{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T10:35:29Z","timestamp":1793270129029,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc Interv and Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The progressive expansion of indications for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) towards lower-risk and younger populations has raised concerns about potential outcome attenuation with increasing procedural volumes. Real-world evidence addressing this concern is limited. To assess temporal trends in patient characteristics and procedural outcomes of TAVI in a large nationwide cohort. The Swiss TAVI Registry prospectively enrolled consecutive patients undergoing TAVI in Switzerland. Baseline characteristics, procedural complications and outcomes were compared across three periods: 2011-2015, 2016-2020 and 2021-2024. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke) at one year. The secondary endpoint was 30-day MACE. Among 19\u2019452 patients, TAVI volume increased 27% annually. Patient age (82 years) and comorbidity burden remained stable, while the proportion of women increased (51% to 58%) and the median STS score decreased (4.5% to 3.3%). Considering the expansion to lower-risk patients, 1-year MACE declined significantly from 16% to 14% to 9.1% across periods (adjusted HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.62-0.78, p&lt;0.001). Similarly, 30-day MACE decreased from 6.9% to 5.2% to 4.0% (adjusted HR 0.66, 95%CI 0.55-0.78, p&lt;0.001). Procedural mortality declined from 2.9% to 1.2%, periprocedural myocardial infarction from 0.4% to 0.2% and stroke from 3.2% to 2.0% (all p&lt;0.001).Risk-adjusted TAVI outcomes improved continuously despite a significant volume increase, with improvements exceeding those expected from lower-risk patients risk profiles alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12928-026-01310-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T16:35:35Z","timestamp":1781541335000},"page":"1124-1137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Longitudinal Trends and Outcomes in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: a report from the SwissTAVI Registry"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Thorald","family":"Stolte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob Johannes","family":"Reichl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Tueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Goetzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Wagener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Stortecky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raban","family":"Jeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Reuthebuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Toggweiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Wenaweser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Nietlispach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Roffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dik","family":"Heg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Windecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Mahfoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephane","family":"Noble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2173-5738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Nestelberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"28","key":"1310_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy244","volume":"39","author":"TJ Cahill","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cahill TJ, Chen M, Hayashida K, Latib A, Modine T, Piazza N, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: current status and future perspectives. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(28):2625\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy244.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"38","key":"1310_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz275","volume":"40","author":"GCM Siontis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Siontis GCM, Overtchouk P, Cahill TJ, Modine T, Prendergast B, Praz F, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation vs. surgical aortic valve replacement for treatment of symptomatic severe aortic stenosis: an updated meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2019;40(38):3143\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz275.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"23","key":"1310_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1103510","volume":"364","author":"CR Smith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith CR, Leon MB, Mack MJ, Miller DC, Moses JW, Svensson LG, et al. Transcatheter versus surgical aortic-valve replacement in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(23):2187\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1103510.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"1310_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1514616","volume":"374","author":"MB Leon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leon MB, Smith CR, Mack MJ, Makkar RR, Svensson LG, Kodali SK, et al. Transcatheter or surgical aortic-valve replacement in intermediate-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(17):1609\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1514616.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"1310_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1814052","volume":"380","author":"MJ Mack","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mack MJ, Leon MB, Thourani VH, Makkar R, Kodali SK, Russo M, et al. Transcatheter aortic-valve replacement with a balloon-expandable valve in low-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(18):1695\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1814052.