{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T15:23:41Z","timestamp":1792250621324,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc Interv and Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12928-025-01211-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T13:13:15Z","timestamp":1766495595000},"page":"305-320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Absolute coronary blood flow measurement\u00a0and the principle of microvascular resistance reserve"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Nico H.J.","family":"Pijls","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle C.J.","family":"Keulards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsunekazu","family":"Kakuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Amano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirohiko","family":"Ando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiro","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thabo","family":"Mahendiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toya","family":"Takumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Keeble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Damman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William F.","family":"Fearon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Mizukami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pim A.L.","family":"Tonino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Alfonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"De Bruyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Akasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1211_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.023207","volume":"11","author":"N Mileva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mileva N, Nagumo S, Mizukami T, Sonck J, Berry C, Gallinoro E, et al. Prevalence of coronary microvascular disease and coronary vasospasm in patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11:e023207.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"1211_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3415","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae177","volume":"45","author":"C Vrints","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vrints C, Andreotti F, Koskinas KC, Rossello X, Adamo M, Ainslie J, Banning AP, Budaj A, Buechel RR, Chiariello GA, Chieffo A, Christodorescu RM, Deaton C, Doenst T, Jones HW, Kunadian V, Mehilli J, Milojevic M, Piek JJ, Pugliese F, Rubboli A, Semb AG, Senior R, ten Berg JM, Van Belle E, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Vidal-Perez R, Winther S, ESC Scientific Document Group. 2024 ESC guidelines for the management of chronic coronary syndromes: developed by the task force for the management of chronic coronary syndromes of the European society of cardiology (ESC) endorsed by the European association for Cardio-Thoracic surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2024;45:3415\u2013537.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1211_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.117.006194","volume":"11","author":"P Xaplanteris","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xaplanteris P, Fournier S, Keulards DCJ, Adjedj J, Ciccarelli G, Milkas A, et al. Catheter-based measurements of absolute coronary blood flow and microvascular resistance: feasibility, safety, and reproducibility in humans. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2018;11:e006194.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"1211_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keulards DCJ, Van \u2019t Veer M, Zelis JM, El Farissi M, Zimmermann FM, de Vos A, Teeuwen K, Brueren GRG, Wijnbergen IF, Vlaar PJ, Tonino PAL, Pijls NHJ. Safety of absolute coronary flow and microvascular resistance measurements by thermodilution. EuroIntervention. 2020.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5024971"},{"key":"1211_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2020.12.037","volume":"14","author":"A Candreva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Candreva A, Gallinoro E, van \u2019t Veer M, Sonck J, Collet C, Di Gioia G, Kodeboina M, Mizukami T, Nagumo S, Keulards D, Fournier S, Pijls NHJ, De Bruyne B. Basics of coronary thermodilution. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2021;14:595\u2013605.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"1211_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e155","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-22-00772","volume":"19","author":"E Gallinoro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gallinoro E, Bertolone DT, Fernandez-Peregrina E, Paolisso P, Bermpeis K, Esposito G, Gomez-Lopez A, Candreva A, Mileva N, Belmonte M, Mizukami T, Fournier S, Vanderheyden M, Wyffels E, Bartunek J, Sonck J, Barbato E, Collet C, De Bruyne B. Reproducibility of bolus versus continuous thermodilution for assessment of coronary microvascular function in patients with ANOCA. EuroIntervention. 2023;19:e155\u201366.","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"1211_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2023.09.030","volume":"16","author":"R Seki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Seki R, Keulards DCJ, Guti\u00e9rrez-Barrios A, Fawaz S, Mahendiran T, Bertolone DT, et al. Safety of continuous coronary thermodilution measurements. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2023;16:2794\u20136.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"1211_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hada M, Collet C, Storozhenko T, Munhoz D, Wilgenhof A, Guti\u00e9rrez-Barrios A, de Vos A, Beleslin B, Berry C, Perera D, Rivero F, Bouisset F, De Maria GL, Karamasis G, L\u00f8nborg J, Escaned J, Ikeda K, Carson K, Konstantinou K, Mariathas M, Damman P, De Silva R, Al-Lamee R, Fournier S, Engstr\u00f8m T, Keeble TR, Mizukami T, Gori T, Kakuta T, Paradies V, Pijls NHJ, Keulards D, De Bruyne B. Rationale and design of European microCirculatory Resistance and Absolute Flow Team: The Euro-CRAFT Registry. Am Heart J. 2025 Aug 27:S0002-8703(25)00318-7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahj.2025.08.018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2025.08.018"},{"key":"1211_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.08.017","volume":"78","author":"B De Bruyne","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Bruyne B, Pijls NHJ, Gallinoro E, Candreva A, Fournier S, Keulards DCJ, et al. Microvascular resistance reserve for assessment of coronary microvascular function: JACC technology corner. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;78:1541\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1211_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.12.014","volume":"83","author":"M Belmonte","year":"2024","unstructured":"Belmonte M, Gallinoro E, Pijls NHJ, Bertolone DT, Keulards DCJ, Viscusi MM, et al. Measuring absolute coronary flow and microvascular resistance by thermodilution: JACC review topic of the week. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;83:699\u2013709.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1211_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.08.047","volume":"50","author":"W Aarnoudse","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aarnoudse W, Van\u2019t Veer M, Pijls NHJ, Ter Woorst J, Vercauteren S, Tonino P, et al. Direct volumetric blood flow measurement in coronary arteries by thermodilution. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:2294\u2013304.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1211_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-316689","volume":"106","author":"DCJ Keulards","year":"2020","unstructured":"Keulards DCJ, Fournier S, van \u2019t Veer M, Colaiori I, Zelis JM, El Farissi M, Zimmermann FM, Collet C, De Bruyne B, Pijls NHJ. Computed tomographic myocardial mass compared with invasive myocardial perfusion measurement. Heart. 2020;106:1489\u201394.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"1211_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.87.4.1354","volume":"87","author":"NH Pijls","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pijls NH, van Son JA, Kirkeeide RL, De Bruyne B, Gould KL. Experimental basis of determining maximum coronary, myocardial, and collateral blood flow by pressure measurements for assessing functional stenosis severity before and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Circulation. 1993;87:1354\u201367.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1211_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-017-1174-2","volume":"107","author":"T H\u00e4rle","year":"2018","unstructured":"H\u00e4rle T, Luz M, Meyer S, Vahldiek F, van der Harst P, van Dijk R, et al. Influence of hydrostatic pressure on intracoronary indices of stenosis severity in vivo. Clin Res Cardiol. 2018;107:222\u201332.","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"1211_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000061950.24940.88","volume":"107","author":"B De Bruyne","year":"2003","unstructured":"De Bruyne B, Pijls NHJ, Barbato E, Bartunek J, Bech J-W, Wijns W, et al. Intracoronary and intravenous adenosine 5\u2019-triphosphate, adenosine, papaverine, and contrast medium to assess fractional flow reserve in humans. Circulation. 2003;107:1877\u201383.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"24","key":"1211_CR16","first-page":"07198","volume":"S0735\u20131097","author":"T Mahendiran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mahendiran T, Bertolone D, Viscusi M, Gallinoro E, Keulards D, Collet C, Sonck J, Wilgenhof A, Pijls NH, De Bruyne B. The influence of epicardial resistance on microvascular resistance reserve. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;S0735\u20131097(24):07198\u20135.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1211_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2003.11.009","volume":"25","author":"E Barbato","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barbato E, Aarnoudse W, Aengevaeren WR, Werner G, Klauss V, Bojara W, Herzfeld I, Oldroyd KG, Pijls NHJ, De Bruyne B. Week 25 study group. Validation of coronary flow reserve measurements by thermodilution in clinical practice. Eur Heart J. 2004;25:219\u201323.