. Fertil Steril. 2019;111(2):397\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.10.008.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"5029_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2010.02.009","volume":"121","author":"AV Krishnan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Krishnan AV, Swami S, Feldman D. Vitamin D and breast cancer: Inhibition of estrogen synthesis and signaling. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2010;121(1):343\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2010.02.009.","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5029_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00801-2","volume":"110","author":"CR Chen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chen CR, Kang Y, Siegel PM, Massagu\u00e9 J. E2F4\/5 and p107 as Smad Cofactors Linking the TGF\u03b2 Receptor to c-myc Repression. Cell. 2002;110(1):19\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00801-2.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"5029_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0619","volume":"8","author":"Y Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang Y, Tong X, Xiao Y, et al. Regulating integrin \u03b21 to restore gonadotropin-releasing hormone\u2013tanycyte unit function in polycystic ovary syndrome-related hypothalamic dysregulation. Research. 2025;8:0619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/research.0619.","journal-title":"Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"5029_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a022277","volume":"9","author":"J Seoane","year":"2017","unstructured":"Seoane J, Gomis RR. TGF-\u03b2 family signaling in tumor suppression and cancer progression. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2017;9(12):a022277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a022277.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"5029_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2023.216468","volume":"579","author":"M Alsamraae","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alsamraae M, Costanzo-Garvey D, Teply BA, et al. Androgen receptor inhibition suppresses anti-tumor neutrophil response against bone metastatic prostate cancer via regulation of T\u03b2RI expression. Cancer Lett. 2023;579:216468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canlet.2023.216468.","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"5029_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-05882-1","volume":"14","author":"L Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang L, Huang W, Bai X, et al. Androgen dihydrotestosterone promotes bladder cancer cell proliferation and invasion via EPPK1-mediated MAPK\/JUP signalling. Cell Death Dis. 2023;14(6):363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-023-05882-1.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"5029_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13062-023-00424-3","volume":"18","author":"Y Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu Y, Wu K, Liu Y, et al. LY6\/PLAUR domain containing 3 (LYPD3) maintains melanoma cell stemness and mediates an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Biol Direct. 2023;18:72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13062-023-00424-3.","journal-title":"Biol Direct"},{"issue":"9","key":"5029_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-023-00761-y","volume":"20","author":"J Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen J, Huang CP, Quan C, et al. The androgen receptor in bladder cancer. Nat Rev Urol. 2023;20(9):560\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41585-023-00761-y.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"5029_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117557","volume":"287","author":"J Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu J, Li J, Liu Y, et al. Tannic acid repair of zearalenone-induced damage by regulating the death receptor and mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway in mice. Environ Pollut. 2021;287:117557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117557.","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"5029_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-024-00942-3","author":"YM Adzavon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Adzavon YM, Culig Z, Sun Z. Interactions between androgen and IGF1 axes in prostate tumorigenesis. Nat Rev Urol. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41585-024-00942-3.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"5029_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-052220-015912","volume":"62","author":"D Westaby","year":"2022","unstructured":"Westaby D, Fenor de La Maza M, Paschalis A, et al. A new old target: androgen receptor signaling and advanced prostate cancer. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2022;62:131\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-052220-015912.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5029_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-21-0519","volume":"21","author":"S Gilbert","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gilbert S, P\u00e9ant B, Malaquin N, et al. Targeting IKK\u03b5 in androgen-independent prostate cancer causes phenotypic senescence and genomic instability. Mol Cancer Ther. 2022;21(3):407\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-21-0519.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"5029_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-021-02264-5","volume":"21","author":"S Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao S, Li P, Wu W, et al. Roles of ferroptosis in urologic malignancies. Cancer Cell Int. 2021;21:676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12935-021-02264-5.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"5029_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9567","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S487740","volume":"17","author":"W Cheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheng W, Chen W, Jia R. The role of pyroptosis in the progression and targeted therapeutic approaches for urological malignancies. J Inflamm Res. 2024;17:9567\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JIR.S487740.","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"5029_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-06045-y","volume":"14","author":"Y Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Y, Lu S, Wu L, Yang L, Yang L, Wang J. The diversified role of mitochondria in ferroptosis in cancer. Cell Death Dis. 2023;14(8):519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-023-06045-y.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"5029_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2023.1223493","volume":"10","author":"W Lai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lai W, Chen J, Wang T, Liu Q. Crosstalk between ferroptosis and steroid hormone signaling in gynecologic cancers. Front Mol Biosci. 2023;10:1223493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmolb.2023.1223493.","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"5029_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107915","volume":"219","author":"D Lv","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lv D, Shi Y, Kou L, Zhang D, Guo Y, Zhao S. Precision targeting of androgen receptor-ferroptosis crosstalk in prostate cancer: from mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. Pharmacol Res. 2025;219:107915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107915.