{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T09:22:10Z","timestamp":1787822530121,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Leading Goose\u201d R&D Program of Zhejiang","award":["(2025C04001)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(2025C04001)"]}]},{"name":"\"Pioneer\" and \"Leading Goose\" R&D Program of Zhejiang","award":["(2025C01137)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(2025C01137)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transl. Stroke Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-026-01452-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T06:31:18Z","timestamp":1783924278000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Extracellular Vesicles in Stroke: Drivers of Brain\u2013Body Network Crosstalk"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhi-Ming","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Jia","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-qing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang-Hua","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"1452_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00252-0","volume":"20","author":"Collaborators G B D S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Collaborators G B D S. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 [J]. Lancet Neurol. 2021;20(10):795\u2013820.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1452_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00081-4","volume":"23","author":"VL Feigin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feigin VL, Yaria J, Owolabi M. Pragmatic solutions for the global burden of stroke - authors' reply [J]. Lancet Neurol. 2024;23(4):334\u20135.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1452_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12404","volume":"13","author":"JA Welsh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Welsh JA, Goberdhan DC I, O'Driscoll L, et al. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches [J]. J Extracell Vesicles. 2024;13(2):e12404.","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"key":"1452_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ikezu T, Yang Y, Verderio C, et al. Extracellular vesicle-mediated neuron-glia communications in the central nervous system [J]. J Neurosci. 2024;44(40):e1170242024.","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1170-24.2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"1452_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2015.29","volume":"17","author":"V Budnik","year":"2016","unstructured":"Budnik V, Ruiz-Canada C, Wendler F. Extracellular vesicles round off communication in the nervous system [J]. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2016;17(3):160\u201372.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"1452_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stenz KT, Just J, Blauenfeldt RA, et al. Extracellular vesicles in acute stroke diagnostics [J]. Biomedicines. 2020;8(8):248.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8080248"},{"key":"1452_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2019.03.006","volume":"468","author":"JD Armitage","year":"2019","unstructured":"Armitage JD, Tan DBA, Cha L, et al. A standardised protocol for the evaluation of small extracellular vesicles in plasma by imaging flow cytometry [J]. J Immunol Methods. 2019;468:61\u20136.","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"1452_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2020.596366","volume":"7","author":"JY Ha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ha JY, Choi SY, Lee JH, et al. Delivery of periodontopathogenic extracellular vesicles to brain monocytes and microglial IL-6 promotion by RNA cargo [J]. Front Mol Biosci. 2020;7:596366.","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"1452_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jex2.93","volume":"2","author":"AA Modasia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Modasia AA, Jones EJ, Martel LM, et al. The use of a multicellular in vitro model to investigate uptake and migration of bacterial extracellular vesicles derived from the human gut commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron [J]. J Extracell Biol. 2023;2(7):e93.","journal-title":"J Extracell Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1452_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12510","volume":"13","author":"RR Mizenko","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mizenko RR, Feaver M, Bozkurt BT, et al. A critical systematic review of extracellular vesicle clinical trials [J]. J Extracell Vesicles. 2024;13(10):e12510.","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.149","volume":"19","author":"A Avena-Koenigsberger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Avena-Koenigsberger A, Misic B, Sporns O. Communication dynamics in complex brain networks [J]. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2017;19(1):17\u201333.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"1452_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdelsalam M, Ahmed M, Osaid Z, et al. Insights into exosome transport through the blood-brain barrier and the potential therapeutical applications in brain diseases [J]. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023;16(4):571.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16040571"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-022-00359-3","volume":"19","author":"HM Ramos-Zaldivar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ramos-Zaldivar HM, Polakovicova I, Salas-Huenuleo E, et al. Extracellular vesicles through the blood-brain barrier: a review [J]. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2022;19(1):60.","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"1452_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banks WA, Sharma P, Bullock KM, et al. Transport of extracellular vesicles across the blood-brain barrier: brain pharmacokinetics and effects of inflammation [J]. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(12):4407.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21124407"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01304-z","volume":"21","author":"W Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu W, Jin M, Chen Q, et al. Insight into extracellular vesicles in vascular diseases: intercellular communication role and clinical application potential [J]. Cell Commun Signal. 2023;21(1):310.","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"issue":"3","key":"1452_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000247","volume":"6","author":"E Marulanda-Londono","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marulanda-Londono E, Chaturvedi S. Stroke due to large vessel atherosclerosis: Five new things [J]. Neurol Clin Pract. 