{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:10:47Z","timestamp":1788999047370,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":77,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009330","name":"Medical Science and Technology Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A2023279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A2023279"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Discov Onc"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-026-05457-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T04:04:51Z","timestamp":1782360291000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sustained improvement in survival for primary ocular adnexal lymphoma from 2005 to 2024 by model-based period analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianfen","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyin","family":"Sha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5457_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197201)29:1<252::AID-CNCR2820290138>3.0.CO;2-#","volume":"29","author":"C Freeman","year":"1972","unstructured":"Freeman C, Berg JW, Cutler SJ. Occurrence and prognosis of extranodal lymphomas. Cancer. 1972;29(1):252\u201360.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"5457_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7886","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-58508-7","volume":"14","author":"AS Alfaar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alfaar AS, Yousef YA, Hassanain MWW, Kakkassery O, Moustafa V, Kunbaz M, Esmael A, Strauss A O. Declining incidence and improving survival of ocular and orbital lymphomas in the US between 1995 and 2018. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):7886. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-58508-7.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5457_CR3","unstructured":"The Surveillance Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Cancer stat facts. 2024. https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/statfacts\/html\/nhl.html"},{"key":"5457_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.11.002","volume":"199","author":"TG Olsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Olsen TG, Holm F, Mikkelsen LH, Rasmussen PK, Coupland SE, Esmaeli B, Finger PT, Graue GF, Grossniklaus HE, Honavar SG, Khong JJ, McKelvie PA, Mulay K, Sj\u00f6 LD, Vemuganti GK, Thuro BA, Heegaard S. Orbital Lymphoma-An International Multicenter Retrospective Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019;199:44\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.11.002.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5457_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/IIO.0000000000000301","volume":"60","author":"JD Deaner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deaner JD, Giacometti JN. Rituximab in Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma and Orbital Inflammatory Disease. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2020;60(2):63\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IIO.0000000000000301.","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"5457_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18590","volume":"200","author":"D Qualls","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qualls D, Imber BS, Okwali M, Hamlin PA, Kumar A, Lahoud OB, Matasar MJ, Noy A, Owens C, Zelenetz AD, North VS, Schoder H, Dogan A, Salles G, Yahalom J, Falchi L. Long-term outcomes of patients with limited-stage ocular adnexal DLBCL treated with combined modality therapy in the rituximab era. Br J Haematol. 2023;200(4):524\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjh.18590.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5457_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.05.037","volume":"125","author":"MT Yen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yen MT, Bilyk JR, Wladis EJ, Bradley EA, Mawn LA. Treatments for Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2018;125(1):127\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.05.037.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"5457_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.4644","volume":"133","author":"HD Munch-Petersen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Munch-Petersen HD, Rasmussen PK, Coupland SE, Esmaeli B, Finger PT, Graue GF, Grossniklaus HE, Honavar SG, Khong JJ, McKelvie PA, Mulay K, Prause JU, Ralfkiaer E, Sj\u00f6 LD, Sniegowski MC, Vemuganti GK, Heegaard S. Ocular adnexal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a multicenter international study. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015;133(2):165\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.4644.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"5457_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581856","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/581856","volume":"2013","author":"E Vali Khojeini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vali Khojeini E, Durham BH, Chen M. Mantle cell lymphoma and involvement of the orbit and ocular adnexa. Case Rep Pathol. 2013;2013:581856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/581856.","journal-title":"Case Rep Pathol"},{"issue":"10","key":"5457_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19951115)76:10<1687::aid-cncr2820761002>3.0.co;2-i","volume":"76","author":"DE Henson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Henson DE, Ries LA. The relative survival rate. Cancer. 1995;76(10):1687\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-0142(19951115)76:10%3C1687::aid-cncr2820761002%3E3.0.co;2-i.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"5457_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e94","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15927","volume":"186","author":"TA Eyre","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eyre TA, Martinez-Calle N, Hildyard C, Eyre DW, Plaschkes H, Griffith J, Wolf J, Fields PA, Gunawan A, Oliver R, Booth S, McMillan A, Fox CP, Bishton M, Collins GP, Hatton CSR. Male gender is an independent predictor for worse survival and relapse in a large, consecutive cohort of elderly DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP. Br J Haematol. 2019;186(4):e94\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjh.15927.