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1211_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2862","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad378","volume":"44","author":"CKM Boerhout","year":"2023","unstructured":"Boerhout CKM, Lee JM, de Waard GA, Mejia-Renteria H, Lee SH, Jung J-H, et al. Microvascular resistance reserve: diagnostic and prognostic performance in the ILIAS registry. Eur Heart J. 2023;44:2862\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1211_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2022.12.012","volume":"16","author":"A de Vos","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Vos A, Jansen TPJ, van \u2019t Veer M, Dimitriu-Leen A, Konst RE, Elias-Smale S, et al. Microvascular resistance reserve to assess microvascular dysfunction in ANOCA patients. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2023;16:470\u201381.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"1211_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000143893.18451.0E","volume":"110","author":"F Aarnoudse Wilbert, Fearon William","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aarnoudse Wilbert, Fearon William F, Ganesh M, Maartje G, van de Vosse Frans R, Marcel. De Bruyne Bernard, Pijls Nico H.J. Epicardial stenosis severity does not affect minimal microcirculatory resistance. Circulation. 2004;110:2137\u201342.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1211_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2012.08.019","volume":"6","author":"AS Yong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yong AS, Layland J, Fearon WF, Ho M, Shah MG, Daniels D, et al. Calculation of the index of microcirculatory resistance without coronary wedge pressure measurement in the presence of epicardial stenosis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;6:53\u20138.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"1211_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.11.3183","volume":"92","author":"NHJ Pijls","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pijls NHJ, Van Gelder B, Van der Voort P, Peels K, Bracke FALE, Bonnier HJRM, El Gamal MIH. Fractional flow reserve: A useful index to evaluate the influence of an epicardial stenosis on myocardial blood flow. Circulation. 1995;92:3183\u201393.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"8","key":"1211_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-16-00525","volume":"13","author":"M Echavarria-Pinto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Echavarria-Pinto M, Hoef TP, van de, Nijjer S, Gonzalo N, Franco LN, Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez B, Sen S, Petraco R, Jim\u00e9nez-Quevedo P, N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Gil I, Cerrato E, Salinas P, Quiros A, Garcia-Garcia H, Ortiz AF, Macaya C, Davies J, Piek J, Escaned J. Influence of the amount of myocardium subtended to a coronary stenosis on the index of microcirculatory resistance. Implications for the invasive assessment of microcirculatory function in ischaemic heart disease. EuroIntervention. 2017;13(8):944\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4244\/EIJ-D-16-00525.","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"1211_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.03.005","volume":"333","author":"F Rivero","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rivero F, Guti\u00e9rrez-Barrios A, Gomez-Lara J, Fuentes-Ferrer M, Cuesta J, Keulards DCJ, et al. Coronary microvascular dysfunction assessed by continuous intracoronary thermodilution: a comparative study with index of microvascular resistance. Int J Cardiol. 2021;333:1\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1211_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e309","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-20-00684","volume":"17","author":"CJ Dani\u00eblle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stephane Fournier 1, Dani\u00eblle CJ, Keulards M, van \u2018t Veer I, Colaiori G, Di Gioia FM, Zimmermann T, Mizukami S, Nagumo M, Kodeboina ME, Farissi, Jo M, Zelis. Jeroen Sonck, Carlos Collet, Nico H J Pijls, Bernard de Bruyne. Normal values of thermodilution-derived absolute coronary blood flow and microvascular resistance in humans. EuroIntervention. 2021;17(4):e309\u201316.","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"1211_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199606273342604","volume":"334","author":"NH Pijls","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pijls NH, De Bruyne B, Peels K, Van Der Voort PH, Bonnier HJ, Bartunek J, Koolen JJ, Koolen JJ. Measurement of fractional flow reserve to assess the functional severity of coronary-artery stenoses. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:1703\u20138.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1211_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tonino PAL, De Bruyne B, Pijls NHJ, Siebert U, Ikeno F, van `t Veer M, Klauss V, Manoharan G, Engstr\u00f8m T, Oldroyd KG, Ver Lee PN, MacCarthy PA, Fearon WF. Fractional Flow Reserve versus Angiography for Guiding Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. New England Journal of Medicine. 2009;360:213\u2013224. Sinha A, Rahman H, Demir OM, De Silva K, Morgan HP, LiKamWa ME, Ryan M, Ezad S, Al-Khayatt B, Ellis H, Chiribiri A, Webb AJ, Perera D. Microvascular Resistance Reserve Predicts Myocardial Ischemia and Response to Therapy in Patients With Angina and Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries. Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions. 2024;17:e014477.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807611"},{"key":"1211_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3504","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa503","volume":"41","author":"V Kunadian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kunadian V, Chieffo A, Camici PG, Berry C, Escaned J, Maas AHEM, Prescott E, Karam N, Appelman Y, Fraccaro C, Louise Buchanan G, Manzo-Silberman S, Al-Lamee R, Regar E, Lansky A, Abbott JD, Badimon L, Duncker DJ, Mehran R, Capodanno D, Baumbach A. An EAPCI expert consensus document on ischaemia with Non-Obstructive coronary arteries in collaboration with European society of cardiology working group on coronary pathophysiology & microcirculation endorsed by coronary vasomotor disorders international study group. Eur Heart J. 2020;41:3504\u201320.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1211_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.09.042","volume":"72","author":"VR Taqueti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taqueti VR, Carli MFD. Coronary microvascular disease pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic options: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72:2625\u201341.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1211_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.03.051","volume":"75","author":"H Rahman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rahman H, Demir OM, Khan F, Ryan M, Ellis H, Mills MT, et al. Physiological stratification of patients with angina due to coronary microvascular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75:2538\u201349.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1211_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e672","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-20-01092","volume":"17","author":"E Gallinoro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gallinoro E, Candreva A, Colaiori I, Kodeboina M, Fournier S, Nelis O, Di Gioia G, Sonck J, van \u2019t Veer M, Pijls NHJ, Collet C, De Bruyne B. Thermodilution-derived volumetric resting coronary blood flow measurement in humans. EuroIntervention. 2021;17:e672\u20139.","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"1211_CR32","unstructured":"Mahendiran T, Keulards DCJ, Pijls NHJ, Viscusi M, Gallinoro E, Bertolone D, van Royen N, Sonck J, Collet C, Wilgenhof A, Knaapen P, de Bruyne B. Minimal microvascular resistance: agreement between continuous and bolus thermodilution. Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions."},{"key":"1211_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DAish Sinha 1, Douiri HR, Ozan M. Demir 1, Kalpa De Silva 3, Brian Clapp 3, Ian Webb 34, Ankur Gulati 3, Pedro Pinho 3, Utkarsh Dutta 1, Howard Ellis 1, Ajay M Shah 14, Amedeo Chiribiri 1, Michael Marber 1, Andrew J Webb 13, Divaka Perera 13 ChaMP-CMD: A Phenotype-Blinded, Randomized Controlled, Cross-Over Trial. Circulation. 2024;149(1):36\u201347.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.066680"},{"key":"1211_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2022.05.011","volume":"352","author":"E Gallinoro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gallinoro E, Candreva A, Fernandez-Peregrina E, Bailleul E, Meeus P, Sonck J, et al. Saline-induced coronary hyperemia with continuous intracoronary thermodilution is mediated by intravascular hemolysis. Atherosclerosis. 2022;352:46\u201352.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"1211_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.116.004719","author":"B De Bruyne","year":"2017","unstructured":"De Bruyne B, Adjedj J, Xaplanteris P, Ferrara A, Mo Y, Penicka M, et al. Saline-induced coronary hyperemia: mechanisms and effects on left ventricular function. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.116.004719.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"1211_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2870","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad291","volume":"44","author":"S Rigattieri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rigattieri S, Barbato E, Berry C. Microvascular resistance reserve: a reference test of the coronary microcirculation? Eur Heart J. 2023;44:2870\u20132.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1211_CR37","unstructured":"Eerdekens R, El Farissi M, De Maria GL, van Royen N, van \u2019t Veer M, van Leeuwen MAH, Hoole SP, Marin F, Carrick D, Tonino PAL, Pijls NHJ, Fineschi M, Oldroyd KG, Berry C, Banning AP, Fearon WF, Zimmermann FM. Prognostic value of microvascular resistance reserve after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;S0735-1097(24)06759\u20137."},{"key":"1211_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(74)90743-7","volume":"33","author":"KL Gould","year":"1974","unstructured":"Gould KL, Lipscomb K, Hamilton GW. Physiologic basis for assessing critical coronary stenosis. Am J Cardiol. 1974;33:87\u201394.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"1211_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.14.3.250","volume":"14","author":"P Mosher","year":"1964","unstructured":"Mosher P, Ross J, Mcfate PA, Shaw RF. Control of coronary blood flow by an autoregulatory mechanism. Circ Res. 1964;14:250\u20139.