{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T19:41:17Z","timestamp":1792698077409,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017157","name":"Universitas Riau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1419\/UN19.5.1.3\/PT.01.3\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1419\/UN19.5.1.3\/PT.01.3\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017157","name":"Universitas Riau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1419\/UN19.5.1.3\/PT.01.3\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1419\/UN19.5.1.3\/PT.01.3\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017157","name":"Universitas Riau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1419\/UN19.5.1.3\/PT.01.3\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1419\/UN19.5.1.3\/PT.01.3\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017157","name":"Universitas Riau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1419\/UN19.5.1.3\/PT.01.3\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1419\/UN19.5.1.3\/PT.01.3\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Community Genet"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Implementation of personalized medicine requires greater genetic literacy among current and future healthcare workers. A standardized Indonesian-language genetic literacy questionnaire is essential for assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To translate the University of North Carolina Genomic Knowledge Scale (UNC-GKS) genetic literacy questionnaire into Indonesian language, assess its qualitative content validity and internal consistency, and utilized it to measure genetic literacy among Indonesian medical students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following expert panel review and back-translation for translational accuracy and conceptual appropriateness, the questionnaire was pre-tested among 13 preclinical medical students at a public university for comprehensibility and among a separate group of 34 students for internal consistency. The Indonesian UNC-GKS questionnaire was then administered to 486 medical students from a public university comprising 228 preclinical medical students, 187 clerkships, and 71 residents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Indonesian version of UNC-GKS showed qualitative content validity as well as good reliability (\u03b1 = 0.809). Among all students, 56.2% demonstrated moderate overall genetic literacy, and only 14.8% demonstrated good overall literacy. Basic genetic concepts were relatively well-understood (54.1% good literacy). On the contrary, gene variant\u2019s effects on health were poorly understood (9.5% good literacy). Inheritance concepts were moderately understood (24.5% good literacy).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Indonesian UNC-GKS questionnaire has a good internal consistency making it a reliable genetic literacy assessment tool. Using the questionnaire, we observed predominantly moderate genetic literacy levels in medical students. Further psychometric validation will support broader use of the questionnaire in research and curriculum evaluation. Strengthening genetics education in Indonesian medical schools will support the implementation of personalized medicine in Indonesia\u2019s healthcare system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12687-026-00940-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T04:07:02Z","timestamp":1789531622000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genetic literacy assessment among medical students using the Indonesian adaptation of the University of North Carolina Genomic Knowledge Scale"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1630-9526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahmat Azhari","family":"Kemal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahma","family":"Dhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arya Marganda","family":"Simanjuntak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arimbi Indhira","family":"Rafles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana Xaviera","family":"Triani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Triyanda Miftahur","family":"Rahmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinndi Azriel","family":"Akbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Firdaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bayu Fajar","family":"Pratama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Zulharman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"940_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0141532","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141532","volume":"10","author":"LR Abrams","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abrams LR, McBride CM, Hooker GW, Cappella JN, Koehly LM (2015) The many facets of genetic literacy: assessing the scalability of multiple measures for broad use in survey research. PLoS ONE 10(10):e0141532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0141532","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"940_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1097\/01.gim.0000182895.28432.c7","volume":"7","author":"MJH Baars","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baars MJH, Henneman L, Ten Kate LP (2005) Deficiency of knowledge of genetics and genetic tests among general practitioners, gynecologists, and pediatricians: A global problem. Genet Med 