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Nutritional deficiencies worsen disease severity, growth, immunity, and quality of life, but evidence on age\u2011specific needs is fragmented. This narrative review synthesises current evidence on macronutrient and micronutrient requirements, deficiencies, and interventions in SCD across age groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar (January 2000-March 2025). Original studies evaluating nutritional status or interventions in confirmed SCD were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with SCD are in a hypermetabolic state with elevated energy and protein requirements. Common micronutrient deficiencies include vitamin D (prevalence 56.2% in children, 75.5% in adults), zinc, vitamin B12, folate, and vitamin C. Zinc deficiency is associated with more vaso\u2011occlusive crises, infections, delayed growth, and hospitalisations. Omega\u20113 fatty acids, L\u2011arginine, glutamine, zinc, and vitamin D supplementation show potential benefits in reducing pain severity, vaso\u2011occlusive events, inflammation, and hospital admissions, while improving growth, endothelial function, and quality of life. However, the certainty of the evidence is low to very low due to small sample sizes and heterogeneous methods; adult\u2011specific data are particularly scarce.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Major gaps remain in standardised dietary recommendations and supplementation protocols. Large, high\u2011quality randomised controlled trials are urgently needed to establish evidence\u2011based nutritional guidelines for SCD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12687-026-00959-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T07:16:48Z","timestamp":1792394208000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Macronutrient and micronutrient requirements in sickle cell disease across age groups: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sarbasree","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6884-6799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jarina","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjitha S","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Irfan","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaurav Kumar","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"959_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1080\/08880018.2025.2549365","volume":"42","author":"AM Abd Elglil","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abd Elglil AM, El-Shanshory MR, Elsharkawy HM et al (2025) The efficacy of oral L-arginine therapy for the treatment of vaso-occlusive pain episodes in children with sickle cell disease. 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