{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T20:20:32Z","timestamp":1787948432688,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C22770\/A31523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C22770\/A31523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Community Genet"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Breast cancer risk prediction tools are increasingly used in clinical practice to guide early detection, prevention, and shared decision-making. Unlike population-level screening, personalised risk estimates incorporate individual factors (family history, genetics, lifestyle, breast density), providing tailored assessments. These tools show promise for improving patient engagement and targeted prevention, but require effective implementation to ensure they enhance rather than complicate care. This review explores healthcare professionals\u2019 experiences with providing personalised breast cancer risk estimates and women\u2019s experiences of receiving them in clinical settings. Four online databases were searched for qualitative studies on the use of personalised risk estimates in clinical practice. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Seven papers were included; the majority based in the UK screening setting. Most used interview and focus-groups, with thematic analysis. Both healthcare professionals and women expressed high acceptance of personalised risk estimates. Women found the information empowering and useful for future health planning. Effective communication and prompt follow-up from healthcare professionals were crucial for positive experiences. Professionals highlighted challenges in implementation, including the need for additional healthcare professionals, safe care pathways, and technology. The studies focused on stratified breast screening, raising questions about offering less frequent screening to lower-risk women. This approach must be supported by strong evidence, and women should retain choice in screening intervals. Personalised risk estimates are favourably viewed in clinical practice, but studies mainly examined research settings. Further research is needed to understand real-world implementation, identify barriers, and optimise use across diverse clinical environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12687-026-00918-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T07:23:50Z","timestamp":1783322630000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Experiences of implementation of personalised risk estimates for breast cancer in clinical practice: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5711-6341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N. B.","family":"Fennell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Abukar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2879-4020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Linneker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2047-2817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7880-0628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Tischkowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1349-7178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Archer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"918_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s12687-024-00735-6","volume":"15","author":"F Aldila","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aldila F, Fj FN, Audrienna J, Sj LL, Tang S, Tanu SG et al (2024) What do women want to see in a personalized breast cancer risk report? A qualitative study of Asian women of two countries. J Community Genet 15(5):517\u2013528","journal-title":"J Community Genet"},{"issue":"11","key":"918_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14112716","volume":"14","author":"S Archer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Archer S, Fennell N, Colvin E, Laquindanum R, Mills M, Dennis R et al (2022) Personalised risk prediction in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer: a protocol for a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. Cancers 14(11):2716","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"16","key":"918_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13164150","volume":"13","author":"S Bellhouse","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bellhouse S, Hawkes RE, Howell SJ, Gorman L, French DP (2021) Breast cancer risk assessment and primary prevention advice in primary care: a systematic review of provider attitudes and routine behaviours. Cancers 13(16):4150","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"2","key":"918_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V (2006) Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol 3(2):77\u2013101","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"key":"918_CR5","unstructured":"Bush L, Misak J, MacDonald S. Modelling the economic impact to the UK: The cost of breast cancer. Demos; 2024 2024\/01."},{"key":"918_CR6","unstructured":"Cancer Research UK. Accessed 18th June 2025."},{"key":"918_CR7","unstructured":"CanRisk-ClinGen: A multi-site randomised controlled trial of multifactorial risk assessment in NHS clinical genetics services. ISRCTN11466065."},{"key":"918_CR8","unstructured":"Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (2024). CASP (Qualitative Research Checklist.) [online] Accessed: 01\/09\/2025."},{"key":"918_CR9","unstructured":"CRUK Cancer Intelligence. Accessed 18th June 2025."