2016;6(3):252\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"1452_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.302213","volume":"114","author":"X Loyer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Loyer X, Potteaux S, Vion AC, et al. Inhibition of microRNA-92a prevents endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in mice [J]. Circ Res. 2014;114(3):434\u201343.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"1452_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4190","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI61716","volume":"122","author":"M Nazari-Jahantigh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nazari-Jahantigh M, Wei Y, Noels H, et al. MicroRNA-155 promotes atherosclerosis by repressing Bcl6 in macrophages [J]. J Clin Invest. 2012;122(11):4190\u2013202.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"8","key":"1452_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3996","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.56035","volume":"11","author":"C Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang C, Li Z, Liu Y, et al. Exosomes in atherosclerosis: performers, bystanders, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets [J]. Theranostics. 2021;11(8):3996\u20134010.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14043-y","volume":"11","author":"I Gomez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gomez I, Ward B, Souilhol C, et al. Neutrophil microvesicles drive atherosclerosis by delivering miR-155 to atheroprone endothelium [J]. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):214.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"8","key":"1452_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04464-2","volume":"79","author":"M Peng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peng M, Sun R, Hong Y, et al. Extracellular vesicles carrying proinflammatory factors may spread atherosclerosis to remote locations [J]. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2022;79(8):430.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1452_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70220","volume":"6","author":"X Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu X, Lu T, Feng Y, et al. Carotid plaque-derived small extracellular vesicles mediate atherosclerosis and correlate with plaque vulnerability [J]. MedComm (2020). 2025;6(6):e70220.","journal-title":"MedComm (2020)"},{"issue":"7","key":"1452_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.124.322324","volume":"45","author":"S Raju","year":"2025","unstructured":"Raju S, Turner ME, Cao C, et al. Multiomic landscape of extracellular vesicles in human carotid atherosclerotic plaque reveals endothelial communication networks [J]. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2025;45(7):1277\u2013305.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6522","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03262-2","volume":"7","author":"C Tripisciano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tripisciano C, Weiss R, Eichhorn T, et al. Different potential of extracellular vesicles to support thrombin generation: contributions of phosphatidylserine, tissue factor, and cellular origin [J]. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):6522.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1452_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olejarz W, Sadowski K, Radoszkiewicz K. Extracellular vesicles in atherosclerosis: state of the art [J]. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;25(1):388.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010388"},{"key":"1452_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suades R, Greco MF, Padro T, et al. Extracellular vesicles as drivers of immunoinflammation in atherothrombosis [J]. Cells. 2022;11(11):1845.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11111845"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.01.011","volume":"74","author":"CT January","year":"2019","unstructured":"January CT, Wann LS, Calkins H, et al. 2019 AHA\/ACC\/HRS focused update of the 2014 AHA\/ACC\/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society [J]. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74(1):104\u201332.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1452_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.01.116","volume":"258","author":"L Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang L, Bi Y, Yu M, et al. Phosphatidylserine-exposing blood cells and microparticles induce procoagulant activity in non-valvular atrial fibrillation [J]. Int J Cardiol. 2018;258:138\u201343.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"1452_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2018.11.026","volume":"173","author":"M Mork","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mork M, Andreasen JJ, Rasmussen LH, et al. Elevated blood plasma levels of tissue factor-bearing extracellular vesicles in patients with atrial fibrillation [J]. Thromb Res. 2019;173:141\u201350.","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-021-01873-4","volume":"111","author":"A Zietzer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zietzer A, Al-Kassou B, Jamme P, et al. Large extracellular vesicles in the left atrial appendage in patients with atrial fibrillation-the missing link? [J]. Clin Res Cardiol. 2022;111(1):34\u201349.","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1452_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-025-01371-z","volume":"16","author":"NC Buntsma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Buntsma NC, Hau CM, Los M, et al. Identification of ischemic stroke patients based on plasma concentrations of extracellular vesicles [J]. Transl Stroke Res. 2025;16(6):2082\u201392.","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03555-8","volume":"22","author":"FJD Machado","year":"2025","unstructured":"Machado FJD, Marta-Enguita J, Herrera M, et al. Transcriptomic profiling of thrombus-derived extracellular vesicles reveals PECAM-1 as a potential inflammatory marker for cardioembolic stroke patients [J]. J Neuroinflammation. 2025;22(1):229.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"8","key":"1452_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70124-8","volume":"12","author":"JM Wardlaw","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wardlaw JM, Smith EE, Biessels GJ, et al. Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration [J]. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12(8):822\u201338.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-019-0123-z","volume":"16","author":"C Greene","year":"2019","unstructured":"Greene C, Hanley N, Campbell M. Claudin-5: gatekeeper of neurological function [J]. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2019;16(1):3.","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0755-8","volume":"13","author":"D Paul","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paul D, Baena V, Ge S, et al. Appearance of claudin-5(+) leukocytes in the central nervous system during neuroinflammation: a novel role for endothelial-derived extracellular vesicles [J]. J Neuroinflammation. 2016;13(1):292.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05977-3","volume":"12","author":"FM Elahi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elahi FM, Harvey D, Altendahl M, et al. Author Correction: Elevated complement mediator levels in endothelial-derived plasma exosomes implicate endothelial innate inflammation in diminished brain function of aging humans [J]. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):2008.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003824","volume":"4","author":"DA Kanhai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kanhai DA, De Kleijn DP, Kappelle LJ, et al. Extracellular vesicle protein levels are related to brain atrophy and cerebral white matter lesions in patients with manifest vascular disease: the SMART-MR study [J]. BMJ Open. 2014;4(1):e003824.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"1452_CR38","first-page":"e282","volume":"53","author":"SM Greenberg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Greenberg SM, Ziai WC, Cordonnier C, et al. Guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association [J]. Stroke (2022). 2022;53(7):e282\u2013361.","journal-title":"Stroke (2022)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2011.7.1.1","volume":"7","author":"A Biffi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Biffi A, Greenberg SM. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: a systematic review [J]. J Clin Neurol. 2011;7(1):1\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1452_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.06.008","volume":"11","author":"MS Fiandaca","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fiandaca MS, Kapogiannis D, Mapstone M, et al. Identification of preclinical Alzheimer's disease by a profile of pathogenic proteins in neurally derived blood exosomes: a case-control study [J]. Alzheimers Dement. 2015;11(6):600\u20137 e1.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1868-1","volume":"136","author":"M Sardar Sinha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sardar Sinha M, Ansell-Schultz A, Civitelli L, et al. Alzheimer's disease pathology propagation by exosomes containing toxic amyloid-beta oligomers [J]. Acta Neuropathol. 2018;136(1):41\u201356.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"1452_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghosh M, Pearse DD. The yin and yang of microglia-derived extracellular vesicles in CNS injury and diseases [J]. Cells. 2024;13(22):1834.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13221834"},{"issue":"6","key":"1452_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12459","volume":"13","author":"CJ Nogueras-Ortiz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nogueras-Ortiz CJ, Eren E, Yao P, et al. Single-extracellular vesicle (EV) analyses validate the use of L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) as a reliable biomarker of neuron-derived EVs [J]. J Extracell Vesicles. 2024;13(6):e12459.","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"issue":"8","key":"1452_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10427","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-04909-2","volume":"62","author":"V Kadam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kadam V, Wacker M, Oeckl P, et al. Most L1CAM Is not associated with extracellular vesicles in human biofluids and iPSC-derived neurons [J]. Mol Neurobiol. 2025;62(8):10427\u201342.","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1452_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70109-0","volume":"10","author":"MH Vlak","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vlak MH, Algra A, Brandenburg R, et al. Prevalence of unruptured intracranial aneurysms, with emphasis on sex, age, comorbidity, country, and time period: a systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10(7):626\u201336.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1452_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64887-0","volume":"160","author":"G Taraboletti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Taraboletti G, D'Ascenzo S, Borsotti P, et al. Shedding of the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2, MMP-9, and MT1-MMP as membrane vesicle-associated components by endothelial cells [J]. Am J Pathol. 2002;160(2):673\u201380.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"122","key":"1452_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122ra22","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003441","volume":"4","author":"L Maegdefessel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maegdefessel L, Azuma J, Toh R, et al. MicroRNA-21 blocks abdominal aortic aneurysm development and nicotine-augmented expansion [J]. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4(122):122ra22.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1452_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI61598","volume":"122","author":"L Maegdefessel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maegdefessel L, Azuma J, Toh R, et al. Inhibition of microRNA-29b reduces murine abdominal aortic aneurysm development [J]. J Clin Invest. 2012;122(2):497\u2013506.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"1452_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.238113","volume":"32","author":"P Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang P, Huang A, Ferruzzi J, et al. Inhibition of microRNA-29 enhances elastin levels in cells haploinsufficient for elastin and in bioengineered vessels--brief report [J]. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2012;32(3):756\u20139.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1452_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.018633","volume":"10","author":"W Zhong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhong W, Su W, Li T, et al. Aneurysm wall enhancement in unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a histopathological evaluation [J]. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10(2):e018633.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"1452_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grossini E, Esposito T, Viretto M, et al. Circulating extracellular vesicles in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients: characterization and cellular effects [J]. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(19):14913.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241914913"},{"key":"1452_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reymond S, Vujic T, Sanchez JC. Neurovascular unit-derived extracellular vesicles: from their physiopathological roles to their clinical applications in acute brain injuries [J]. Biomedicines. 2022;10(9):2147.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10092147"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809065","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2020.1809065","volume":"9","author":"S Brenna","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brenna S, Altmeppen HC, Mohammadi B, et al. Characterization of brain-derived extracellular vesicles reveals changes in cellular origin after stroke and enrichment of the prion protein with a potential role in cellular uptake [J]. J Extracell Vesicles. 2020;9(1):1809065.","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"key":"1452_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00182","volume":"7","author":"C Fruhbeis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fruhbeis C, Frohlich D, Kuo WP, et al. Extracellular vesicles as mediators of neuron-glia communication [J]. Front Cell Neurosci. 2013;7:182.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"1452_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24722","DOI":"10.3402\/jev.v3.24722","volume":"3","author":"M Chivet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chivet M, Javalet C, Laulagnier K, et al. Exosomes secreted by cortical neurons upon glutamatergic synapse activation specifically interact with neurons [J]. J Extracell Vesicles. 2014;3:24722.","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02977-6","volume":"20","author":"Z Kaya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaya Z, Belder N, Sever-Bahcekapili M, et al. Vesicular HMGB1 release from neurons stressed with spreading depolarization enables confined inflammatory signaling to astrocytes [J]. J Neuroinflammation. 2023;20(1):295.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"5","key":"1452_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16654496","volume":"37","author":"JP Dreier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dreier JP, Fabricius M, Ayata C, et al. Recording, analysis, and interpretation of spreading depolarizations in neurointensive care: review and recommendations of the COSBID research group [J]. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2017;37(5):1595\u2013625.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"1452_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7105","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.410944","volume":"288","author":"L Morel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morel L, Regan M, Higashimori H, et al. Neuronal exosomal miRNA-dependent translational regulation of astroglial glutamate transporter GLT1 [J]. J Biol Chem. 2013;288(10):7105\u201316.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03310-2","volume":"12","author":"J Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang J, Cao LL, Wang XP, et al. Neuronal extracellular vesicle derived miR-98 prevents salvageable neurons from microglial phagocytosis in acute ischemic stroke [J]. Cell Death Dis. 2021;12(1):23.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"1452_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-021-01174-8","volume":"18","author":"M Norman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Norman M, Ter-Ovanesyan D, Trieu W, et al. L1CAM is not associated with extracellular vesicles in human cerebrospinal fluid or plasma [J]. Nat Methods. 2021;18(6):631\u20134.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"1452_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2024.148919","volume":"1835","author":"W Jiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiang W, Wu Y, Pang A, et al. M1-type microglia-derived exosomes contribute to blood-brain barrier damage [J]. Brain Res. 2024;1835:148919.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"1452_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.70173","volume":"14","author":"G D\u2019Arrigo","year":"2025","unstructured":"D\u2019Arrigo G, Cutugno G, Golia MT, et al. Microglial extracellular vesicles mediate C1q deposition at the pre-synapse and promote synaptic pruning [J]. J Extracell Vesicles. 2025;14(12):e70173.","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"key":"1452_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.02.027","volume":"125","author":"S Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao S, Sheng S, Wang Y, et al. Astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles: a double-edged sword in central nervous system disorders [J]. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021;125:148\u201359.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"1452_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061343","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.1061343","volume":"15","author":"Y Fan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fan Y, Huang H, Shao J, et al. MicroRNA-mediated regulation of reactive astrocytes in central nervous system diseases [J]. Front Mol Neurosci. 2022;15:1061343.","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1452_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03629-9","volume":"61","author":"C Kijima","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kijima C, Inaba T, Hira K, et al. Astrocytic extracellular vesicles regulated by microglial inflammatory responses improve stroke recovery [J]. Mol Neurobiol. 2024;61(2):1002\u201321.","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1452_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05454-9","volume":"13","author":"Y Deng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deng Y, Duan R, Ding W, et al. Astrocyte-derived exosomal nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) ameliorates ischemic stroke injury by targeting AMPK\/mTOR signaling to induce autophagy [J]. Cell Death Dis. 2022;13(12):1057.