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"1310_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae043","volume":"45","author":"HGH Thyregod","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thyregod HGH, J\u00f8rgensen TH, Ihlemann N, Steinbr\u00fcchel DA, Nissen H, Kjeldsen BJ, et al. Transcatheter or surgical aortic valve implantation: 10-year outcomes of the NOTION trial. Eur Heart J. 2024;45(13):1116\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae043.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1310_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Praz F, Borger MA, Lanz J, Marin-Cuartas M, Abreu A, Adamo M, et al. 2025 ESC\/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2025;ehaf194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf194.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf194"},{"issue":"1","key":"1310_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.24209","volume":"47","author":"A Srinivasan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Srinivasan A, Wong F, Wang B. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement: past, present, and future. Clin Cardiol. 2024;47(1):e24209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/clc.24209.","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1310_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-018-0976-0","volume":"18","author":"M Chopra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chopra M, Luk NHV, De Backer O, S\u00f8ndergaard L. Simplification and optimization of transcatheter aortic valve implantation - fast-track course without compromising safety and efficacy. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2018;18(1):231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-018-0976-0 . PubMed PMID: 30526521; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6288866.","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"20","key":"1310_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa167","volume":"41","author":"J Webb","year":"2020","unstructured":"Webb J, Wood D, Sathananthan J, Landes U. Balloon-expandable or self-expandable transcatheter heart valves. Which are best? Eur Heart J. 2020;41(20):1900\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa167.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"7","key":"1310_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab773","volume":"43","author":"V Nguyen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nguyen V, Willner N, Eltchaninoff H, Burwash IG, Michel M, Durand E, et al. Trends in aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis: a French nationwide study. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(7):666\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab773.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"12","key":"1310_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2024.3453","volume":"9","author":"SV Arnold","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arnold SV, Manandhar P, Vemulapalli S, Kosinski AS, Batchelor WB, Thourani VH, et al. Trends in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Outcomes: Insights From the STS\/ACC TVT Registry. JAMA Cardiol. 2024;9(12):1115\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamacardio.2024.3453 . PubMed PMID: 39412793; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11581560.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1310_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2024.12.016","volume":"18","author":"D Kolte","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kolte D, Marquis-Gravel G, Stebbins A, Vekstein AM, Vemulapalli S, Elmariah S. Temporal trends in 1-year cause-specific mortality after TAVR: insights from the STS\/ACC TVT registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2025;18(8):1013\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcin.2024.12.016.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"12","key":"1310_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.029489","volume":"12","author":"M Wagener","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wagener M, Reuthebuch O, Heg D, T\u00fcller D, Ferrari E, Gr\u00fcnenfelder J, et al. Clinical outcomes in high-gradient, classical low\u2010flow, low\u2010gradient, and paradoxical low\u2010flow, low\u2010gradient aortic stenosis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a report from the SwissTAVI registry. J Am Heart Assoc. 2023;12(12):e029489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.123.029489.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"9","key":"1310_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2021.01.042","volume":"14","author":"A Attinger-Toller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Attinger-Toller A, Ferrari E, Tueller D, Templin C, Muller O, Nietlispach F, et al. Age-related outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2021;14(9):952\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcin.2021.01.042.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"24","key":"1310_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2023.10.021","volume":"16","author":"T Okuno","year":"2023","unstructured":"Okuno T, Alaour B, Heg D, Tueller D, Pilgrim T, Muller O, et al. Long-Term Risk of Stroke After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Insights From the SwissTAVI Registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2023;16(24):2986\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcin.2023.10.021.