},{"issue":"1","key":"918_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-022-01245-0","volume":"17","author":"LJ Damschroder","year":"2022","unstructured":"Damschroder LJ, Reardon CM, Widerquist MAO, Lowery J (2022) The updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research based on user feedback. Implement Sci 17(1):75","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"918_CR11","unstructured":"England NHS. Rare and inherited disease eligibility criteria (Version 8.0). NHS England; 2025 2025\/05\/06."},{"issue":"1","key":"918_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-022-01730-0","volume":"22","author":"DP French","year":"2022","unstructured":"French DP, Woof VG, Ruane H, Evans DG, Ulph F, Donnelly LS (2022) The feasibility of implementing risk stratification into a national breast cancer screening programme: a focus group study investigating the perspectives of healthcare personnel responsible for delivery. BMC Womens Health 22(1):142","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"918_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-023-02250-w","volume":"128","author":"D Gareth Evans","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gareth Evans D, McWilliams L, Astley S, Brentnall AR, Cuzick J, Dobrashian R et al (2023) Quantifying the effects of risk-stratified breast cancer screening when delivered in real time as routine practice versus usual screening: the BC-Predict non-randomised controlled study (NCT04359420). Br J Cancer 128(11):2063\u20132071","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"918_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-10134-0","volume":"22","author":"R Hawkins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hawkins R, McWilliams L, Ulph F, Evans DG, French DP (2022) Healthcare professionals\u2019 views following implementation of risk stratification into a national breast cancer screening programme. BMC Cancer 22(1):1058","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"918_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-10134-0","volume":"22","author":"R Hawkins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hawkins R, McWilliams L, Ulph F, Evans DG, French DP (2022) Healthcare professionals\u2019 views following implementation of risk stratification into a national breast cancer screening programme. BMC Cancer 22(1):1058","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"918_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X241254828","volume":"44","author":"C Kelley Jones","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kelley Jones C, Scott S, Pashayan N, Morris S, Okan Y, Waller J (2024) Risk-Adapted Breast Screening for Women at Low Predicted Risk of Breast Cancer: An Online Discrete Choice Experiment. Med Decis Making 44(5):586\u2013600","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"issue":"1","key":"918_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-024-12847-w","volume":"24","author":"C Kelley-Jones","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kelley-Jones C, Scott SE, Waller J (2024) Acceptability of de-intensified screening for women at low risk of breast cancer: a randomised online experimental survey. BMC Cancer 24(1):1111","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"918_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13071027","author":"J Lapointe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lapointe J, Cote J-M, Mbuya-Bienge C, Dorval M, Pashayan N, Chiquette J et al (2023) Canadian healthcare professionals\u2019 views and attitudes toward risk-stratified breast cancer screening. J Pers Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm13071027","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"918_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-018-0406-9","volume":"21","author":"A Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee A, Mavaddat N, Wilcox AN, Cunningham AP, Carver T, Hartley S et al (2019) BOADICEA: a comprehensive breast cancer risk prediction modelincorporating genetic and nongenetic risk factors. Genet Med 21(8):1708\u20131718","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"918_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2018.11.002","volume":"104","author":"N Mavaddat","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mavaddat N, Michailidou K, Dennis J, Lush M, Fachal L, Lee A et al (2019) Polygenic Risk Scores for Prediction of Breast Cancer and Breast Cancer Subtypes. Am J Hum Genet 104(1):21\u201334","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"8","key":"918_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-087874","volume":"14","author":"S McInerny","year":"2024","unstructured":"McInerny S, Mascarenhas L, Yanes T, Petelin L, Chenevix-Trench G, Southey MC et al (2024) Using polygenic risk modification to improve breast cancer prevention: study protocol for the PRiMo multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 14(8):e087874","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"918_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-08347-w","volume":"21","author":"L McWilliams","year":"2021","unstructured":"McWilliams L, Woof VG, Donnelly LS, Howell A, Evans DG, French DP (2021) Extending screening intervals for women at low risk of breast cancer: do they find it acceptable? BMC Cancer 21(1):637","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"918_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-023-02268-0","volume":"129","author":"L McWilliams","year":"2023","unstructured":"McWilliams L, Ruane H, Ulph F, Woof VG, Harrison F, Evans DG et al (2023) What do women think about having received their breast cancer risk as part of a risk-stratified NHS Breast Screening Programme? A qualitative study. Br J Cancer 129(2):356\u2013365","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"918_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2024.2395856","volume":"41","author":"L McWilliams","year":"2026","unstructured":"McWilliams L, Alexandra R, Rhiannon H, Rachel C, Helene D, Agnes B et al (2026) Women\u2019s experiences of risk-stratified breast cancer screening in the MyPeBS trial: a qualitative comparative study across two European countries. Psychology & Health. 