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"5029_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-02195-w","volume":"10","author":"W Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma W, Jiang X, Jia R, Li Y. Mechanisms of ferroptosis and targeted therapeutic approaches in urological malignancies. Cell Death Discov. 2024;10:432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41420-024-02195-w.","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"5029_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-024-00933-w","author":"H Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen H, Lyu F, Gao X. Advances in ferroptosis for castration-resistant prostate cancer treatment: novel drug targets and combination therapy strategies. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41391-024-00933-w.","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"5029_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2016.10.004","volume":"42","author":"J Shi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shi J, Gao W, Shao F. Pyroptosis: gasdermin-mediated programmed necrotic cell death. Trends Biochem Sci. 2017;42(4):245\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tibs.2016.10.004.","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"5029_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-021-02065-8","volume":"40","author":"R Loveless","year":"2021","unstructured":"Loveless R, Bloomquist R, Teng Y. Pyroptosis at the forefront of anticancer immunity. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2021;40:264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13046-021-02065-8.","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"5029_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-021-02065-8","volume":"40","author":"R Loveless","year":"2021","unstructured":"Loveless R, Bloomquist R, Teng Y. Pyroptosis at the forefront of anticancer immunity. J Exp Clin Cancer Res CR. 2021;40: 264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13046-021-02065-8.","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res CR"},{"issue":"4","key":"5029_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14040273","volume":"14","author":"R Vona","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vona R, Cittadini C, Ortona E, Matarrese P. Sex disparity in cancer: role of autophagy and estrogen receptors. Cells. 2025;14(4):273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells14040273.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"23","key":"5029_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312576","volume":"25","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Klionsky DJ, Wang X, Huang Q, Deng Z, Xiang J. The estrogen\u2013autophagy axis: insights into cytoprotection and therapeutic potential in cancer and infection. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(23):12576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms252312576.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"5029_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnad001","volume":"44","author":"A Komarla","year":"2023","unstructured":"Komarla A, Dufresne S, Towers CG. Recent advances in the role of autophagy in endocrine-dependent tumors. Endocr Rev. 2023;44(4):629\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endrev\/bnad001.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"5029_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12081156","volume":"12","author":"Q Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu Q, Sharma D. Autophagy and breast cancer: connected in growth, progression, and therapy. Cells. 2023;12(8):1156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12081156.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"3","key":"5029_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C708","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00199.2023","volume":"325","author":"KE Siatis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Siatis KE, Giannopoulou E, Manou D, et al. Resistance to hormone therapy in breast cancer cells promotes autophagy and EGFR signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2023;325(3):C708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00199.2023.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5029_CR42","first-page":"17","volume":"12","author":"A Rajan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rajan A, Varghese GR, Yadev I, et al. Modulation of BRCA1 mediated DNA damage repair by deregulated ER-\u03b1 signaling in breast cancers. Am J Cancer Res. 2022;12(1):17\u201347.","journal-title":"Am J Cancer Res"},{"key":"5029_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2022.106230","volume":"227","author":"P Rangsrikitphoti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rangsrikitphoti P, Marquez-Garban DC, Pietras RJ, McGowan E, Boonyaratanakornkit V. Sex steroid hormones and DNA repair regulation: implications on cancer treatment responses. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2023;227:106230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2022.106230.","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"5029_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-024-01093-8","volume":"32","author":"J Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang J, Li C, Han J, et al. Reassessing the roles of oxidative DNA base lesion 8-oxoGua and repair enzyme OGG1 in tumorigenesis. J Biomed Sci. 2025;32:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12929-024-01093-8.","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"issue":"684","key":"5029_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ade1857","volume":"15","author":"P Bhardwaj","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bhardwaj P, Iyengar NM, Zahid H, et al. Obesity promotes breast epithelium DNA damage in women carrying a germline mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2. Sci Transl Med. 2023;15(684):eade1857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.ade1857.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"5029_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-024-01901-x","volume":"26","author":"W Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu W, Zhu J, Nihira NT, et al. Ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) plays a critical role in DNA damage response via the phosphorylation of histone lysine demethylase KDM4B. Breast Cancer Res. 2024;26:146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13058-024-01901-x.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"5029_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1096\/fba.2021-00030","volume":"3","author":"T Ueda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ueda T, Kanai A, Komuro A, et al. KDM4B promotes acute myeloid leukemia associated with AML1-ETO by regulating chromatin accessibility. FASEB Bioadv. 2021;3(12):1020\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fba.2021-00030.","journal-title":"FASEB Bioadv"},{"key":"5029_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20513-5","volume":"12","author":"AA Shafi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shafi AA, McNair CM, McCann JJ, et al. The circadian cryptochrome, CRY1, is a pro-tumorigenic factor that rhythmically modulates DNA repair. Nat Commun. 2021;12:401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-20513-5.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"12","key":"5029_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-23-0358","volume":"21","author":"S Hasterok","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hasterok S, Scott TG, Roller DG, et al. The androgen receptor does not directly regulate the transcription of DNA damage response genes. Mol Cancer Res. 2023;21(12):1329\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-23-0358.