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The animal experiments were reviewed and approved by the Laboratory Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee of Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine). All animal procedures were conducted in accordance with the approved protocol and applicable institutional guidelines and regulations for the care and use of laboratory animals. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before the collection of cancer tissue samples. The present study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and conducted in accordance with ethical principles of clinical research.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable. All data presented in this manuscript are de-identified and reported in an aggregated form. No personally identifiable information, including names, medical record numbers, facial images, or other unique identifiers, is included. The written informed consent obtained for biological sample collection covered the use of the samples and associated data for medical scientific research and publication. Therefore, separate consent for publication was not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1269"}}