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"5","key":"1310_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezs533","volume":"42","author":"AP Kappetein","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kappetein AP, Head SJ, G\u00e9n\u00e9reux P, Piazza N, van Mieghem NM, Blackstone EH, et al. Updated standardized endpoint definitions for transcatheter aortic valve implantation: the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 consensus document (VARC-2). Eur J Cardio-Thorac Surg Off J Eur Assoc Cardio-Thorac Surg. 2012;42(5):S45\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejcts\/ezs533 . PubMed PMID: 23026738.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardio-Thorac Surg Off J Eur Assoc Cardio-Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"1310_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2009.05.056","volume":"88","author":"SM O\u2019Brien","year":"2009","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien SM, Shahian DM, Filardo G, Ferraris VA, Haan CK, Rich JB, et al. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons 2008 cardiac surgery risk models: part 2\u2013isolated valve surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009;88(1 Suppl):S23\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2009.05.056 . PubMed PMID: 19559823.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1310_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2015.0326","volume":"1","author":"FH Edwards","year":"2016","unstructured":"Edwards FH, Cohen DJ, O\u2019Brien SM, Peterson ED, Mack MJ, Shahian DM, et al. Development and Validation of a Risk Prediction Model for In-Hospital Mortality After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. JAMA Cardiol. 2016;1(1):46\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamacardio.2015.0326 . PubMed PMID: 27437653.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"1310_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shahian DM, Jacobs JP, Badhwar V, Kurlansky PA, Furnary AP, Cleveland JC, et al. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons 2018 Adult Cardiac Surgery Risk Models: Part 1-background, design considerations, and model development. Ann Thorac Surg. 2018;105(5):1411\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2018.03.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2018.03.002"},{"issue":"15","key":"1310_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.03.004","volume":"85","author":"JK Forrest","year":"2025","unstructured":"Forrest JK, Yakubov SJ, Deeb GM, Gada H, Mumtaz MA, Ramlawi B, et al. 5-Year Outcomes After Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients With Aortic Stenosis. JACC. 2025;85(15):1523\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.03.004.","journal-title":"JACC"},{"issue":"1","key":"1310_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e012538","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.122.012538","volume":"16","author":"A Scotti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Scotti A, Baggio S, Pagnesi M, Barbanti M, Adamo M, Eitan A, et al. Temporal Trends and Contemporary Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement With Evolut PRO\/PRO+ Self-Expanding Valves: Insights From the NEOPRO\/NEOPRO-2 Registries. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2023;16(1):e012538. 10.1161. \/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.122.012538 PubMed PMID: 36649387.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"7","key":"1310_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcac081","volume":"9","author":"J Stehli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stehli J, Johnston R, Duffy SJ, Zaman S, Gusberti TDH, Dagan M, et al. Waiting times of women vs. men undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes. 2023;9(7):691\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcac081.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes"},{"issue":"19","key":"1310_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.282043","volume":"310","author":"MJ Mack","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mack MJ, Brennan JM, Brindis R, Carroll J, Edwards F, Grover F, et al. Outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve replacement in the United States. JAMA. 2013;310(19):2069\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2013.282043.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"21","key":"1310_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.09.595","volume":"76","author":"JD Carroll","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carroll JD, Mack MJ, Vemulapalli S, Herrmann HC, Gleason TG, Hanzel G, et al. STS-ACC TVT registry of transcatheter aortic valve replacement. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(21):2492\u2013516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.09.595.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1310_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2025.5645","author":"DJ Kumbhani","year":"2026","unstructured":"Kumbhani DJ, Girotra S, Dong H, Song Y, Manandhar P, Elbadawi A, et al. Contemporary operator procedural volumes and outcomes for TAVR and MTEER in the US. JAMA Cardiol. 2026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamacardio.2025.5645.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1310_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2024.02.007","volume":"117","author":"N Willner","year":"2024","unstructured":"Willner N, Nguyen V, Prosperi-Porta G, Eltchaninoff H, Burwash IG, Michel M, et al. Aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis: influence of centre volume on TAVR adoption rates and outcomes in France. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2024;117(5):321\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acvd.2024.02.007.","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"1310_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac698","volume":"44","author":"K Bestehorn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bestehorn K, Bestehorn M, Zahn R, Perings C, Stellbrink C, Sch\u00e4chinger V. Transfemoral aortic valve implantation: procedural hospital volume and mortality in Germany. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(10):856\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac698.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"13","key":"1310_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11133806","volume":"11","author":"S Mauler-Wittwer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mauler-Wittwer S, Noble S. Volume-outcome relationship in surgical and cardiac transcatheter interventions with a focus on transcatheter aortic valve implantation. J Clin Med. 2022;11(13):3806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11133806.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"1310_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.10.058","volume":"63","author":"P G\u00e9n\u00e9reux","year":"2014","unstructured":"G\u00e9n\u00e9reux P, Cohen DJ, Williams MR, Mack M, Kodali SK, Svensson LG, et al. Bleeding complications after surgical aortic valve replacement compared with transcatheter aortic valve replacement: insights from the PARTNER I Trial (Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(11):1100\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.10.058 . PubMed PMID: 24291283.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1, Part A","key":"1310_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2014.07.022","volume":"8","author":"TM Nazif","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nazif TM, Dizon JM, Hahn RT, Xu K, Babaliaros V, Douglas PS, et al. Predictors and Clinical Outcomes of Permanent Pacemaker Implantation After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: The PARTNER (Placement of AoRtic TraNscathetER Valves) Trial and Registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8(1, Part A):60\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcin.2014.07.022.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"1","key":"1310_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJV8I1A20","volume":"8","author":"H Eggebrecht","year":"2012","unstructured":"Eggebrecht H, Schmermund A, Voigtl\u00e4nder T, Kahlert P, Erbel R, Mehta RH. Risk of stroke after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI): a meta-analysis of 10,037 published patients. EuroIntervention. 2012;8(1):129\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4244\/EIJV8I1A20.","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"issue":"13","key":"1310_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-17-00421","volume":"13","author":"M Arsalan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arsalan M, Weferling M, Hecker F, Filardo G, Kim WK, Pollock BD, et al. TAVI risk scoring using established versus new scoring systems: role of the new STS\/ACC model. EuroIntervention. 2018;13(13):1520\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4244\/EIJ-D-17-00421.","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"issue":"3","key":"1310_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2023.100633","volume":"2","author":"SS Goel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goel SS, Reardon MJ. Is it time to move beyond STS and TVT scores for predicting TAVR mortality? J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv. 2023;2(3):100633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jscai.2023.100633.","journal-title":"J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv"},{"key":"1310_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.12.188","volume":"236","author":"TKM Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang TKM, Wang MTM, Gamble GD, Webster M, Ruygrok PN. Performance of contemporary surgical risk scores for transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2017;236:350\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.12.188.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1310_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezt114","volume":"43","author":"J K\u00f6tting","year":"2013","unstructured":"K\u00f6tting J, Schiller W, Beckmann A, Sch\u00e4fer E, D\u00f6bler K, Hamm C, et al. German aortic valve score: a new scoring system for prediction of mortality related to aortic valve procedures in adults. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2013;43(5):971\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejcts\/ezt114.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"13","key":"1310_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-305314","volume":"100","author":"B Iung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Iung B, Laou\u00e9nan C, Himbert D, Eltchaninoff H, Chevreul K, Donzeau-Gouge P, et al. Predictive factors of early mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: individual risk assessment using a simple score. Heart. 2014;100(13):1016\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-305314.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"1","key":"1310_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.07.036","volume":"57","author":"J Rod\u00e9s-Cabau","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rod\u00e9s-Cabau J, Dumont E, Boone RH, Larose E, Bagur R, Gurvitch R, et al. Cerebral embolism following transcatheter aortic valve implantation: comparison of transfemoral and transapical approaches. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(1):18\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.07.036.