7(9):605\u2013610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.gim.0000182895.28432.c7","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"940_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bedrosian I, Somerfield MR, Achatz MI, Boughey JC, Curigliano G, Friedman S, Kohlmann WK, Kurian AW, Laronga C, Lynce F, Norquist BS, Plichta JK, Rodriguez P, Shah PD, Tischkowitz M, Wood M, Yadav S, Yao K, Robson ME (2024) Germline Testing in Patients With Breast Cancer: ASCO-Society of Surgical Oncology Guideline. J Clin Oncol 42(5):584\u2013604","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.02225"},{"issue":"6","key":"940_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3248","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-023-13229-5","volume":"30","author":"K Bokkers","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bokkers K, Bleiker EMA, Aalfs CM, van Dalen T, Velthuizen ME, Duijveman P et al (2023) Surgical oncologists and nurses in breast cancer care are ready to provide pre-test genetic counseling. Ann Surg Oncol 30(6):3248\u20133258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1245\/s10434-023-13229-5","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"940_CR4","volume-title":"Kapita selekta kuesioner: Pengetahuan dan sikap dalam penelitian kesehatan [Selected topics on questionnaires: Knowledge and attitudes in health research]","author":"A Budiman, Riyanto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Budiman, Riyanto A (2013) Kapita selekta kuesioner: Pengetahuan dan sikap dalam penelitian kesehatan [Selected topics on questionnaires: Knowledge and attitudes in health research]. Salemba Medika, Jakarta"},{"key":"940_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bujang MA, Omar ED, Foo DHP, Hon YK (2024) Sample size determination for conducting a pilot study to assess reliability of a questionnaire. Restor Dent Endod 49(1):e3.","DOI":"10.5395\/rde.2024.49.e3"},{"issue":"6","key":"940_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1177\/26350106241287","volume":"50","author":"I Cahyaningsih","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cahyaningsih I, Rokhman MR, Maziyyah N, Niamuzisilawati E, Taxis K, Denig P (2024) Translation and validation of the diabetes knowledge questionnaire in Indonesian patients with type 2 diabetes. Sci Diabetes Self-Manag Care 50(6):484\u2013496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/26350106241287","journal-title":"Sci Diabetes Self-Manag Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"940_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12993","volume":"56","author":"KA Calzone","year":"2024","unstructured":"Calzone KA, Stokes L, Peterson C, Badzek L (2024) Update to the essential genomic nursing competencies and outcome indicators. J Nurs Scholarsh 56(5):729\u2013741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnu.12993","journal-title":"J Nurs Scholarsh"},{"issue":"1","key":"940_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0169808","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169808","volume":"12","author":"RB Carver","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carver RB, Cast\u00e9ra J, Gericke N, Evangelista NAM, El-Hani CN (2017) Young adults\u2019 belief in genetic determinism, and knowledge and attitudes towards modern genetics and genomics: the PUGGS questionnaire. PLoS ONE 12(1):e0169808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0169808","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"940_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s12687-018-0363-7","volume":"10","author":"R Chapman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chapman R, Likhanov M, Selita F, Zakharov I, Smith-Woolley E, Kovas Y (2019) New literacy challenge for the twenty-first century: genetic knowledge is poor even among well educated. J Community Genet 10(1):73\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12687-018-0363-7","journal-title":"J Community Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"940_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1996","DOI":"10.1002\/jgc4.1996","volume":"34","author":"A Clark","year":"2025","unstructured":"Clark A, Wallingford CK, Krause M, Renton H, Yanes T, Jacobs C et al (2025) Exploring the journey to genomic testing and genetic services: A qualitative study of parental perspectives of children with rare conditions. J Genet Couns 34(3):e1996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jgc4.1996","journal-title":"J Genet Couns"},{"key":"940_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00195","volume":"5","author":"MC Cornel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cornel MC, Van El CG (2017) Barriers and facilitating factors for implementation of genetic services: a public health perspective. Front Public Health 5:195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00195","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"940_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecinn.2023.100147","volume":"2","author":"BM Daly","year":"2023","unstructured":"Daly BM, Kaphingst KA (2023) Variability in conceptualizations and measurement of genetic literacy. PEC Innov 2:100147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pecinn.2023.100147","journal-title":"PEC Innov"},{"issue":"1","key":"940_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1002\/jgc4.1189","volume":"29","author":"EW Dekanek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dekanek EW, Thull DL, Massart M, Grubs RE, Rajkovic A, Mai PL (2020) Knowledge and opinions regarding BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing among primary care physicians. J Genet Couns 29(1):122\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jgc4.1189","journal-title":"J Genet Couns"},{"issue":"6","key":"940_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2014.180","volume":"23","author":"T Delikurt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Delikurt T, Williamson GR, Anastasiadou V, Skirton H (2015) A systematic review of factors that act as barriers to patient referral to genetic services. Eur J Hum Genet 23(6):739\u2013745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ejhg.2014.180","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"940_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-024-00686-8","volume":"10","author":"P Dubsky","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dubsky P, Jackisch C, Im SA et al (2024) BRCA genetic testing and counseling in breast cancer: how do we meet our patients\u2019 needs? npj Breast Cancer 10:77. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41523-024-00686-8","journal-title":"npj Breast Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"940_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32068","volume":"146A","author":"LH Erby","year":"2008","unstructured":"Erby LH, Roter D, Larson S, Cho J (2008) The rapid estimate of adult literacy in genetics (REAL-G): A means to assess literacy deficits in the context of genetics. Am J Med Genet A 146A(2):174\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.32068","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"issue":"1","key":"940_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.20473\/amnt.v8i1.2024.116-123","volume":"8","author":"AU Farhan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Farhan AU, Hafizhah RD, Aji AS, Kurniasari Y, Herawati HD, Zulfa IF et al (2024) Association of current knowledge, involvement and confidence levels on gene-based nutrition services among nutrition workers in Indonesia. Amerta Nutr 8(1):116\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20473\/amnt.v8i1.2024.116-123","journal-title":"Amerta Nutr"},{"key":"940_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-27958-3_38","volume-title":"Modern Medical Education","author":"F Gardezi","year":"2026","unstructured":"Gardezi F, Kirmani S, Kirmani UA, Asghar ZM (2026) Creating a Genetics-Literate Healthcare Workforce: The Road to Precision Medicine. In: Sandars J, Zaidi S, Zaidi AN (eds) Modern Medical Education. pp. 423\u2013431.Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-27958-3_38"},{"issue":"2","key":"940_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.5653\/cerm.2023.06303","volume":"51","author":"M Go","year":"2024","unstructured":"Go M, Shim SH (2024) Genomic aspects in reproductive medicine. Clin Exp Reprod Med 51(2):91\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5653\/cerm.2023.06303","journal-title":"Clin Exp Reprod Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"940_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s12687-024-00711-0","volume":"15","author":"I Hermanto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hermanto I, Chandra CK, Utari A, Winarni TI, Cayami FK (2024) Knowledge of genetics and attitudes toward genetic testing among university students in Indonesia. J Community Genet 15(4):433\u2013447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12687-024-00711-0","journal-title":"J Community Genet"},{"key":"940_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764666","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.764666","volume":"12","author":"F Kaligis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaligis F, Ismail RI, Wiguna T, Prasetyo S, Indriatmi W, Gunardi H et al (2021) Translation, validity, and reliability of mental health literacy and help-seeking behavior questionnaires in Indonesia. Front Psychiatry 12:764666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.764666","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"940_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaminske AN, Kuepper-Tetzel CE, Nebel CL, Sumeracki MA, Ryan SP (2020) Transfer: a review for biology and the life sciences. CBE Life Sci Educ 19(3):es9","DOI":"10.1187\/cbe.19-11-0227"},{"issue":"1","key":"940_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1159\/000533968","volume":"26","author":"KA Kaphingst","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaphingst KA (2023) Future forecasting for research and practice in genetic literacy. Public Health Genomics 26(1):159\u2013164","journal-title":"Public Health Genomics"},{"key":"940_CR23","unstructured":"Kemal RA, Zulharman, Firdaus, Pratama BF (2022) Pre-testing of genetic literacy questionnaire reveals genetics misconceptions among medical students of Universitas Riau. Nusantara Sci Tech Proc. https:\/\/nstproceeding.com\/index.php\/nuscientech\/article\/view\/825. Accessed 30 Sept 2025"},{"issue":"5","key":"940_CR24","first-page":"968","volume":"14","author":"K Kusniawati","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kusniawati K, Candramila W, Wahyuni ES (2025) Ketersediaan dan keakuratan konsep Mendel dalam buku teks biologi SMA. J Pendidik Pembelajaran Khatulistiwa JPPK 14(5):968\u2013977","journal-title":"J Pendidik Pembelajaran Khatulistiwa JPPK"},{"issue":"3","key":"940_CR25","first-page":"1","volume":"30","author":"NSD Kusumaningrum","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kusumaningrum NSD, Erawati M (2018) Nursing students knowledge toward genetic topics: a cross-sectional study in Central Java, Indonesia. J Nurs