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Res"},{"issue":"22","key":"5029_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI165718","volume":"133","author":"S Ganguly","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ganguly S, Lone Z, Muskara A, et al. Intratumoral androgen biosynthesis associated with 3\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 promotes resistance to radiotherapy in prostate cancer. J Clin Invest. 2023;133(22):e165718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI165718.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"10398","key":"5029_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01055-3","volume":"402","author":"Talazoparib plus enzalutamide","year":"2023","unstructured":"Talazoparib plus enzalutamide. in men with first-line metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (TALAPRO-2): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10398):291\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01055-3.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"5029_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1677\/erc.1.01255","volume":"15","author":"J Teng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Teng J, Wang ZY, Jarrard DF, Bjorling DE. Roles of estrogen receptor \u03b1 and \u03b2 in modulating urothelial cell proliferation. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2008;15(1):351\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1677\/erc.1.01255.","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"5029_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174746","volume":"12","author":"H Ide","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ide H, Inoue S, Miyamoto H. Histopathological and prognostic significance of the expression of sex hormone receptors in bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of immunohistochemical studies. PLoS One. 2017;12(3):e0174746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0174746.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"18","key":"5029_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15184653","volume":"15","author":"S Belluti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Belluti S, Imbriano C, Casarini L. Nuclear estrogen receptors in prostate cancer: from genes to function. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(18):4653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15184653.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"10","key":"5029_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11101418","volume":"11","author":"E Di Zazzo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Di Zazzo E, Galasso G, Giovannelli P, et al. Estrogen receptors in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of prostate cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(10):1418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers11101418.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"5029_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.935599","volume":"28","author":"J Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li J, Liu Q, Jiang C. Signal crosstalk and the role of estrogen receptor beta (ER\u03b2) in prostate cancer. Med Sci Monit. 2022;28:e935599-1-e935599-7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/MSM.935599.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"5029_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.811578","volume":"12","author":"A Ram\u00edrez-de-Arellano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez-de-Arellano A, Pereira-Su\u00e1rez AL, Rico-Fuentes C, L\u00f3pez-Pulido EI, Villegas-Pineda JC, Sierra-Diaz E. Distribution and effects of estrogen receptors in prostate cancer: associated molecular mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;12:811578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2021.811578.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"5029_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1240386","volume":"11","author":"S Yan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yan S, Wang J, Chen H, Zhang D, Imam M. Divergent features of ER\u03b2 isoforms in triple negative breast cancer: progress and implications for further research. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2023;11:1240386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2023.1240386.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5029_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11030826","volume":"11","author":"NE Jefferi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jefferi NE, Shamhari AA, Noor Azhar NK, et al. The role of ER\u03b1 and ER\u03b2 in castration-resistant prostate cancer and current therapeutic approaches. Biomedicines. 2023;11(3):826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines11030826.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"5029_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-22258-x","volume":"15","author":"GM Young","year":"2025","unstructured":"Young GM, Helms TH, Kulp SK, et al. OSU-ER\u03b2-12: a promising pre-clinical candidate selective estrogen receptor beta agonist. Sci Rep. 2025;15:38377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-22258-x.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5029_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elahi Najafi MA, Matsukawa T, Miyamoto H. Recent advances in understanding the role of sex hormone receptors in urothelial cancer. Oncol Res. 33(6):1255\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/or.2025.062142","DOI":"10.32604\/or.2025.062142"},{"key":"5029_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S236532","volume":"13","author":"Y Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu Y, Ma H, Yao J. ER&alpha;, A Key Target for Cancer Therapy: A Review. OTT. 2020;13:2183\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OTT.S236532.","journal-title":"OTT"},{"issue":"7","key":"5029_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.3390\/life11070642","volume":"11","author":"D Sikic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sikic D, Taubert H, Wirtz RM, et al. High androgen receptor mRNA expression is associated with improved outcome in patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Life (Basel). 2021;11(7):642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life11070642.","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"issue":"11","key":"5029_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-20-3095","volume":"81","author":"JL Sottnik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sottnik JL, Vanderlinden L, Joshi M, et al. Androgen receptor regulates CD44 expression in bladder cancer. Cancer Res. 2021;81(11):2833\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-20-3095.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"5029_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2024.106623","volume":"245","author":"ML De Ieso","year":"2025","unstructured":"De Ieso ML, Aldoghachi AF, Tilley WD, Dwyer AR. Are androgen receptor agonists a treatment option in bladder cancer? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2025;245:106623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2024.106623.","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"5029_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.labinv.2023.100148","author":"A Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun A, Luo Y, Xiao W, et al. Androgen receptor transcriptionally inhibits programmed death ligand-1 expression and influences immune escape in bladder cancer. Lab Invest. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.labinv.2023.100148.","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"5029_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.57274","volume":"9","author":"CL Lim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lim CL, Or YZ, Ong Z, et al. Estrogen exacerbates mammary involution through neutrophil-dependent and -independent mechanism. eLife. 2020;9:e57274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.57274.","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"6","key":"5029_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10061510","volume":"10","author":"O Yajuk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yajuk O, Baron M, Toker S, Zelter T, Fainsod-Levi T, Granot Z. The PD-L1\/PD-1 axis blocks neutrophil cytotoxicity in cancer. Cells. 2021;10(6):1510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells10061510.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"6","key":"5029_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-22-2405","volume":"83","author":"X Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang X, Cheng L, Gao C, et al. Androgen signaling contributes to sex differences in cancer by inhibiting NF-\u03baB activation in T cells and suppressing antitumor immunity. Cancer Res. 2023;83(6):906\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-22-2405.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"5029_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2022.04.007","volume":"40","author":"L Pala","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pala L, De Pas T, Conforti F. Boosting anticancer immunotherapy through androgen receptor blockade. Cancer Cell. 2022;40(5):455\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2022.04.007.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"5029_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01452-1","volume":"8","author":"S Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen S, Saeed AFUH, Liu Q, et al. Macrophages in immunoregulation and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023;8:207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-023-01452-1.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"5029_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012718","volume":"15","author":"M Locati","year":"2020","unstructured":"Locati M, Curtale G, Mantovani A. Diversity, mechanisms and significance of macrophage plasticity. Annu Rev Pathol. 2020;15:123\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012718.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5029_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.11.002","volume":"34","author":"S Artham","year":"2023","unstructured":"Artham S, Chang CY, McDonnell DP. Eosinophilia in cancer and its regulation by sex hormones. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2023;34(1):5\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2022.11.002.","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"5029_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481972","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1481972","volume":"15","author":"Y Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang Y, Wang Y, Zou H, et al. GPER1 signaling restricts macrophage proliferation and accumulation in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1481972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1481972.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5029_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.03.028","volume":"150","author":"A Adachi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Adachi A, Honda T, Egawa G, et al. Estradiol suppresses psoriatic inflammation in mice by regulating neutrophil and macrophage functions. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022;150(4):909-919.e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.03.028.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"17","key":"5029_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13171420","volume":"13","author":"ML Barcena","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barcena ML, Christiansen-Mensch C, Aslam M, Haritonow N, Ladilov Y, Regitz-Zagrosek V. Upregulation of mitochondrial Sirt3 and alleviation of the inflammatory phenotype in macrophages by estrogen. Cells. 2024;13(17):1420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells13171420.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"5029_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmedt.2024.1320690","volume":"6","author":"P Bakhshi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bakhshi P, Ho JQ, Zanganeh S. Sex-specific outcomes in cancer therapy: the central role of hormones. Front Med Technol. 2024;6:1320690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmedt.2024.1320690.","journal-title":"Front Med Technol"},{"key":"5029_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01641","volume":"11","author":"TN Hreha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hreha TN, Collins CA, Daugherty AL, Griffith JM, Hruska KA, Hunstad DA. Androgen-influenced polarization of activin A-producing macrophages accompanies post-pyelonephritic renal scarring. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01641.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5029_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.12.001","volume":"32","author":"A Rehman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rehman A, Pacher P, Hask\u00f3 G. Role of macrophages in the endocrine system. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2021;32(4):238\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2020.12.001.","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"21","key":"5029_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5477","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-20-4028","volume":"81","author":"A El-Kenawi","year":"2021","unstructured":"El-Kenawi A, Dominguez-Viqueira W, Liu M, et al. Macrophage-derived cholesterol contributes to therapeutic resistance in prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 2021;81(21):5477\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-20-4028.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"5029_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18313-y","volume":"11","author":"B Cioni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cioni B, Zaalberg A, van Beijnum JR, et al. Androgen receptor signalling in macrophages promotes TREM-1-mediated prostate cancer cell line migration and invasion. Nat Commun. 2020;11:4498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-18313-y.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"5029_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03170-23","volume":"15","author":"TN Hreha","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hreha TN, Collins CA, Cole EB, Jin RJ, Hunstad DA. Androgen exposure impairs neutrophil maturation and function within the infected kidney. mBio. 2024;15(2):e03170-23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.03170-23.","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"5","key":"5029_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-022-00549-0","volume":"15","author":"L Deltourbe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deltourbe L, Lacerda Mariano L, Hreha TN, Hunstad DA, Ingersoll MA. The impact of biological sex on diseases of the urinary tract. Mucosal Immunol. 