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"22","key":"1310_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.7108","volume":"321","author":"RR Makkar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Makkar RR, Yoon SH, Leon MB, Chakravarty T, Rinaldi M, Shah PB, et al. Association Between Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Bicuspid vs Tricuspid Aortic Stenosis and Mortality or Stroke. JAMA. 2019;321(22):2193\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2019.7108 . PubMed PMID: 31184741; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6563564.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"25","key":"1310_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3041","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.110981","volume":"126","author":"L Nombela-Franco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nombela-Franco L, Webb JG, de Jaegere PP, Toggweiler S, Nuis RJ, Dager AE, et al. Timing, predictive factors, and prognostic value of cerebrovascular events in a large cohort of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Circulation. 2012;126(25):3041\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.110981.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9","key":"1310_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.115.002981","volume":"9","author":"S Kapadia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kapadia S, Agarwal S, Miller DC, Webb JG, Mack M, Ellis S, et al. Insights into timing, risk factors, and outcomes of stroke and transient ischemic attack after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in the PARTNER trial (placement of aortic transcatheter valves). Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2016;9(9):e002981. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.115.002981.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"13","key":"1310_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e793","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-23-01087","volume":"20","author":"P Reddy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Reddy P, Merdler I, Ben-Dor I, Satler LF, Rogers T, Waksman R. Cerebrovascular events after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. EuroIntervention J Eur Collab Work Group Interv Cardiol Eur Soc Cardiol. 2024;20(13):e793-805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4244\/EIJ-D-23-01087.","journal-title":"EuroIntervention J Eur Collab Work Group Interv Cardiol Eur Soc Cardiol"},{"issue":"24","key":"1310_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2415120","volume":"392","author":"RK Kharbanda","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kharbanda RK, Kennedy J, Jamal Z, Dodd M, Evans R, Bal KK, et al. Routine cerebral embolic protection during transcatheter aortic-valve implantation. N Engl J Med. 2025;392(24):2403\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2415120.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"1310_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1400590","volume":"370","author":"DH Adams","year":"2014","unstructured":"Adams DH, Popma JJ, Reardon MJ, Yakubov SJ, Coselli JS, Deeb GM, et al. Transcatheter aortic-valve replacement with a self-expanding prosthesis. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(19):1790\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1400590.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1310_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2020.10.016","volume":"14","author":"P Guedeney","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guedeney P, Sorrentino S, Mesnier J, De Rosa S, Indolfi C, Zeitouni M, et al. Single versus dual antiplatelet therapy following TAVR: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2021;14(2):234\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcin.2020.10.016.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"15","key":"1310_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2017815","volume":"383","author":"J Brouwer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brouwer J, Nijenhuis VJ, Delewi R, Hermanides RS, Holvoet W, Dubois CLF, et al. Aspirin with or without clopidogrel after transcatheter aortic-valve implantation. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(15):1447\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2017815.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1310_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.30009","volume":"99","author":"TM Das","year":"2022","unstructured":"Das TM, Shin J, Czarny MJ, Nanavati J, Resar JR, Hasan RK. Radial versus femoral secondary access for transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2022;99(4):1225\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccd.30009.","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"24","key":"1310_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin","volume":"17","author":"D Grundmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Grundmann D, Kim W, Kellner C, Adam M, Braun D, Tamm AR, et al. Femoral or Radial Secondary Access in TAVR: A Subanalysis From the Multicenter PULSE Registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2024;17(24):2923\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcin. 2024.09.020 PubMed PMID: 39722273.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"2","key":"1310_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.24875\/RECICE.M23000426","volume":"6","author":"V Ar\u00e9valos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ar\u00e9valos V, Spione F, Vela P, Iacovelli F, Sanchis L, Freixa X, et al. Coronary obstruction following transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Risk evaluation and preventive strategies. REC Interv Cardiol. 