Healthc 30(3):1\u20136","journal-title":"J Nurs Healthc"},{"key":"940_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Langer MM, Roche MI, Brewer NT, Berg JS, Khan CM, Leos C et al (2017) Development and validation of a genomic knowledge scale to advance informed decision-making research in genomic sequencing. MDM Policy Pract 2(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2381468317692582","DOI":"10.1177\/2381468317692582"},{"key":"940_CR27","unstructured":"Lin YS, Hasbullah QHB, Sivam H, Shanmugam SD, Augustine JJA, Htay MNN et al (2022) Knowledge and Attitude towards Genetic Diseases and Genetic Testing among Undergraduate Medical Students. Asian J Med Princ Clin Pract 5(4):143\u2013155"},{"key":"940_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maghfiroh H, Hayuana W, Fahmi MIN, Buroidah H, Agustin M, Choirunisa\u2019 N et al (2024) Revealing the profile of undergraduate students\u2019 understanding of mendelian inheritance concepts. AIP Conf Proc https:\/\/pubs. https:\/\/aip.org\/aip\/acp\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1063\/5.0215205. Accessed 30 Sept 2025","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0215205"},{"key":"940_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.33225\/jbse\/25.24.465","volume":"3","author":"H Maghfiroh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Maghfiroh H, Zubaidah S, Mahanal S, Susanto H, Chang CY (2025) Development and validation of the genetics literacy and reasoning test: A tool for exploring global genetics issues. J Baltic Sci Educ 3:465\u2013487","journal-title":"J Baltic Sci Educ"},{"issue":"10","key":"940_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gim.2022.07.014","volume":"24","author":"LJ Massingham","year":"2022","unstructured":"Massingham LJ, Nu\u00f1ez S, Bernstein JA, Gardner DP, Parikh AS, Strovel ET et al (2022) 2022 Association of Professors of Human and Medical Genetics (APHMG) consensus\u2013based update of the core competencies for undergraduate medical education in genetics and genomics. Genet Med 24(10):2167\u20132179","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"940_CR31","first-page":"E118","volume":"67","author":"ZM Mir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mir ZM, Fei LYN, McKeown S, Dinchong R, Cofie N, Dalgarno N et al (2024) Knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and barriers pertaining to genetic literacy among surgeons: a scoping review. Can J Surg J Can Chir 67(2):E118\u2013E127","journal-title":"Can J Surg J Can Chir"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"940_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-023-02152-0","volume":"136","author":"T Mladeni\u0107","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mladeni\u0107 T, Mavrinac M, Devi\u0107 Pavli\u0107 S, Malnar A, Mati\u0107 M, Miki\u0107 S et al (2024) Non-genetic physicians\u2019 knowledge, attitudes and behavior towards medical genetics. Wien Klin Wochenschr 136(5\u20136):137\u2013145","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"issue":"1","key":"940_CR33","first-page":"75","volume":"17","author":"A Mustofa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mustofa A, Kuswantoro H, Zubaidah S, Maghfiroh H (2024) Assessment of genetic literacy for biology pre-service teacher. Bioedukasi J Pendidik Biol 17(1):75\u201381","journal-title":"Bioedukasi J Pendidik Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"940_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2021.06.021","volume":"77","author":"N Naithani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Naithani N, Sinha S, Misra P, Vasudevan B, Sahu R (2021) Precision medicine: Concept and tools. Med J Armed Forces India 77(3):249\u2013257","journal-title":"Med J Armed Forces India"},{"issue":"2","key":"940_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3390\/ime2020009","volume":"2","author":"GS Octavius","year":"2023","unstructured":"Octavius GS, Wijayanto R, Yanto TA (2023) Transformation of Indonesian health system: the impact on medical education. Int Med Educ 2(2):96\u201399","journal-title":"Int Med Educ"},{"key":"940_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910530","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.910530","volume":"13","author":"N Pereza","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pereza N, Peterlin B, Ostoji\u0107 S, Poslon \u017d (2022) Editorial: the importance of genetic literacy and education in medicine. Front Genet 13:910530","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"issue":"12","key":"940_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12516","volume":"70","author":"CA Prows","year":"2014","unstructured":"Prows CA, Tran G, Blosser B (2014) Whole exome or genome sequencing: nurses need to prepare families for the possibilities. J Adv Nurs 70(12):2736\u20132745","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"940_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s40246-021-00361-0","volume":"15","author":"AT Rahma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rahma AT, Elbarazi I, Ali BR, Patrinos GP, Ahmed LA, Elsheik M et al (2021) Development of the pharmacogenomics and genomics literacy framework for pharmacists. Hum Genomics 15(1):62","journal-title":"Hum Genomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"940_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.22146\/jpki.57165","volume":"9","author":"T Renaldi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Renaldi T, Usman S, Syukri M, Sofia S, Syahrizal D (2020) Basic medical