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1452_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2019.06.019","volume":"382","author":"X Pei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pei X, Li Y, Zhu L, et al. Astrocyte-derived exosomes suppress autophagy and ameliorate neuronal damage in experimental ischemic stroke [J]. Exp Cell Res. 2019;382(2):111474.","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"1452_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001604","volume":"11","author":"C Fruhbeis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fruhbeis C, Frohlich D, Kuo WP, et al. Neurotransmitter-triggered transfer of exosomes mediates oligodendrocyte-neuron communication [J]. PLoS Biol. 2013;11(7):e1001604.","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1452_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000621","volume":"18","author":"C Fruhbeis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fruhbeis C, Kuo-Elsner WP, Muller C, et al. Oligodendrocytes support axonal transport and maintenance via exosome secretion [J]. PLoS Biol. 2020;18(12):e3000621.","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"21","key":"1452_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.08.011","volume":"109","author":"KA Chamberlain","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chamberlain KA, Huang N, Xie Y, et al. Oligodendrocytes enhance axonal energy metabolism by deacetylation of mitochondrial proteins through transcellular delivery of SIRT2 [J]. Neuron. 2021;109(21):3456\u201372 e8.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"7494","key":"1452_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13165","volume":"508","author":"CN Hall","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hall CN, Reynell C, Gesslein B, et al. Capillary pericytes regulate cerebral blood flow in health and disease [J]. Nature. 2014;508(7494):55\u201360.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"1452_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad401","volume":"147","author":"JJ Shrouder","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shrouder JJ, Calandra GM, Filser S, et al. Continued dysfunction of capillary pericytes promotes no-reflow after experimental stroke in vivo [J]. Brain. 2024;147(3):1057\u201374.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1452_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma K, Zhang Y, Paudel KR, et al. The emerging role of pericyte-derived extracellular vesicles in vascular and neurological health [J]. Cells. 2022;11(19)","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11193108"},{"issue":"6","key":"1452_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.124.048446","volume":"56","author":"W Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen W, Wu Y, Liang Y, et al. Small extracellular vesicles from hypoxia-neuron maintain blood-brain barrier integrity [J]. Stroke. 2025;56(6):1569\u201380.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"1452_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202301637R","volume":"38","author":"XL Min","year":"2024","unstructured":"Min XL, Jia WJ, Guo L, et al. Brain microvascular endothelial cell-derived exosomes transmitting circ_0000495 promote microglial M1-polarization and endothelial cell injury under hypoxia condition [J]. FASEB J. 2024;38(2):e23387.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"1452_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SUN J, YUAN Q, GUO L, et al. Brain microvascular endothelial cell-derived exosomes protect neurons from ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice [J]. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022;15(10):1287.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15101287"},{"issue":"7","key":"1452_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5473","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-021-06557-w","volume":"48","author":"Y Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu Y, Tian Y, Wang Y, et al. Exosomes derived from astrocytes after oxygen-glucose deprivation promote differentiation and migration of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in vitro [J]. Mol Biol Rep. 2021;48(7):5473\u201384.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"1452_CR78","first-page":"1452","volume":"16","author":"H Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu H, Jiang M, Chen Z, et al. The role of the complement system in synaptic pruning after stroke [J]. Aging Dis. 2024;16(3):1452\u201370.","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1452_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e52","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.041422","volume":"54","author":"RG Kowalski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kowalski RG, Ledreux A, Violette JE, et al. Rapid activation of neuroinflammation in stroke: plasma and extracellular vesicles obtained on a mobile stroke unit [J]. Stroke. 2023;54(3):e52\u2013e7.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"1452_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.594672","volume":"11","author":"S Bernardo-Castro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bernardo-Castro S, Sousa JA, Bras A, et al. Pathophysiology of blood-brain barrier permeability throughout the different stages of ischemic stroke and its implication on hemorrhagic transformation and recovery [J]. Front Neurol. 2020;11:594672.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1452_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4068","volume":"22","author":"C Benakis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Benakis C, Brea D, Caballero S, et al. Commensal microbiota affects ischemic stroke outcome by regulating intestinal gammadelta T cells [J]. Nat Med. 2016;22(5):516\u201323.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"28","key":"1452_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7428","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1114-16.2016","volume":"36","author":"V Singh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singh V, Roth S, Llovera G, et al. Microbiota dysbiosis controls the neuroinflammatory response after stroke [J]. J Neurosci. 2016;36(28):7428\u201340.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"1452_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3525","volume":"13","author":"C Schwechheimer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schwechheimer C, Kuehn MJ. Outer-membrane vesicles from Gram-negative bacteria: biogenesis and functions [J]. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2015;13(10):605\u201319.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"1452_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haas-Neill S, Forsythe P. A budding relationship: bacterial extracellular vesicles in the microbiota-gut-brain axis [J]. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(23):8899.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21238899"},{"key":"1452_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cuesta CM, Guerri C, Urena J, et al. Role of microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles in gut-brain communication [J]. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(8):4235.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084235"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-317726","volume":"69","author":"J Tulkens","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tulkens J, Vergauwen G, Van Deun J, et al. Increased levels of systemic LPS-positive bacterial extracellular vesicles in patients with intestinal barrier dysfunction [J]. Gut. 2020;69(1):191\u20133.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"1452_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70135","volume":"13","author":"Y Qiu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qiu Y, Zhao Y, He G, et al. Porphyromonas gingivalis and its outer membrane vesicles induce neuroinflammation in mice through distinct mechanisms [J]. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2025;13(2):e70135.","journal-title":"Immun Inflamm Dis"},{"key":"1452_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227655","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2023.1227655","volume":"16","author":"A Kaisanlahti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaisanlahti A, Salmi S, Kumpula S, et al. Bacterial extracellular vesicles - brain invaders? A systematic review [J]. Front Mol Neurosci. 2023;16:1227655.","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"1452_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-11-110","volume":"11","author":"WF Westendorp","year":"2011","unstructured":"Westendorp WF, Nederkoorn PJ, Vermeij JD, et al. Post-stroke infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. BMC Neurol. 2011;11:110.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1452_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1765","volume":"6","author":"C Meisel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Meisel C, Schwab JM, Prass K, et al. Central nervous system injury-induced immune deficiency syndrome [J]. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2005;6(10):775\u201386.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1452_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021098","volume":"198","author":"K Prass","year":"2003","unstructured":"Prass K, Meisel C, Hoflich C, et al. Stroke-induced immunodeficiency promotes spontaneous bacterial infections and is mediated by sympathetic activation reversal by poststroke T helper cell type 1-like immunostimulation [J]. J Exp Med. 2003;198(5):725\u201336.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1452_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04357-4","volume":"79","author":"A Bub","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bub A, Brenna S, Alawi M, et al. Multiplexed mRNA analysis of brain-derived extracellular vesicles upon experimental stroke in mice reveals increased mRNA content with potential relevance to inflammation and recovery processes [J]. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2022;79(6):329.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03250-0","volume":"21","author":"C Park","year":"2024","unstructured":"Park C, Lei Z, Li Y, et al. Extracellular vesicles in sepsis plasma mediate neuronal inflammation in the brain through miRNAs and innate immune signaling [J]. J Neuroinflammation. 2024;21(1):252.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"1452_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26316","DOI":"10.3402\/jev.v4.26316","volume":"4","author":"OP Wiklander","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wiklander OP, Nordin JZ, O'Loughlin A, et al. Extracellular vesicle in vivo biodistribution is determined by cell source, route of administration and targeting [J]. J Extracell Vesicles. 2015;4:26316.","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"issue":"4","key":"1452_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000046586.38284.60","volume":"60","author":"L Katzan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Katzan L I, Cebul RD, Husak SH, et al. The effect of pneumonia on mortality among patients hospitalized for acute stroke [J]. Neurology. 2003;60(4):620\u20135.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"1452_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000190056.76543.eb","volume":"36","author":"R Martino","year":"2005","unstructured":"Martino R, Foley N, Bhogal S, et al. Dysphagia after stroke: incidence, diagnosis, and pulmonary complications [J]. Stroke. 2005;36(12):2756\u201363.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"12","key":"1452_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3671","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16671964","volume":"37","author":"S Hoffmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hoffmann S, Harms H, Ulm L, et al. Stroke-induced immunodepression and dysphagia independently predict stroke-associated pneumonia - The PREDICT study [J]. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2017;37(12):3671\u201382.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"1452_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2617","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.653055","volume":"43","author":"S Hoffmann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hoffmann S, Malzahn U, Harms H, et al. Development of a clinical score (A2DS2) to predict pneumonia in acute ischemic stroke [J]. Stroke. 2012;43(10):2617\u201323.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001307","volume":"4","author":"CJ Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith CJ, Bray BD, Hoffman A, et al. Can a novel clinical risk score improve pneumonia prediction in acute stroke care? A UK multicenter cohort study [J]. J Am Heart Assoc. 2015;4(1):e001307.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"1452_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1177\/2396987316651759","volume":"1","author":"AK Kishore","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kishore AK, Vail A, Bray BD, et al. Clinical risk scores for predicting stroke-associated pneumonia: a systematic review [J]. Eur Stroke J. 2016;1(2):76\u201384.","journal-title":"Eur Stroke J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.032787","volume":"53","author":"JC De Jonge","year":"2022","unstructured":"De Jonge JC, Van De Beek D, Lyden P, et al. Temporal profile of pneumonia after stroke [J]. Stroke. 