{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T15:24:37Z","timestamp":1792250677934,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc Interv and Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12928-025-01146-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T08:33:30Z","timestamp":1749198810000},"page":"788-795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Plaque rupture and calcified nodules: major contributors to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in acute myocardial infarction"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Takato","family":"Hirose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7721-2990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenichi","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenta","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Bando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun","family":"Morishita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanao","family":"Taniichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keita","family":"Horitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Shiojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1146_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00996-7","volume":"36","author":"WJ Rogers","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rogers WJ, Canto JG, Lambrew CT, Tiefenbrunn AJ, Kinkaid B, Shoultz DA, et al. Temporal trends in the treatment of over 1.5 million patients with myocardial infarction in the US from 1990 through 1999: the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 1, 2 and 3. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:2056\u201363.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1146_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.964999","volume":"123","author":"K Dudas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dudas K, Lappas G, Stewart S, Rosengren A. Trends in out-of-hospital deaths due to coronary heart disease in Sweden (1991 to 2006). Circulation. 2011;123:46\u201352.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1146_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-09-0619","volume":"74","author":"T Takii","year":"2010","unstructured":"Takii T, Yasuda S, Takahashi J, Ito K, Shiba N, Shirato K, et al. Trends in acute myocardial infarction incidence and mortality over 30 years in Japan: report from the MIYAGI-AMI Registry Study. Circ J. 2010;74:93\u2013100.","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"1146_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx504.P4645","volume":"38","author":"C Grey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grey C, Jackson R, Schmidt M, Ezzati M, Asaria P, Exeter DJ, et al. One in four major ischaemic heart disease events are fatal and 60% are pre-hospital deaths: a national data-linkage study (ANZACS-QI 8). Eur Heart J. 2017;38:172\u201380.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1146_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-17-0201","volume":"81","author":"M Nakamura","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nakamura M, Tanaka F, Segawa T, Takahashi T, Matsuura Y, Sakai T, et al. Temporal trends in the incidence and clinical features of acute myocardial infarction in a Japanese rural area from 2006 to 2014. Circ J. 2017;81:1854\u201361.","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"1146_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000097121.95451.39","volume":"108","author":"K Fujii","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fujii K, Kobayashi Y, Mintz GS, Takebayashi H, Dangas G, Moussa I, et al. Intravascular ultrasound assessment of ulcerated ruptured plaques: a comparison of culprit and nonculprit lesions of patients with acute coronary syndromes and lesions in patients without acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 2003;108:2473\u20138.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1146_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2015.02.026","volume":"8","author":"T Higuma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Higuma T, Soeda T, Abe N, Yamada M, Yokoyama H, Shibutani S, et al. A combined optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound study on plaque rupture, plaque erosion, and calcified nodule in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: incidence, morphologic characteristics, and outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8:1166\u201376.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"1146_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2020.11.005","volume":"318","author":"H Sugane","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sugane H, Kataoka Y, Otsuka F, Nakaoku Y, Nishimura K, Nakano H, et al. Cardiac outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome attributable to calcified nodule. Atherosclerosis. 2021;318:70\u20135.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"1146_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e618","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000617","volume":"138","author":"K Thygesen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Chaitman BR, Bax JJ, Morrow DA, et al. Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018). Circulation. 2018;138:e618\u201351.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1146_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx393","volume":"39","author":"B Ibanez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, Antunes MJ, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Bueno H, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: the task force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2018;39:119\u201377.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1146_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01175-5","volume":"37","author":"GS Mintz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mintz GS, Nissen SE, Anderson WD, Bailey SR, Erbel R, Fitzgerald PJ, et al. American College of Cardiology Clinical Expert Consensus Document on standards for acquisition, measurement and reporting of intravascular ultrasound studies (IVUS). A report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:1478\u201392.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1146_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s12928-025-01090-0","volume":"40","author":"Y Saito","year":"2025","unstructured":"Saito Y, Kobayashi Y, Fujii K, Sonoda S, Tsujita K, Hibi K, et al. CVIT 2025 clinical expert consensus document on intravascular ultrasound. Cardiovasc Interv Ther. 2025;40:211\u201325.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Interv Ther"},{"key":"1146_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.01.053","volume":"45","author":"A Tanaka","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tanaka A, Shimada K, Sano T, Namba M, Sakamoto T, Nishida Y, et al. Multiple plaque rupture and C-reactive protein in acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:1594\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1146_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000079173.84669.4F","volume":"108","author":"T Sano","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sano T, Tanaka A, Namba M, Nishibori Y, Nishida Y, Kawarabayashi T, et al. C-reactive protein and lesion morphology in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2003;108:282\u20135.