2022;15(5):857\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41385-022-00549-0.","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"5029_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.05.012","volume":"55","author":"C Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang C, Jin J, Yang Y, et al. Androgen receptor-mediated CD8\u2009+\u2009T cell stemness programs drive sex differences in antitumor immunity. Immunity. 2022;55(7):1268-1283.e9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.05.012.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"8","key":"5029_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-RW2022-117","volume":"12","author":"Androgen Receptor Signaling Reduces Male Antitumor CD8\u2009+\u2009T-cell Activity","year":"2022","unstructured":"Androgen Receptor Signaling Reduces Male Antitumor CD8\u2009+\u2009T-cell Activity. Cancer Discov. 2022;12(8):1836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-RW2022-117.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"1","key":"5029_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2021.188647","volume":"1877","author":"JA Pinto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pinto JA, Araujo JM, G\u00f3mez HL. Sex, immunity, and cancer. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer. 2022;1877(1):188647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbcan.2021.188647.","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer"},{"issue":"18","key":"5029_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12182245","volume":"12","author":"F Caramia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Caramia F, Speed TP, Shen H, Haupt Y, Haupt S. Establishing the link between X-chromosome aberrations and TP53 status, with breast cancer patient outcomes. Cells. 2023;12(18):2245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12182245.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"15","key":"5029_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2949","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03469-z","volume":"77","author":"D Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang D, Tang L, Wu Y, et al. Abnormal X chromosome inactivation and tumor development. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2020;77(15):2949\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-020-03469-z.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5029_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3726","volume":"49","author":"A Dunford","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dunford A, Weinstock DM, Savova V, et al. Tumor suppressor genes that escape from X-inactivation contribute to cancer sex bias. Nat Genet. 2017;49(1):10\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng.3726.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"5029_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djz232","volume":"112","author":"A C\u00e1ceres","year":"2020","unstructured":"C\u00e1ceres A, Jene A, Esko T, P\u00e9rez-Jurado LA, Gonz\u00e1lez JR. Extreme downregulation of chromosome Y and cancer risk in men. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2020;112(9):913\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djz232.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"5029_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05084-w","volume":"9","author":"X Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li X, Zhang Y, Zheng L, Liu M, Chen CD, Jiang H. UTX is an escape from X-inactivation tumor-suppressor in B cell lymphoma. Nat Commun. 2018;9:2720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-05084-w.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"5029_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-024-00805-y","volume":"26","author":"B Bruhn-Olszewska","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bruhn-Olszewska B, Markljung E, Rychlicka-Buniowska E, Sarkisyan D, Filipowicz N, Dumanski JP. The effects of loss of Y chromosome on male health. Nat Rev Genet. 2025;26(5):320\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41576-024-00805-y.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"5029_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-18-2566","volume":"79","author":"E Loftfield","year":"2019","unstructured":"Loftfield E, Zhou W, Yeager M, Chanock SJ, Freedman ND, Machiela MJ. Mosaic Y loss is moderately associated with solid tumor risk. Cancer Res. 2019;79(3):461\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-18-2566.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5029_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.09.013","volume":"14","author":"N Qin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qin N, Li N, Wang C, et al. Association of Mosaic Loss of Chromosome Y with Lung Cancer Risk and Prognosis in a Chinese Population. J Thorac Oncol. 2019;14(1):37\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.09.013.","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5029_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3821","volume":"49","author":"DJ Wright","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wright DJ, Day FR, Kerrison ND, et al. Genetic variants associated with mosaic Y chromosome loss highlight cell cycle genes and overlap with cancer susceptibility. Nat Genet. 2017;49(5):674\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng.3821.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"5029_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110636","author":"A K\u00f6ferle","year":"2022","unstructured":"K\u00f6ferle A, Schlattl A, H\u00f6rmann A, et al. Interrogation of cancer gene dependencies reveals paralog interactions of autosome and sex chromosome-encoded genes. Cell Rep. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110636.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"5029_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2017.128","volume":"25","author":"AA Maan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maan AA, Eales J, Akbarov A, et al. The Y chromosome: a blueprint for men\u2019s health? Eur J Hum Genet. 2017;25(11):1181\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ejhg.2017.128.","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"8","key":"5029_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-RW2023-102","volume":"13","author":"Y Chromosome Loss Drives Bladder Cancer Aggressiveness and Immune Evasion","year":"2023","unstructured":"Y Chromosome Loss Drives Bladder Cancer Aggressiveness and Immune Evasion. Cancer Discov. 2023;13(8):1761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-RW2023-102.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"7970","key":"5029_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06254-7","volume":"619","author":"J Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li J, Lan Z, Liao W, et al. Histone demethylase KDM5D upregulation drives sex differences in colon cancer. Nature. 2023;619(7970):632\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-023-06254-7.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"41","key":"5029_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5422","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2016.80","volume":"35","author":"F Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu F, Yuan JH, Huang JF, et al. Long noncoding RNA FTX inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and metastasis by binding MCM2 and miR-374a. Oncogene. 2016;35(41):5422\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/onc.2016.80.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"5029_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04510-y","volume":"21","author":"C Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang C, Azizi P, Vazirzadeh M, et al. Non-coding RNAs\/DNMT3B axis in human cancers: from pathogenesis to clinical significance. J Transl Med. 2023;21:621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-023-04510-y.