2022;53(1):53\u201360.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2019-0447TR","volume":"63","author":"RY Mahida","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mahida RY, Matsumoto S, Matthay MA. Extracellular vesicles: a new frontier for research in acute respiratory distress syndrome [J]. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2020;63(1):15\u201324.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1452_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3001","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.41.10.12916","volume":"41","author":"Y Weng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Weng Y, Shen T. The impact of post-stroke pneumonia on survival and functional outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. Pak J Med Sci. 2025;41(10):3001\u201312.","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"1452_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30336-3","volume":"17","author":"JF Scheitz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Scheitz JF, Nolte CH, Doehner W, et al. Stroke-heart syndrome: clinical presentation and underlying mechanisms [J]. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17(12):1109\u201320.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"17","key":"1452_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.026528","volume":"11","author":"JF Scheitz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Scheitz JF, Sposato LA, Schulz-Menger J, et al. Stroke-heart syndrome: recent advances and challenges [J]. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11(17):e026528.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"23","key":"1452_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.009","volume":"76","author":"LA Sposato","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sposato LA, Hilz MJ, Aspberg S, et al. Post-stroke cardiovascular complications and neurogenic cardiac injury: JACC state-of-the-art review [J]. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(23):2768\u201385.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1452_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.01.005","volume":"23","author":"KW Faiz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Faiz KW, Thommessen B, Einvik G, et al. Prognostic value of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T in acute ischemic stroke [J]. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014;23(2):241\u20138.","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"13","key":"1452_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018547","volume":"133","author":"HC Mochmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mochmann HC, Scheitz JF, Petzold GC, et al. Coronary angiographic findings in acute ischemic stroke patients with elevated cardiac troponin: the troponin elevation in acute ischemic stroke (TRELAS) study [J]. Circulation. 2016;133(13):1264\u201371.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1452_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-020-00305-y","volume":"6","author":"S Fu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fu S, Zhang Y, Li Y, et al. Extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular diseases [J]. Cell Death Discov. 2020;6:68.","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"issue":"7","key":"1452_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2025.05.002","volume":"10","author":"Q Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li Q, Hamdalla RH, Dhyani N, et al. Cardiac Injury regulates neuroinflammation through extracellular vesicle-mediated heart-brain crosstalk [J]. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2025;10(7):101307.","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"1452_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.320916","volume":"131","author":"C Tian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tian C, Gao L, Rudebush TL, et al. Extracellular vesicles regulate sympatho-excitation by Nrf2 in heart failure [J]. Circ Res. 2022;131(8):687\u2013700.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"1452_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-6-37","volume":"6","author":"MS Elkind","year":"2006","unstructured":"Elkind MS, Coates K, Tai W, et al. Levels of acute phase proteins remain stable after ischemic stroke [J]. BMC Neurol. 2006;6:37.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2010.183","volume":"21","author":"G He","year":"2011","unstructured":"He G, Karin M. NF-\u03baB and STAT3 - key players in liver inflammation and cancer [J]. Cell Res. 2011;21(1):159\u201368.","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"issue":"6-7","key":"1452_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcb.2011.09.008","volume":"91","author":"JG Bode","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bode JG, Albrecht U, Haussinger D, et al. Hepatic acute phase proteins--regulation by IL-6- and IL-1-type cytokines involving STAT3 and its crosstalk with NF-kappaB-dependent signaling [J]. Eur J Cell Biol. 2012;91(6-7):496\u2013505.","journal-title":"Eur J Cell Biol"},{"key":"1452_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Izquierdo-Altarejos P, Cabrera-Pastor A, Gonzalez-King H, et al. Extracellular vesicles from hyperammonemic rats induce neuroinflammation and motor incoordination in control Rats [J]. Cells. 2020;9(3)","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9030572"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4414","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08387-7","volume":"12","author":"L Hernandez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hernandez L, Ward LJ, Arefin S, et al. Blood-brain barrier and gut barrier dysfunction in chronic kidney disease with a focus on circulating biomarkers and tight junction proteins [J]. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):4414.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1452_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matsuki H, Mandai S, Shiwaku H, et al. Chronic kidney disease causes blood-brain barrier breakdown via urea-activated matrix metalloproteinase-2 and insolubility of tau protein [J]. Aging (Albany NY), 2023, 15(20): 10972-10995.","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.205164"},{"issue":"2","key":"1452_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.09.013","volume":"95","author":"ZL Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li ZL, Lv LL, Tang TT, et al. HIF-1alpha inducing exosomal microRNA-23a expression mediates the cross-talk between tubular epithelial cells and macrophages in tubulointerstitial inflammation [J]. Kidney Int. 2019;95(2):388\u2013404.