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1146_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.025","volume":"63","author":"S Hu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hu S, Yonetsu T, Jia H, Karanasos A, Aguirre AD, Tian J, et al. Residual thrombus pattern in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction caused by plaque erosion versus plaque rupture after successful fibrinolysis: an optical coherence tomography study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:1336\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1146_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2019.10.036","volume":"13","author":"J Cuesta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cuesta J, Antuna P, Jimenez C, Rivero F, Bastante T, Garcia-Guimaraes M, et al. Can plaque erosion be visualized by high-definition intravascular ultrasound? JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2020;13:e57\u201361.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"1146_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.026","volume":"164","author":"A Nakajima","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nakajima A, Araki M, Minami Y, Soeda T, Yonetsu T, McNulty I, et al. Layered plaque characteristics and layer burden in acute coronary syndromes. Am J Cardiol. 2022;164:27\u201333.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"1146_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.07.014","volume":"108","author":"JB Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee JB, Mintz GS, Lisauskas JB, Biro SG, Pu J, Sum ST, et al. Histopathologic validation of the intravascular ultrasound diagnosis of calcified coronary artery nodules. Am J Cardiol. 2011;108:1547\u201351.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"1146_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.63667","volume":"30","author":"H Jinnouchi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jinnouchi H, Sakakura K, Taniguchi Y, Tsukui T, Watanabe Y, Yamamoto K, et al. Clinical outcomes and unique restenosis of calcified nodule in heavily calcified coronary artery. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2023;30:649\u201362.","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"key":"1146_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.015134","volume":"132","author":"T Shibata","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shibata T, Kawakami S, Noguchi T, Tanaka T, Asaumi Y, Kanaya T, et al. Prevalence, clinical features, and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction attributable to coronary artery embolism. Circulation. 2015;132:241\u201350.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1146_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.09.007","volume":"55","author":"MC Kramer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kramer MC, Rittersma SZ, de Winter RJ, Ladich ER, Fowler DR, Liang YH, et al. Relationship of thrombus healing to underlying plaque morphology in sudden coronary death. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55:122\u201332.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1146_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.07.042","volume":"54","author":"RS Schwartz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schwartz RS, Burke A, Farb A, Kaye D, Lesser JR, Henry TD, et al. Microemboli and microvascular obstruction in acute coronary thrombosis and sudden coronary death: relation to epicardial plaque histopathology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:2167\u201373.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1146_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(05)80008-0","volume":"119","author":"DW Muller","year":"1990","unstructured":"Muller DW, Topol EJ, Califf RM, Sigmon KN, Gorman L, George BS, et al. Relationship between antecedent angina pectoris and short-term prognosis after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Thrombolysis and Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction (TAMI) Study Group. Am Heart J. 1990;119:224\u201331.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"1146_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.7.1354","volume":"93","author":"A Farb","year":"1996","unstructured":"Farb A, Burke AP, Tang AL, Liang TY, Mannan P, Smialek J, et al. Coronary plaque erosion without rupture into a lipid core. A frequent cause of coronary thrombosis in sudden coronary death. Circulation. 1996;93:1354\u201363.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1146_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.20.5.1262","volume":"20","author":"R Virmani","year":"2000","unstructured":"Virmani R, Kolodgie FD, Burke AP, Farb A, Schwartz SM. Lessons from sudden coronary death: a comprehensive morphological classification scheme for atherosclerotic lesions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000;20:1262\u201375.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"1146_CR26","first-page":"10","volume":"97","author":"T Morofuji","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morofuji T, Kuramitsu S, Shinozaki T, Jinnouchi H, Sonoda S, Domei T, et al. Clinical impact of calcified nodule in patients with heavily calcified lesions requiring rotational atherectomy. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2021;97:10\u20139.","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"1146_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-19-01120","volume":"16","author":"F Prati","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prati F, Gatto L, Fabbiocchi F, Vergallo R, Paoletti G, Ruscica G, et al. Clinical outcomes of calcified nodules detected by optical coherence tomography: a sub-analysis of the CLIMA study. EuroIntervention. 2020;16:380\u20136.","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"1146_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.071","volume":"62","author":"H Jia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jia H, Abtahian F, Aguirre AD, Lee S, Chia S, Lowe H, et al. In vivo diagnosis of plaque erosion and calcified nodule in patients with acute coronary syndrome by intravascular optical coherence tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:1748\u201358.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1146_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2017.05.013","volume":"10","author":"T Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee T, Mintz GS, Matsumura M, Zhang W, Cao Y, Usui E, et al. Prevalence, predictors, and clinical presentation of a calcified nodule as assessed by optical coherence tomography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017;10:883\u201391.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12928-025-01146-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12928-025-01146-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12928-025-01146-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T16:39:47Z","timestamp":1757695187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12928-025-01146-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1146"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12928-025-01146-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-4300","1868-4297"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-4300","type":"print"},{"value":"1868-4297","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ichiro Shiojima received research grants from Abbot Vascular Japan, Boston Scientific Japan, and Terumo Corp. Kenichi Fujii received honoraria from Abbot Vascular Japan, Boston Scientific Japan, and Terumo Corp. The remaining authors have nothing to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}