sciences and problem-based learning: Pitfalls and possible improvement from the perspective of teachers and students. JPKI 9(3):207\u2013221","journal-title":"JPKI"},{"issue":"3","key":"940_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.37268\/mjphm\/vol.20\/no.3\/art.407","volume":"20","author":"L Rujito","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rujito L, Nandhika T, Lestari DWD, Ferine M, Muhaimin A (2020) Genetic literacy levels and genetic screening attitudes on medical students in Indonesia: a national survey. Malays J Public Health Med 20(3):1\u20138","journal-title":"Malays J Public Health Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"940_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fhj.2024.100133","volume":"11","author":"L Seed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Seed L, Scott A, Peter M, Tadros S, Hill M, Da Costa CS (2024) Preparing tomorrow\u2019s doctors for the genomics era: A nationwide survey of UK medical students. Future Healthc J 11(2):100133","journal-title":"Future Healthc J"},{"issue":"1","key":"940_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-021-02946-8","volume":"21","author":"YM Swandayani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Swandayani YM, Cayami FK, Winarni TI, Utari A (2021) Familiarity and genetic literacy among medical students in Indonesia. BMC Med Educ 21(1):524","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"issue":"10","key":"940_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-018-0135-0","volume":"20","author":"MK Thong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thong MK, See-Toh Y, Hassan J, Ali J (2018) Medical genetics in developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region: challenges and opportunities. Genet Med 20(10):1114\u20131121","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"940_CR46","first-page":"369","volume":"19","author":"E Van Riel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Van Riel E, W\u00e1rl\u00e1m-Rodenhuis CC, Verhoef S, Rutgers EJTH, Ausems MGEM (2010) BRCA testing of breast cancer patients: medical specialists\u2019 referral patterns, knowledge and attitudes to genetic testing. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 19(3):369\u2013376","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Care (Engl)"},{"issue":"8","key":"940_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1200\/OP.23.00010","volume":"19","author":"HJ West","year":"2023","unstructured":"West HJ, Lovly CM (2023) Ferrying oncologists across the chasm of interpreting biomarker testing reports: Systematic support needed to improve care and decrease disparities. JCO Oncol Pract 19(8):530\u2013532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/OP.23.00010","journal-title":"JCO Oncol Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"940_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.26719\/emhj.18.028","volume":"25","author":"L Younan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Younan L, Clinton M, Fares S, Samaha H (2019) The translation and cultural adaptation validity of the Actual Scope of Practice Questionnaire. East Mediterr Health J 25(3):181\u2013188","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"issue":"7","key":"940_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1702","DOI":"10.1002\/mgg3.1702","volume":"9","author":"MWC Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu MWC, Fung JLF, Ng APP, Li Z, Lan W, Chung CCY, Li Y, Liu Y, Chung BHY, Wong WCW (2021) Preparing genomic revolution: Attitudes, clinical practice, and training needs in delivering genetic counseling in primary care in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, China. Mol Genet Genomic Med 9(7):e1702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mgg3.1702","journal-title":"Mol Genet Genomic Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"940_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-05782-8","volume":"24","author":"AF Zakariyah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zakariyah AF, Alamri SA, Alzahrani MM, Alamri AA, Khan MA, Hanbazazh MA (2024) Identifying knowledge deficiencies in genetics education among medical students and interns in Saudi Arabia - A cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ 24(1):778","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"940_CR49","unstructured":"Zulharman, Kemal RA, Sukiandra R, Pratama BF (2022) Self-study results of genetics module based on learning management system among medical students of Universitas Riau. Nusantara Sci Tech Proc. https:\/\/nstproceeding.com\/index.php\/nuscientech\/article\/view\/851. Accessed 30 Sept 2025"}],"container-title":["Journal of Community Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12687-026-00940-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12687-026-00940-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12687-026-00940-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T19:02:21Z","timestamp":1792695741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12687-026-00940-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["940"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12687-026-00940-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-6001"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-6001","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This research has received ethical clearance from Faculty of Medicine Universitas Riau (No: B\/105\/UN19.5.1.1.8\/UEPKK\/2022).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"108"}}