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"21","key":"1211_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2402216","volume":"390","author":"T Mahendiran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mahendiran T, Collet C, De Bruyne B. Coronary-artery autoregulation with increasing stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2024;390(21):2030\u20132.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1211_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hoshino M, Jukema RA, Hoek R, Dahdal J, Raijmakers P, Driessen R, et al. Microvascular resistance reserve in relation to total and vessel-specific atherosclerotic burden. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2025;26(3):481\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjci\/jeae293.","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeae293"},{"key":"1211_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117555","volume":"395","author":"M Hoshino","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hoshino M, Jukema RA, Pijls N, Hoek R, Raijmakers P, Driessen R, et al. Microvascular resistance reserve before and after PCI: a serial FFR and [15O] H2O PET study. Atherosclerosis. 2024;395:117555.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"1211_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2013.09.003","volume":"7","author":"S Gaur","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gaur S, Achenbach S, Leipsic J, Mauri L, Bezerra HG, Jensen JM, et al. Rationale and design of the heartflownxt (HeartFlow analysis of coronary blood flow using CT angiography: next steps) study. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2013;7:279\u201388.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12928-025-01211-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12928-025-01211-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12928-025-01211-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T17:14:30Z","timestamp":1773940470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12928-025-01211-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1211"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12928-025-01211-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-4300","1868-4297"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-4300","type":"print"},{"value":"1868-4297","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors consent to participate in this review paper and to publish it. The declaration of conficlts of interest are as follows:Nico H.J. Pijls, received institutional research grants from Abbott, has consulting relationships with and receives fees from Coroventis and Hexacath, has equity in ASML, General Electric, HeartFlow, and Philips, is member of the Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) of Heartflow, and has patents pending in the field of the coronary microcirculation and aortic valve stenosis Tetsuya Amano received lecture fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis Pharma, Daiichi, Sankyo, and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd. Thabo Mahendiran is supported by a grant from the Swiss national science foundation (SNSF) Thomas R. Keeble has received honoraria and institutional research funding from Abbott Vascular, Medtronic, Terumo, Zoll and Shockwave; consulting fees from BD; and speaker fees from Cardionovum, Abbott Vascular and Astra Zeneca. TRK is on the steering group for the ORBITA-2 trial and on the committee for National Institute for Health and Care Research Invention for Innovation (i4i), British Cardiovascular Intervention Society and Resuscitation Council (UK). Peter Damman reports grants from Philips, Abbott and AstraZeneca and consulting fees from Philips WF Fearon has received institutional research support from Abbott, Cathworks, and Medtronic; has a consulting relationship with Shockwave and Edwards Lifesciences; and has stock options with HeartFlow. Takuya Mizukami has received research grants from Boston Scientific, and speaker fees from Abbott Vascular, Cathworks, and Boston Scientific. Pim Tonino received institutional research grants from Haemonetics and Biosensors, lecture fees from Medtronic and Abbott, and has a patent pending in the field of aortic valve physiology Bernard De Bruyne has consulting relationships with Boston Scientific, Abbott Vascular and Coroventis; research grants from Coroventis Research, Pie Medical Imaging, CathWorks, Boston Scientific, Siemens, HeartFlow, and Abbott Vascular; and owns equity in Siemens, GE Healthcare, Philips, HeartFlow, Edwards Lifesciences, Bayer, Sanofi, and Celyad. Takashi Akasaka is a medical advisor of Terumo Corporation and has received research grants from the Japan Research Foundation for Healthy Aging and consulting fees and honoraria from Abbott Japan, Daiichi-Sankyo Pharmaceutical Company and Nipro Corporation Hitoshi Matsuo received lecture fees from Abbott Japan, Philips, Boston Scientific, Zeon Medical, Amgen, and Cathworks. Danielle C.J. Keulards, Tsunekazu Kakuta, Hirohiko Ando, Nobuhiro Tanaka, Toya Takumi, Pim A.L. Tonino and Fernando Alfonso have nothing to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":".","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}