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"5029_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2019.08.004","volume":"35","author":"JT Hua","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hua JT, Chen S, He HH. Landscape of noncoding RNA in prostate cancer. Trends Genet. 2019;35(11):840\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tig.2019.08.004.","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"5029_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncrna.2023.12.005","volume":"9","author":"J Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu J, Li Q, Wu Z, Xu W, Jiang R. Circular RNA-mediated miRNA sponge & RNA binding protein in biological modulation of breast cancer. Noncoding RNA Res. 2024;9(1):262\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ncrna.2023.12.005.","journal-title":"Noncoding RNA Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"5029_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5228","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad280","volume":"51","author":"YJ Fan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fan YJ, Ding Z, Zhang Y, et al. Sex-lethal regulates back-splicing and generation of the sex-differentially expressed circular RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 2023;51(10):5228\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkad280.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"5029_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-020-0110-5","volume":"4","author":"S Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu S, Lai W, Shi Y, et al. Annotation and cluster analysis of long noncoding RNA linked to male sex and estrogen in cancers. NPJ Precis Oncol. 2020;4:5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41698-020-0110-5.","journal-title":"NPJ Precis Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5029_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2022.04.007","volume":"9","author":"J Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li J, Ming Z, Yang L, Wang T, Liu G, Ma Q. Long noncoding RNA XIST: mechanisms for X chromosome inactivation, roles in sex-biased diseases, and therapeutic opportunities. Genes Dis. 2022;9(6):1478\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gendis.2022.04.007.","journal-title":"Genes Dis"},{"key":"5029_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-04249-0","volume":"5","author":"T Shao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shao T, Xie Y, Shi J, et al. Surveying lncRNA-lncRNA cooperations reveals dominant effect on tumor immunity cross cancers. Commun Biol. 2022;5:1324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-022-04249-0.","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5029_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncrna.2024.06.010","volume":"9","author":"X Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li X, Wu Y, Jin Y. Exosomal lncRNAs and circRNAs in lung cancer: emerging regulators and potential therapeutic targets. Noncoding RNA Res. 2024;9(4):1069\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ncrna.2024.06.010.","journal-title":"Noncoding RNA Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"5029_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12081862","volume":"12","author":"SH Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu SH, Jung SI. The potential role of urinary microbiome in benign prostate hyperplasia\/lower urinary tract symptoms. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022;12(8):1862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics12081862.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"5029_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.2040174.087","volume":"25","author":"MS Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim MS, Jung SI. The urinary tract microbiome in male genitourinary diseases: focusing on benign prostate hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms. Int Neurourol J. 2021;25(1):3\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5213\/inj.2040174.087.","journal-title":"Int Neurourol J"},{"key":"5029_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.718776","volume":"12","author":"M Parra-Grande","year":"2022","unstructured":"Parra-Grande M, Or\u00e9-Arce M, Mart\u00ednez-Priego L, et al. Profiling the bladder microbiota in patients with bladder cancer. Front Microbiol. 2022;12:718776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.718776.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5029_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3595","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46040225","volume":"46","author":"K Bilski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bilski K, \u017beber-Lubecka N, Kulecka M, et al. Microbiome sex-related diversity in non-muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024;46(4):3595\u2013609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cimb46040225.","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5029_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life13030812","volume":"13","author":"NA Heidar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Heidar NA, Bhat TA, Shabir U, Hussein AA. The urinary microbiome and bladder cancer. Life. 2023;13(3):812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life13030812.","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"5029_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9202491","volume":"2022","author":"N Jing","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jing N, Wang L, Zhuang H, Ai C, Jiang G, Liu Z. Sex-biased immune responses to antibiotics during anti-PD-L1 treatment in mice with colon cancer. J Immunol Res. 2022;2022:9202491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/9202491.","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"issue":"26","key":"5029_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68701","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-27132-9","volume":"30","author":"F Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu F, Han Z, Lu J, Zhong W. Development and validation of a tobacco smoking-related index for predicting overall survival and immunotherapy response in bladder cancer. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023;30(26):68701\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-023-27132-9.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"5029_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34228","volume":"151","author":"J Xiong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiong J, Yang L, Deng YQ, et al. The causal association between smoking, alcohol consumption and risk of bladder cancer: A univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study. Int J Cancer. 2022;151(12):2136\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.34228.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"5029_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41389-023-00489-9","volume":"12","author":"B Doshi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Doshi B, Athans SR, Woloszynska A. Biological differences underlying sex and gender disparities in bladder cancer: current synopsis and future directions. Oncogenesis. 