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"1452_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.731013","volume":"12","author":"RA Jodicke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jodicke RA, Huo S, Krankel N, et al. the dynamic of extracellular vesicles in patients with subacute stroke: results of the \"biomarkers and perfusion-training-induced changes after stroke\" (BAPTISe) study [J]. Front Neurol. 2021;12:731013.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1452_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202305339","volume":"11","author":"X Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu X, Liu H, Hu Q, et al. Astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicular miR-143-3p dampens autophagic degradation of endothelial adhesion molecules and promotes neutrophil transendothelial migration after acute brain injury [J]. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024;11(5):e2305339.","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5272","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55983-w","volume":"14","author":"MA Edwardson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Edwardson MA, Mitsuhashi M, Van Epps D. Elevation of astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles over the first month post-stroke in humans [J]. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):5272.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1452_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.07.029","volume":"193","author":"A Thulin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thulin A, Lindback J, Granger CB, et al. Extracellular vesicles in atrial fibrillation and stroke [J]. Thromb Res. 2020;193:180\u20139.","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"1452_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15434","volume":"19","author":"L Weiss","year":"2021","unstructured":"Weiss L, Keaney J, Szklanna PB, et al. Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients anticoagulated with rivaroxaban compared with warfarin exhibit reduced circulating extracellular vesicles with attenuated pro-inflammatory protein signatures [J]. J Thromb Haemost. 2021;19(10):2583\u201395.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16198","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91759-2","volume":"11","author":"FM Elahi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elahi FM, Harvey D, Altendahl M, et al. Elevated complement mediator levels in endothelial-derived plasma exosomes implicate endothelial innate inflammation in diminished brain function of aging humans [J]. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):16198.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1452_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S399338","volume":"16","author":"KJ Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao KJ, Yin RH, Wang Y, et al. Exosomal miR-320e as a novel potential biomarker for cerebral small vessel disease [J]. Int J Gen Med. 2023;16:641\u201355.","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"1452_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S304394","volume":"17","author":"Y Yao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yao Y, Fang X, Yuan J, et al. Interleukin-6 in cerebrospinal fluid small extracellular vesicles as a potential biomarker for prognosis of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage [J]. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2021;17:1423\u201331.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"1452_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xin H, Katakowski M, Wang F, et al. MicroRNA cluster miR-17-92 cluster in exosomes enhance neuroplasticity and functional recovery after stroke in rats [J]. Stroke. 2017;48(3):747\u201353.","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.015204"},{"key":"1452_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481617","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1481617","volume":"15","author":"K Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu K, Zhao X, He Y, et al. Stem cell-derived exosomes for ischemic stroke: a conventional and network meta-analysis based on animal models [J]. Front Pharmacol. 2024;15:1481617.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01704-0","volume":"9","author":"F Tan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tan F, Li X, Wang Z, et al. Clinical applications of stem cell-derived exosomes [J]. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024;9(1):17.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"1452_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raju D, Bathini S, Badilescu S, et al. Microfluidic platforms for the isolation and detection of exosomes: a brief review [J]. Micromachines (Basel). 2022;13(5):730.","DOI":"10.3390\/mi13050730"},{"issue":"1","key":"1452_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03569-5","volume":"5","author":"WW Woud","year":"2022","unstructured":"Woud WW, Van Der Pol E, Mul E, et al. An imaging flow cytometry-based methodology for the analysis of single extracellular vesicles in unprocessed human plasma [J]. Commun Biol. 2022;5(1):633.","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"issue":"31","key":"1452_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28021","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c00706","volume":"19","author":"HL Tran","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tran HL, Zheng W, Issadore DA, et al. Extracellular vesicles for clinical diagnostics: from bulk measurements to single-vesicle analysis [J]. ACS Nano. 2025;19(31):28021\u2013109.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"}],"container-title":["Translational Stroke Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12975-026-01452-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12975-026-01452-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12975-026-01452-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T09:02:39Z","timestamp":1787821359000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12975-026-01452-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"references-count":132,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1452"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12975-026-01452-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-4483","1868-601X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-4483","type":"print"},{"value":"1868-601X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"77"}}