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5457_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15699","volume":"186","author":"J Luo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luo J, Wang SS, Lu Y, Sullivan-Halley J, Cozen W, Ma H, Bernstein L. Pregnancy-related factors and risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma among women in Los Angeles. Br J Haematol. 2019;186(1):133\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjh.15699.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5457_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26744","volume":"98","author":"C Radkiewicz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Radkiewicz C, Bruchfeld JB, Weibull CE, Jeppesen ML, Frederiksen H, Lambe M, Jakobsen L, El-Galaly TC, Smedby KE, W\u00e4sterlid T. Sex differences in lymphoma incidence and mortality by subtype: A population-based study. Am J Hematol. 2023;98(1):23\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.26744.","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5457_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2015.53289","volume":"11","author":"M Yildirim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yildirim M, Kaya V, Demirpence O, Paydas S. The role of gender in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma treated with rituximab-containing regimens: a meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci. 2015;11(4):708\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/aoms.2015.53289.","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"5457_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186x.2015.1026455","volume":"54","author":"G Hedstr\u00f6m","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hedstr\u00f6m G, Peterson S, Berglund M, Jerkeman M, Enblad G. Male gender is an adverse risk factor only in young patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma - a Swedish population-based study. Acta Oncol. 2015;54(6):924\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/0284186x.2015.1026455.","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5457_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24401","volume":"91","author":"C Nabhan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nabhan C, Zhou X, Day BM, Dawson K, Zelenetz AD, Friedberg JW, Cerhan JR, Link BK, Flowers CR. Disease, treatment, and outcome differences between men and women with follicular lymphoma in the United States. Am J Hematol. 2016;91(8):770\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.24401.","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5457_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-35808-6","volume":"14","author":"Y Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang Y, Shan Y, Zhang W, Lee AM, Li F, Stranger BE, Huang RS. Deciphering genetic causes for sex differences in human health through drug metabolism and transporter genes. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-35808-6.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5457_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-72356-3_5","volume-title":"A Demographic Perspective on Gender, Family and Health in Europe","author":"A Oksuzyan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Oksuzyan A, Gum\u00e0 J, Doblhammer G. Sex Differences in Health and Survival. In: Doblhammer G, Gum\u00e0 J, editors. A Demographic Perspective on Gender, Family and Health in Europe. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2018. pp. 65\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-72356-3_5."},{"issue":"2","key":"5457_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.4415\/ANN_16_02_06","volume":"52","author":"R Vari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vari R, Scazzocchio B, D\u2019Amore A, Giovannini C, Gessani S, Masella R. Gender-related differences in lifestyle may affect health status. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2016;52(2):158\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4415\/ANN_16_02_06.","journal-title":"Ann Ist Super Sanita"},{"issue":"3","key":"5457_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-4534.343368","volume":"35","author":"CA Fernandez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fernandez CA, Henry RK, Shields CL, Bilyk JR, Lally SE, Eagle RC, Milman T. Ocular adnexal lymphoma: A single-institution retrospective study. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2021;35(3):230\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1319-4534.343368.","journal-title":"Saudi J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5457_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14122","volume":"50","author":"F Peng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peng F, Su W, Zhang A, Huo B, Song T, Wei Z, Geng Z, Wang L. Investigation of epidemiological characteristics and development of a nomogram to predict survival in primary ocular adnexal lymphoma. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2022;50(6):615\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ceo.14122.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5457_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2019.1704032","volume":"39","author":"OM Ahmed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmed OM, Ma AK, Ahmed TM, Pointdujour-Lim R. Epidemiology, outcomes, and prognostic factors of orbital lymphoma in the United States. Orbit. 2020;39(6):397\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01676830.2019.1704032.","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"issue":"7","key":"5457_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-01198-y","volume":"35","author":"CR Hsu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hsu CR, Chen YY, Yao M, Wei YH, Hsieh YT, Liao SL. Orbital and ocular adnexal lymphoma: a review of epidemiology and prognostic factors in Taiwan. Eye (Lond). 