41:125\u2013147","journal-title":"Psychology & Health."},{"key":"918_CR25","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence - Familial breast cancer: classification, care and managing breast cancer and related risks in people with a family history of breast cancer (CG164). Last Updated 14 November 2023."},{"key":"918_CR26","unstructured":"PROSPERO (2024) Experiences of Implementation of Personalised Risk Estimates for Breast Cancer into Clinical Practice \u2013 A Qualitative Systematic Review https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/view\/CRD42024581170"},{"key":"918_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n160","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, Moher D, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD et al (2021) PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372:n160","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"918_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A12","DOI":"10.7326\/ACPJC-1995-123-3-A12","volume":"123","author":"WS Richardson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Richardson WS, Wilson MC, Nishikawa J, Hayward RS (1995) The well-built clinical question: a key to evidence-based decisions. ACP J Club 123(3):A12\u2013A13","journal-title":"ACP J Club"},{"issue":"10","key":"918_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.07.244","volume":"35","author":"CF Rowlands","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rowlands CF, Allen S, Balma\u00f1a J, Domchek SM, Evans DG, Hanson H et al (2024) Population-based germline breast cancer gene association studies and meta-analysis to inform wider mainstream testing. Ann Oncol 35(10):892\u2013901","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"918_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l2389","volume":"365","author":"H Salisbury","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salisbury H (2019) The 10 minute appointment. BMJ 365:l2389","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"918_CR31","volume-title":"Endnote","author":"The EndNote Team","year":"2013","unstructured":"The EndNote Team (2013) Endnote, EndNote 20 ed. Clarivate, Philadelphia, PA","edition":"EndNote 20 ed"},{"issue":"12","key":"918_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-024-02733-4","volume":"130","author":"O Tsoulaki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tsoulaki O, Tischkowitz M, Antoniou AC, Musgrave H, Rea G, Gandhi A et al (2024) Joint ABS-UKCGG-CanGene-CanVar consensus regarding the use of CanRisk in clinical practice. Br J Cancer 130(12):2027\u20132036","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"918_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1668","volume":"23","author":"J Tyrer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tyrer J, Duffy SW, Cuzick J (2004) A breast cancer prediction model incorporating familial and personal risk factors. Stat Med 23(7):1111\u20131130","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"918_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djaa218","volume":"113","author":"NT van Ravesteyn","year":"2021","unstructured":"van Ravesteyn NT, Schechter CB, Hampton JM, Alagoz O, van den Broek JJ, Kerlikowske K et al (2021) Trade-Offs Between Harms and Benefits of Different Breast Cancer Screening Intervals Among Low-Risk Women. J Natl Cancer Inst 113(8):1017\u20131026","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"1","key":"918_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-06959-2","volume":"20","author":"VG Woof","year":"2020","unstructured":"Woof VG, Ruane H, French DP, Ulph F, Qureshi N, Khan N et al (2020) The introduction of risk stratified screening into the NHS breast screening Programme: views from British-Pakistani women. BMC Cancer 20(1):452","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"918_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174550652110097","DOI":"10.1177\/17455065211009746","volume":"17","author":"VG Woof","year":"2021","unstructured":"Woof VG, McWilliams L, Donnelly LS, Howell A, Evans DG, Maxwell AJ et al (2021) Introducing a low-risk breast screening pathway into the NHS Breast Screening Programme: Views from healthcare professionals who are delivering risk-stratified screening. Womens Health (Lond Engl) 17:17455065211009746","journal-title":"Womens Health (Lond Engl)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Community Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12687-026-00918-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12687-026-00918-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12687-026-00918-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T20:02:58Z","timestamp":1787947378000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12687-026-00918-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["918"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12687-026-00918-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-6001"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-6001","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by the any of the authors.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Declarations","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}],"article-number":"85"}}