2024;6(2):117\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24875\/RECICE.M23000426.","journal-title":"REC Interv Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12928-026-01310-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12928-026-01310-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12928-026-01310-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T10:00:52Z","timestamp":1793268052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12928-026-01310-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1310"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12928-026-01310-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-4300","1868-4297"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-4300","type":"print"},{"value":"1868-4297","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 October 2026","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This article was originally published under the subscription model but it is now published under an Open Access license.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Thorald Stolte has been supported through the Swiss National MD-PhD Fellowship (MD-PhD 34\/25) and University Hospital Basel. Thomas Nestelberger has received research support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (P400PM_191037\/1), the Prof. Dr. Max Clo\u00ebtta Foundation, the Margarete und Walter Lichtenstein-Stiftung (3MS1038), and the University Hospital Basel as well as speaker honoraria\/consulting honoraria from Edwards Lifesciences, Siemens, Beckman Coulter, Bayer, Ortho Clinical Diagnostics and Orion Pharma, outside the submitted work. Max Wagener has received research and fellowship support by the Gottfried and Julia Bangerter-Rhyner Foundation and has received educational support from Boston Scientific, Medtronic, Meril Life Sciences and Edwards Lifesciences. Felix Mahfoud has been supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB TRR219, Project-ID 322900939), and Deutsche Herzstiftung. Saarland University has received scientific support from Ablative Solutions, Medtronic and ReCor Medical. Until May 2024, Felix Mahfoud has received speaker honoraria\/consulting fees from Ablative Solutions, Astra-Zeneca, Inari, Medtronic, Merck, Novartis, Philips and ReCor Medical. Raban Jeger has received grants to the institution from Abbott, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Biosense Webster, B. Braun Melsungen AG, Biotronik, Boston Scientific, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cardionovum, Cordis, Daiichi Sankyo, Edwards Lifesciences, GE Medical Systems, MCM Medsys, Medtronic, Novartis, Pfizer, Terumo, Vascular Medical GmbH. Stefan Toggweiler has received honoraria from Medtronic, Boston Scientific, Biosensors, Hi-D Imaging, Abbott Vascular, Medira, Shockwave, Teleflex, atHeart Medical, Cardiac Dimensions, Polares Medical, Amarin, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, ReCor Medical, Daiichi Sankyo, has received institutional research grants from Edwards Lifesciences, Abbott Vascular, Boston Scientific, Fumedica, Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Polares Medical, and holds equity in Hi-D Imaging. Stefan Stortecky has received research travel and \/ or educational grants to the institution from Abbott, Biotronik, Boston Scientific, Bristol Myers Squibb, Edwards Lifesciences and Medtronic; and has received consultant fees from Inari medical. Enrico Ferrari is a consultant for Edwards Lifesciences, has received institutional research grants from Edwards Lifesciences and Medtronic; and has received speaker fees from Edwards Lifesciences. Marco Roffi has received institutional research grants from Cordis, Medtronic, Biotronik, Terumo, and Boston Scientific. Stephan Windecker reports research, travel and\/or educational grants to the institution from Abbott, Abiomed, Alnylam, Amicus Therapeutics, Amgen, Anteris, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, B.Braun, Bioanalytica, Biotronik, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Scientific, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cordis Medical, CorFlow Therapeutics, CSL Behring, Daiichi Sankyo, Edwards Lifesciences, Fumedica, GE Healthcare, Guerbet, IACULIS, Inari Medical, Janssen AI, Johnson & Johnson, Medalliance, Medtronic, MSD Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, OM Pharma, Orchestra BioMed, Pfizer, Philips AG, Sanofi-Aventis, Servier, Shockwave Medical, Siemens Healthcare, Sinomed, SMT Sahajanand Medical Technologies, Vascular Medical, V-Wave. Stephan Windecker serves as advisory board member and\/or member of the steering\/executive group of trials funded by Abbott, Amgen, Anteris, Abiomed, Edwards Lifesciences, EnCarda Inc., Medtronic, Novartis, Sinomed with payments to the institution but no personal payments. He is also member of the steering\/executive committee group of several investigator-initiated trials that receive funding by industry without impact on his personal remuneration. Stephane Noble reports institutional educational grants from Edwards Lifesciences, is a consultant for Medtronic and Abbott Vascular. All other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest with this study and that they have critically reviewed the manuscript and approved the final version for submission. The manuscript and its contents have not been published previously and are not being considered for publications elsewhere in whole or in part in any language, including publicly accessible web sites or e-print servers. Data that support the findings of this study are available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author. All other authors have nothing to declare.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The SwissTAVI Registry has been approved by Swiss Ethics and the corresponding cantonal Ethics committee. All patients gave written informed consent to have their data published.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethic\u2019s Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}