2021;35(7):1946\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-020-01198-y.","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"3","key":"5457_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2514","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5092","volume":"12","author":"Y Liang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liang Y, Fu RY, Liu XL, Liu XD, Piao YS, Ma JM, Wang L. Long-term survival outcomes of patients with primary ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma: A large single-center cohort study. Cancer Med. 2023;12(3):2514\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.5092.","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"5457_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942122","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.942122","volume":"12","author":"S Xie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xie S, Yu Z, Feng A, Zheng S, Li Y, Zeng Y, Lyu J. Analysis and prediction of relative survival trends in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the United States using a model-based period analysis method. Front Oncol. 2022;12:942122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2022.942122.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5457_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2019.09.599","volume":"20","author":"L Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen L, Payne JB, Dance KV, Imbody CB, Ho CD, Ayers AA, Flowers CR. Priorities for Rural Lymphoma Survivors: A Qualitative Study. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2020;20(1):47\u2013e5243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clml.2019.09.599.","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"issue":"166","key":"5457_CR27","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"DD Ingram","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ingram DD, Franco SJ. 2013 NCHS Urban-Rural Classification Scheme for Counties. Vital Health Stat. 2014;2(166):1\u201373.","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat"},{"issue":"7","key":"5457_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2018.1546855","volume":"60","author":"AJ Ritter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ritter AJ, Goldstein JS, Ayers AA, Flowers CR. Rural and urban patients with diffuse large B-cell and follicular lymphoma experience reduced overall survival: a National Cancer DataBase study. Leuk Lymphoma. 2019;60(7):1656\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10428194.2018.1546855.","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"5457_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2016.05.022","volume":"94","author":"DJ Sadowski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sadowski DJ, Geiger SW, Mueller GS, Zahnd WE, Alanee SR, McVary KT. Kidney Cancer in Rural Illinois: Lower Incidence Yet Higher Mortality Rates. Urology. 2016;94:90\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2016.05.022.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"10","key":"5457_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59101775","volume":"59","author":"JH Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee JH, Yun J. Diffuse Large B-Cell lymphoma Misdiagnosed as a Hematoma: Case Report. Medicina. 2023;59(10):1775.","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"3","key":"5457_CR31","first-page":"26","volume":"XLVII","author":"S Vylkanov","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vylkanov S, Trifonova K, Slaveykov K, Dzhelebov D. Primary orbital lymphoma - a challenging diagnosis. Acta Med Bulg. 2020;XLVII(3):26\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Med Bulg"},{"issue":"1","key":"5457_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.08.002","volume":"64","author":"TG Olsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Olsen TG, Heegaard S. Orbital lymphoma. Surv Ophthalmol. 2019;64(1):45\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.08.002.","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"5457_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.4810","volume":"135","author":"MKH Knudsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Knudsen MKH, Rasmussen PK, Coupland SE, Esmaeli B, Finger PT, Graue GF, Grossniklaus HE, Khong JJ, McKelvie PA, Mulay K, Ralfkiaer E, Sj\u00f6 LD, Vemuganti GK, Thuro BA, Curtin J, Heegaard S. Clinicopathological Features of Ocular Adnexal Mantle-Cell Lymphoma in an International Multicenter Cohort. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2017;135(12):1367\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.4810.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5457_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.6122","volume":"134","author":"MM Kirkegaard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kirkegaard MM, Rasmussen PK, Coupland SE, Esmaeli B, Finger PT, Graue GF, Grossniklaus HE, Honavar SG, Khong JJ, McKelvie PA, Mulay K, Prause JU, Ralfkiaer E, Sjo LD, Toft PB, Vemuganti GK, Thuro BA, Curtin J, Heegaard S. Conjunctival Lymphoma\u2013An International Multicenter Retrospective Study. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016;134(4):406\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.6122.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"5457_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.02.004","volume":"177","author":"FH Svendsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Svendsen FH, Rasmussen PK, Coupland SE, Esmaeli B, Finger PT, Graue GF, Grossniklaus HE, Honavar SG, Khong JJ, McKelvie PA, Mulay K, Ralfkiaer E, Sjo LD, Vemuganti GK, Thuro BA, Curtin J, Heegaard S. Lymphoma of the Eyelid - An International Multicenter Retrospective Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017;177:58\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.02.004.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Discover Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12672-026-05457-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12672-026-05457-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12672-026-05457-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T23:46:25Z","timestamp":1788997585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12672-026-05457-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5457"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12672-026-05457-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-6011"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2730-6011","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University granted an exemption for this study, as it involved analysis of publicly available, de-identified data from the SEER registry. Not applicable. This study utilized publicly available, de-identified data; therefore, informed consent from participants was not required.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1320"}}