2023;12(1):44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41389-023-00489-9.","journal-title":"Oncogenesis"},{"issue":"5","key":"5029_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-023-02357-0","volume":"129","author":"NK Shala","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shala NK, Stenehjem JS, Babigumira R, et al. Exposure to benzene and other hydrocarbons and risk of bladder cancer among male offshore petroleum workers. Br J Cancer. 2023;129(5):838\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41416-023-02357-0.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"5029_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34560","volume":"153","author":"B Hosseini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hosseini B, Zendehdel K, Bouaoun L, et al. Bladder cancer risk in relation to occupations held in a nationwide case-control study in Iran. Int J Cancer. 2023;153(4):765\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.34560.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"5029_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2480","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31028","volume":"141","author":"H Masaoka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Masaoka H, Matsuo K, Sawada N, et al. Alcohol consumption and bladder cancer risk with or without the flushing response: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Int J Cancer. 2017;141(12):2480\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.31028.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"5029_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30894","volume":"141","author":"E Botteri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Botteri E, Ferrari P, Roswall N, et al. Alcohol consumption and risk of urothelial cell bladder cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort. Int J Cancer. 2017;141(10):1963\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.30894.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"5029_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34253","volume":"152","author":"Y Mahamat-Saleh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mahamat-Saleh Y, Al\u2010Rahmoun M, Severi G, et al. Baseline and lifetime alcohol consumption and risk of skin cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort (EPIC). Int J Cancer. 2023;152(3):348\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.34253.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"5029_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31103","volume":"142","author":"SO Antwi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Antwi SO, Eckel-Passow JE, Diehl ND, et al. Alcohol consumption, variability in alcohol dehydrogenase genes and risk of renal cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 2018;142(4):747\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.31103.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"5029_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-01931-8","volume":"19","author":"EYW Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu EYW, Wesselius A, Mehrkanoon S, et al. Vegetable intake and the risk of bladder cancer in the BLadder cancer epidemiology and nutritional determinants (BLEND) international study. BMC Med. 2021;19:56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-021-01931-8.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"5029_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3394","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33173","volume":"147","author":"M Dianatinasab","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dianatinasab M, Wesselius A, Salehi-Abargouei A, et al. Adherence to a western dietary pattern and risk of bladder cancer: a pooled analysis of 13 cohort studies of the Bladder cancer epidemiology and nutritional determinants international study. Int J Cancer. 2020;147(12):3394\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.33173.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"5029_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33008","volume":"147","author":"SHJ Jochems","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jochems SHJ, Reulen RC, van Osch FHM, et al. Fruit consumption and the risk of bladder cancer: a pooled analysis by the Bladder cancer epidemiology and nutritional determinants study. Int J Cancer. 2020;147(8):2091\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.33008.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"5029_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr-22-146","volume":"11","author":"MG Choi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Choi MG, Choi CM, Lee DH, et al. Impact of gender on response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing second- or later-line treatment. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2022;11(9):1866\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/tlcr-22-146.","journal-title":"Transl Lung Cancer Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"5029_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.90","volume":"16","author":"SL Klein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Klein SL, Flanagan KL. Sex differences in immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol. 2016;16(10):626\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri.2016.90.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"5029_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2024.09.004","volume":"209","author":"T Vaval\u00e0","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vaval\u00e0 T. Immunotherapy outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer according to a gender perspective. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2024;209:241\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2024.09.004.","journal-title":"Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"5029_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-023-03826-2","volume":"13","author":"S Singh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singh S, Singh N, Baranwal M, Sharma S, Devi SSK, Kumar S. Understanding immune checkpoints and PD-1\/PD-L1-mediated immune resistance towards tumour immunotherapy. 3 Biotech. 2023;13(12):411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13205-023-03826-2.","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"5029_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117899","volume":"256","author":"M Ashrafizadeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Hushmandi K, et al. PD-1\/PD-L1 axis regulation in cancer therapy: the role of long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs. Life Sci. 2020;256:117899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117899.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"5029_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2021.100251","volume":"6","author":"F Conforti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Conforti F, Pala L, Pagan E, et al. Sex-based differences in response to anti-PD-1 or PD-L1 treatment in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer expressing high PD-L1 levels. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. ESMO Open. 2021;6(5):100251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.esmoop.2021.100251.","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"5029_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30261-4","volume":"19","author":"F Conforti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Conforti F, Pala L, Bagnardi V, et al. Cancer immunotherapy efficacy and patients\u2019 sex: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(6):737\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30261-4.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"5029_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1613683","volume":"376","author":"J Bellmunt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bellmunt J, Wit R, Vaughn DJ, et al. Pembrolizumab as second-line therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(11):1015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1613683.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10064","key":"5029_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32455-2","volume":"389","author":"AV Balar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Balar AV, Galsky MD, Rosenberg JE, et al. Atezolizumab as first-line treatment in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2017;389(10064):67\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32455-2.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"5029_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5045","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.106465","volume":"15","author":"X Tao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tao X, Wang Y, Xiang B, et al. Sex bias in tumor immunity: insights from immune cells. Theranostics. 2025;15(11):5045\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/thno.106465.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"5029_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2025.11.003","author":"DA Bader","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bader DA, Chakraborty B, McDonnell DP, Hirschey MD. Targeting androgen receptor signaling to enhance cancer immunotherapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tips.2025.11.003.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci."},{"key":"5029_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-22-2405","author":"Z X","year":"2023","unstructured":"X Z, L C, C G, et al. Androgen signaling contributes to sex differences in cancer by inhibiting NF-\u03baB activation in T cells and suppressing antitumor immunity. Cancer Res. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-22-2405.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"5029_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3816","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1702211114","volume":"114","author":"W Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu W, Maneix L, Insunza J, et al. Estrogen receptor \u03b2, a regulator of androgen receptor signaling in the mouse ventral prostate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114(19):E3816\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1702211114.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"5029_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41389-018-0027-9","volume":"7","author":"G Pinton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pinton G, Nilsson S, Moro L. Targeting estrogen receptor beta (ER\u03b2) for treatment of ovarian cancer: importance of KDM6B and SIRT1 for ER\u03b2 expression and functionality. Oncogenesis. 2018;7(2):15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41389-018-0027-9.","journal-title":"Oncogenesis"},{"issue":"11","key":"5029_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-018-0155-5","volume":"50","author":"Z Ou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ou Z, Wang Y, Chen J, et al. Estrogen receptor \u03b2 promotes bladder cancer growth and invasion via alteration of miR-92a\/DAB2IP signals. Exp Mol Med. 2018;50(11): 152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s12276-018-0155-5.","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"5029_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-002944","volume":"10","author":"D Tong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tong D. Selective estrogen receptor modulators contribute to prostate cancer treatment by regulating the tumor immune microenvironment. J Immunother Cancer. 2022;10(4):e002944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jitc-2021-002944.","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"5029_CR143","first-page":"2523","volume":"10","author":"T Goto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goto T, Kashiwagi E, Jiang G, et al. Estrogen receptor-\u03b2 signaling induces cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer. Am J Cancer Res. 2020;10(8):2523\u201334.","journal-title":"Am J Cancer Res"},{"key":"5029_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1642956","volume":"16","author":"CM Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang CM, Ge ZB, Zhou HH, et al. Sex chromosomes\/hormones and the tumor microenvironment of non-reproductive cancers. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1642956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1642956.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"5029_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2025.11.009","author":"LAC Sanchez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sanchez LAC, Rheinbay E. Lost but not least: Y chromosome loss as a driver of cancer. Trends Cancer. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trecan.2025.11.009.","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"5029_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.08.005","volume":"32","author":"CD Hurst","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hurst CD, Alder O, Platt FM, et al. Genomic Subtypes of Non-Invasive Bladder Cancer with Distinct Metabolic Profile, Clinical Outcome and Female Gender Bias in KDM6A Mutation Frequency. Cancer Cell. 2017;32(5):701\u2013e7157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.08.005.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"5029_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-07818-3","volume":"16","author":"J Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang J, Xiang S, Liu D, et al. KDM6A downregulation promotes tumor-prone cytokines expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts by activating enhancers. Cell Death Dis. 2025;16(1):523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-025-07818-3.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"5029_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-020-00291-x","volume":"11","author":"JB Rubin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rubin JB, Lagas JS, Broestl L, et al. Sex differences in cancer mechanisms. Biol Sex Differ. 2020;11:17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13293-020-00291-x.","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"issue":"5","key":"5029_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2016.04.001","volume":"29","author":"Y Yuan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yuan Y, Liu L, Chen H, et al. Comprehensive characterization of molecular differences in cancer between male and female patients. Cancer Cell. 2016;29(5):711\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2016.04.001.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"}],"container-title":["Discover Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12672-026-05029-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12672-026-05029-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12672-026-05029-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T22:31:08Z","timestamp":1782081068000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12672-026-05029-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]]},"references-count":149,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12672-026-05029-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-6011"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2730-6011","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have read and agree to publish.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"930"}}